GRAPHITE DERIVED GRAPHENES TARGETED TO DELIVER PERFORMANCE ENHANCING - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
GRAPHITE DERIVED GRAPHENES TARGETED TO DELIVER PERFORMANCE ENHANCING - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
GRAPHITE DERIVED GRAPHENES TARGETED TO DELIVER PERFORMANCE ENHANCING NANO FILLERS FOR TIRE ELASTOMERS Forward Looking Statements This PowerPoint Presentation contains certain forward-looking statements that reflect the current views and/or
This PowerPoint Presentation contains certain forward-looking statements that reflect the current views and/or expectations of Gratomic Inc. (“Gratomic”) with respect to its performance, business and future events. All statements other than statements of historical fact may be forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements can generally be identified by the words "believe", "anticipate", "expect", "plan", "estimate", "targeting", "continue", “foresee”, "could", “might”, "intend", "may", "potential", "predict", "should", "will", "objective", "project", "forecast", "goal", "guidance", "outlook", "effort" "seek", "schedule" or expressions of a similar nature suggesting future outcome or statements regarding an outlook, which speak only as of the date on which they are made. In particular, statements relating to future performance are forward-looking statements and forward-looking information. Such forward-looking statements or forward-looking information are based on management’s current expectations at the time the statements were originally made or at the time the information was originally provided. Such forward-looking statements or forward-looking information may rely on a number of assumptions concerning future events and are therefore subject to a number of uncertainties and other risk factors, many of which are outside of Gratomic’s
- control. These factors include and are not restricted to changes in the market, potential downturns in economic conditions, general economic and business
conditions, foreign exchange fluctuations, changes in business strategy, regulatory requirements, supply and demand for commodities, market competition, possible commerciality, planned exploration and development activity, access to capital, and dependence on key personnel and other risks identified from time to time. The foregoing list of factors that may affect future growth, results and performance is not exhaustive and undue reliance should not be placed
- thereon. These statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause actual results or events to differ materially from
those anticipated in such forward-looking statements. Actual results may therefore vary materially from the expectations expressed by management and you are cautioned not to place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements or forward-looking information. For a review of relevant assumptions and risk factors, please refer to the quarterly and annual Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Position and Results of Operations of Gratomic (filed on SEDAR at www.sedar.com). Unless otherwise required by applicable securities laws, Gratomic expressly disclaims any intention, and assumes no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.
Forward Looking Statements
Graphite Feedstock Preferred Source Supplied from Aukam Namibia
- High grade crystalline vein graphite project
- One of the only jurisdictions of viable vein graphite outside of Sri-Lanka
- Former producer (1940 to 1974) - selective mining of high grade resulted in graphitic
material left in five available surface caches.
- Visible graphite zone measures at surface
- Several veins open in lower adit easily accessible for immediate mining
- Graphite veins vary in thickness from 10 to 310 centimeters with exploited veins
typically 70 to 152 centimeters.
- Aukam graphite to graphenes veins characterised at Swansea University when
plasma processed deliver graphenes at 99% carbon.
- New Discovery Zone 6.3 km along strike from old mine.
- Continued drilling to test and quantify continuity values
- Perpetuus have successfully tested the suitability of Gratomic graphite for inclusion
into selected Perpetuus tire formulations and have discovered the gratomic graphite process to be, in respect of producing a concentrate and in the respect of a Nano engineered surface, more efficiently than other graphite’s
- Gratomic and Perpetuus have agreed to enter into formal JVA negotiations to
commercialise a profit sharing graphite to graphene value chain for car tires.
The Aukam Project
Graphene Functionalised Surface Modified Graphene Sheets Derived from Graphite
Market potential and timeline of Graphenes derived from Mined Graphite
Traditional graphite market Next generation market dominated by graphenes derived from graphite
Graphene grown bottom up atom by atom
2015
Application Evolution
Battery materials 21% Graphite Automotive 14% Lubricants 14% Others
1.2 M tons/Annum
- Graphite 2015
- Graphite to
Graphenes 2020
2M
Tons/Annum.
Fireproofing materials / crucibles 18% Elastomers Composites 66% Graphene Others
Fireproofing Materials crucibles 41%
2016 – 2020
The foundations of early large volume consumption of graphenes derived from graphite will be driven by the elastomers, polymer composites, energy capture and storage applications market
- Smartphones: Recharging weekly
- Electric vehicles: Range of 600 km
2020 Elastomers i.e. tires Advanced Composites Energy Storage and capture
- Smartphones: Recharging
weekly
- Electric vehicles: Range of
600 km
- IOT
- Biomed
Perpetuus are believed to be the world’s only producer of Graphite derived Graphenes with outputs independently verified for volumes and quality
- Semi-Automatic, computer controlled for
repeatability and tune-ability
- Robust and capable of processing most graphite
derived nano-materials
- New production facility sited in Swansea Wales UK.
- 2018 production capability of approx. 500 tonnes
per annum. Via an additional triple barrel reactor as illustrated on the “road to commercialization slide”
- Further two Triple chamber reactors will be
commissioned in 2018/2019 elevating capacity to greater than 2000 tonnes per annum
OUT IN
Input Material Graphite Perpetuus Output Material – Graphene Stacks
Perpetuus Patented DBD Plasma Process
Independent quantity and quality verification study supervised by:
Quantity
- We believe that Perpetuus is the first and only of its known global competitors
in the industry to have output quantity independently verified
- Work study commissioned and undertaken in Sept 2014 by industrial process
experts Scott-Grant Limited and attended by Grant Thornton
- The study confirmed that the Perpetuus DBD plasma reactor has a theoretical
production capacity of 141 tonnes of functionalised graphenes per annum (24/7 production)
Quality
- We believe that Perpetuus is the first and only of its known global competitors
in the industry to have its production outputs independently verified to establish its quality/purity/crystalinity/functionalisation/morphology
- Perpetuus commissioned Cardiff University supported by Swansea University to
carry out a full analysis and characterisation of its functionalised graphenes
- The independent report concluded that Perpetuus’ functionalised graphite
derived graphenes are of a suitable quality for mass-market commercialisation
Application Technology
Disperse the Graphene Stacks into a Polymer – Shearing Energy Liberates Graphenes
- Nano-intermediaries can only be obtained through Homogenous Dispersions
- Prepared by realising the maximum surface area along with empathetic matrix selective functionalisation -
facilitating the efficient mixing of Graphene stacks into the tires elastomeric targeted matrix.
- Dispersion routes: include high shear mixing melt intercalation & in situ polymerisation
Matrix Graphene stacks Tire elastomer dispersion
Perpetuus Graphenes Derived from Graphite Powder elastomer polymer mix
Road to Commercialisation
- Perpetuus can consistently produce
graphenes via an environmentally friendly patented computer controlled production processes
- 2018 - high quality graphite derived
graphenes up to 100 kilos per hour tailored for the end use.
- Surface engineered, functionalised and non
functionalised options
- Viable cost of production ‘intermediate’
graphenes provided specifically to meet tire customer application requirements.
- Customer graphene enhanced tires currently
road testing in Asia and Europe.
- Expectations - 2018 First commercial sales of
graphene enhanced tires
Reported Commercial Status
- f Graphene Enhanced Passenger Vehicle Tires
Currently testing graphite derived plasma processed graphenes with 5 major tire manufacturers - potential demand >5000 tonnes p.a.
Proven studies establish:
- The use of graphene in inner liner compounds will reduce air permeability
- Graphenes equal a lighter tire
- Graphenes equals lower rolling resistance, high impact and tensile properties
- Graphenes offers improved economy and superior performance
Plasma processed graphenes derived from graphite are currently undergoing pre-production trials in Asia and Europe Test results using Plasma Processed Graphite derived Graphenes indicate :
- Higher grip braking reduced by 2 meters at 50 kph (which is significant)
- Rolling resistance of 0.019 vs. norm of 0.009, (meaning longer free wheel &
increased economy)
- Decrease in wear when real world road tested against a premium brand tire,
- approx. 5,000 kilometers over normal for premium non-graphene tire
- Graphenes - plasma functionalised filler particles
- Morphologies tailored to enable superior properties within ultra light and
strong polymer and elastomeric composites
Technologies Capabilities
Tire testing results
Puncture Test Total energy required to puncture was elevated by 4% for Perpetuus Graphene enhanced tire over competitor tire. Fewer puncture incidents observed Thermal Characteristics On average a 21% decrease in heat build up for Perpetuus graphene tires was observed in comparison with a competitor tire. During use efficient heat dissipation was observed Deflection Study 40% reduction in deflection seen in radial deflection testing. Providing greater stability than competitors tires Lower deflection = less heat generation + less energy consumption. Power Input (watts) 5% elevation in converting power input to speed which is a significant improvement
- ver competitor graphene
enhanced and conventional tires
Comparison of plasma processed graphite derived graphene tires versus competitor market leading graphene tires
Reported predictive terrain trials via Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (Pro Rider Feed Back)
TEMPERATURE P4+6G+ P4+6SDP500-02
- 20
0.3937 0.3541 ** ICE GRIP 0.1595 0.1492 ** WET GRIP 20 0.1010 0.1027 ** DRY GRIP 60 0.0745 0.0755 ** RRc
0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90
- 100
- 50
50 100
Tand
T E M P E R A T U R E ( o C )
P4+6G+
Physical property results disclose significant improvements on competitor graphene tire properties. DMA results are favourable when compared with other market-leading graphene tires
Elevated Tand values indicate superior grip properties. Dry grip measured at 20 degrees centigrade Wet grip at Zero degrees centigrade, Ice grip at -20 degrees centigrade. Perpetuus grade graphene is slightly better for dry grip applications but comparable with competitor graphene enhanced tire. Ice grip and wet grip is slightly better for competitor but again comparable with Perpetuus. Perpetuus rolling resistance measured at 60 degree centigrade. ( Lower the tan delta value is better). Results are comparable. Abrasion resistance is slightly better for Perpetuus grade than competitor tire, comparable.
Reported Physical Properties Tires are superior to competitor market-leading graphene tires
Test Properties Present G+ SDP500-02
- Hardness (Shore A)
58 56
- Elongation at Break
470 538
- Modulus (MPa)
@100% @300% 2.77 9.79 2.30 8.47
- Tensile Strength
(Mpa) 18.85 19.48
- Tear Strength
(N/mm) 10.9 15.87
- Rebound resilience
(%) @ 25C @ 60C 61.5 72.8 61.2 70.6
- DMA test
Tan delta @ 0 C Tan delta @ 60 C 0.1595 0.0745 0.1492 0.0755
- 15 % Property elevation in elongation at break
- 4 % Property elevation tensile strength
- 46% Property elevation in tear strength. -
Please note: Due to the thin treads that are typically employed in bike applications this result is extremely
- significant. It is also significant that this charactersitic
supports superior crack resistance.
- All other results are as good as competitor
graphene tire results
- Results from work in the respect of Passenger
Vehicle Tires (PVT) indicate that its current bike tire is probably the best product in its class. Its next generation bike tire compound will provide a further step in performance and significantly improve on the enclosed iteration