Going and Coming: Survival and Timing of PIT-Tagged Juvenile and - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Going and Coming: Survival and Timing of PIT-Tagged Juvenile and Adult Salmonids in the Columbia River Estuary

Matthew Morris1, Dick Ledgerwood2, Robert Magie1, Paul Bentley2, and Benjamin Sandford2

1Ocean Associates, Inc. Point Adams Biological Field Station, Hammond, OR 2NOAA Fisheries Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, WA

Background

• 1995: Estuarine detection of PIT-tagged juvenile

salmonids begins

– Purpose: Document timing of transported juvenile salmonids just prior to ocean entry

• 1998: Sampling expanded

– Purpose: Include timing of inriver migrants and complete hydrosystem reach survival estimates to Bonneville Dam

• 2011: Estuarine PIT detection of returning adult

salmonids begins

– Purpose: Document timing and estimate survival upstream to Bonneville Dam

Outline

• Highlight 15 years of juvenile detection data

(trawl)

• Highlight 4 years of adult detection data (pile

dike)

Detecting Outmigrating Juvenile Salmonids with a Trawl

90 m 122 m Matrix Antenna 2.6 m 3 m

Trawl (~RKM 75) Bonneville Dam (RKM 234) Barge Release (~RKM 225)

Survival of Juvenile Yearling Chinook and Steelhead, McNary to Bonneville Dam

2014 2012 2010 2008 2006 2004 2002 2000 20 40 60 80 100 20 40 60 80 100

Survival (%) Steelhead Yearling Chinook

Snake River Upper- Columbia River Source

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 Detections (n h-1) Detection Hour Yearling Chinook Steelhead

Diel Behavior of Juvenile Yearling Chinook and Steelhead, 2003-2014

n = 111,475 n = 66,256 Sample mean: 13 h/d

Detection at Lower Granite Dam (rkm 695) Detection at Bonneville Dam (rkm 234) Release from transportation barge (rkm 225) Yearling Chinook salmon Steelhead Yearling Chinook salmon Steelhead Yearling Chinook salmon Steelhead Flow 2000 17.4 17.1 1.7 1.7 1.9 1.6 7,415 2001 32.9 30.1 2.3 2.5 2.9 2.3 3,877 2002 18.2 17.8 1.8 1.7 2 1.6 8,071 2003 17.0 16.5 1.8 1.7 2.1 1.7 7,120 2004 16.6 16.6 1.9 2 2.2 1.9 6,663 2005 17.3 16.9 1.8 2 2.2 1.9 5,776 2006 14.7 12.5 1.7 1.6 2.1 1.6 9,435 2007 15.7 15.6 1.7 1.7 2.2 1.7 6,858 2008 18.3 14.4 1.7 1.6 2.1 1.6 8,714 2009 18.7 15.4 1.7 1.7 2.1 1.6 7,871 2010 16.1 14.8 2.0 1.9 2.2 2.0 6,829 2011a 17.8 15.5 1.8 1.6 2.1 1.6 7,911 2011b 13.2 10.0 1.5 1.3 1.6 1.5 13,462 2012 15.4 11.2 1.6 1.5 2.0 1.5 10,056 2013 14.1 11.6 1.6 1.6 2.2 1.6 7,470 2014 16.4 12.3 1.6 1.6 2.1 1.5 8,281

*Mean

16.5 14.5 1.7 1.7 2.1 1.6 7,671

Travel Time (d) of Juvenile Yearling Chinook and Steelhead

*Excludes 2001

Yearling Chinook Steelhead

2000 inriver barged 2001 inriver inriver 2002 ND variable 2003 variable variable 2004 variable barged 2005 ND ND 2006 inriver ND 2007 ND inriver 2008 variable inriver 2009 inriver ND 2010 inriver inriver 2011 inriver ND 2012 inriver barged 2013 inriver variable 2014 ND barged Inriver 8 4 Barged 4 Variable 3 3 No Difference 4 4

Detection Rates by Migration History

4,000 6,000

Total Released (n)

1 2 3 4

Detection Rate (%)

Yearling Chinook Salmon, 2014 n = 1,546

3,000 4,500

Total Released (n)

2 4 6 8

Detection Rate (%)

26 Apr 6 May 16 May 26 May 5 Jun

Steelhead, 2014 n = 2,266

2,000 1,500 Barge Release In-river Release Barge % In-river % Barged Regr In-river Regr 8,000 6,000 5 10,000

Juvenile Salmonid Highlights

• Trawl detections of yearling Chinook peaked at

dawn and dusk, steelhead late morning

• Travel time

– Steelhead travelled faster than yearling Chinook from Lower Granite Dam, same speed from Bonneville Dam – Inriver-migrating yearling Chinook travelled faster than barged, no difference for steelhead

• Detection rates of yearling Chinook were always

higher for inriver migrants if a difference was present, no apparent trend for steelhead

Detecting Returning Adult Salmonids Using Antennas Mounted on a Pile Dike

90 m 122 m Matrix Antenna

Pile Dike Array (RKM 70) Bonneville Dam (RKM 234)

20 40 60 80 100 Spring Chin Summer Chin Fall Chin Coho Steelhead Sockeye 2012 2013 2014 2015

Survival of Adult Salmonids, PD7 to Bonneville Dam (RKM 70-234)

22 28 25 68 16 22 54 36 19 12 15 25 12 101 49

Survival (%, +/- SE) Fall Migration Fall Migration As of 7/27/2015

17 1 2 24 3

Travel Time of Chinook Salmon, PD7 to Bonneville Dam (RKM 70 to 234)

As of 7/27/2015 Detection Date at PD7 Travel Time (days) Spring Fall Summer Run 2012-2015 means: Spring 8.6 d Summer 3.8 d Fall 3.7 d 5 10 15 20 25 30 17-Mar 6-May 25-Jun 14-Aug 3-Oct 2012 2013 2014 2015

Travel Time of Steelhead and Sockeye Salmon, PD7

to Bonneville Dam (RKM 70 to 234)

As of 7/27/2015 Detection Date at PD7 Travel Time (days) Steelhead

5 10 15 20 25 30 10-Jun 15-Jun 20-Jun 25-Jun 30-Jun 5-Jul 10-Jul

Sockeye 2012-2015 mean: 5.5 d 2013-2015 mean: 3.9 d

5 10 15 20 25 30 12-Mar 1-May 20-Jun 9-Aug 28-Sep 2012 2013 2014 2015

Adult Salmonid Highlights

• Survival from PD7 to Bonneville Dam was lower in

2015 for Spring Chinook and Sockeye

• Travel time

– Earlier migrating Spring Chinook took longer to get to Bonneville Dam than later migrants – Spring Chinook travelled significantly slower than summer and fall Chinook – Steelhead travelled significantly slower than every species/run except Spring Chinook – Sockeye travelled slower in 2015 than in the previous two years

• Migration period for Sockeye was only ~3 weeks

Acknowledgements

• BPA

– Barbara Shields, John Piccininni, and Scott Bettin.

• USACE

– Brad Eppard.

• NOAA

– Bruce Jonasson, Gabriel Brooks, Sandy Downing, Kurt Fresh, Richie Graves, Gary Fredricks, Kinsey Frick, Rich Zabel, and Blane Bellerud.

• PSMFC

– Randy Fisher, Russell Porter, and Rick Martinson.

• OAI

– Lindsey Webb, Alex Borsky, Kaya Johnson, Terry Roe, Brian Kelly, Day’e Hix, Joe Aga, Juleen Savarese, Mike Laurs, Peter Milone, and all of our seasonal boat operators, deckhands, and biologists.