Gender Equality in Middle- Gender Equality in Middle -Income Countries: Income Countries: Income Countries: Gender Equality in Middle Gender Equality in Middle Income Countries: GENDER EQUALI TY DI VI SI ON Are we there yet? Are we there yet? Are we there yet? Are we there yet? S. Gülser Corat, Director S. Gülser Corat, Director Division for Gender Equality, , Bureau of Strategic Planning, UNESCO UNESCO Workshop on Middle- -Income Income Countries Countries UNESCO Workshop on Middle Montevideo 10- Montevideo 10 -12 December 2009 12 December 2009 1 1
GENDER EQUALI TY DI VI SI ON Gender Gender Equality, Equality, Are we there Are we there yet? yet? NO!!! 2
GENDER EQUALI TY DI VI SI ON Why i y is g s gender e r equality i y important to the MICs? to the MICs? � GE GE is is an an economic economic necessity necessity; ; � � GE GE is is crucial for social justice and good crucial for social justice and good � governance; ; governance 3
GENDER EQUALI TY DI VI SI ON Gender Gender equality equality and MICs nd MICs Upper Middle Countries perform perform better than Lower Middle Income Countries Upper Middle Countries better than Lower Middle Income Countries on all four of the gender on all four of the gender indices examined indices examined; ; 1. The Gender- -related Development Index (GDI) related Development Index (GDI) 1. The Gender 2. 2. The Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM) The Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM) 3. The Global Gender Gap Index 3. The Global Gender Gap Index 4. 4. The OECD Social Institutions and Gender Index (SIGI) The OECD Social Institutions and Gender Index (SIGI) � Does Does a a stronger stronger economy economy lead lead to to equality equality? ? � OR OR � Does Does stronger stronger GE GE lead lead to to stronger stronger economy economy? ? � � Gender Gender equality equality and and economic economic development development go hand in hand. go hand in hand. � They are mutually mutually reinforcing. . They are reinforcing 4
GENDER EQUALI TY DI VI SI ON GE in UNESCO’s Domains Education Education Literacy rates in MICs MICs show some disparities (lowest lowest in MENA Literacy rates in show some disparities ( in MENA region); ); region � Upper Upper Middle countries have Middle countries have achieved achieved gender gender parity parity in in lower lower � secondary education education whilst whilst lower lower middle middle income income countries countries secondary have yet yet to do to do so so; ; have � Better Better schooling schooling for girls for girls is is positively positively linked linked to to better better life life � chances for their their children children; ; chances for Question: Question: � Will the Will the economic economic crisis crisis lead lead to a to a decrease decrease in in female female � secondary enrolment? enrolment? secondary 5
GENDER EQUALI TY DI VI SI ON Science Science 29% of 29% of world world’ ’s s researchers researchers are women are women; ; Strong Strong regional regional disparities among disparities among MICs MICs; ; Question: Question: Once educated Once educated, , will will women women have the same have the same chances as men to enter the labor chances as men to enter the labor market market with with equal equal salaries and with salaries and with equal equal conditions? conditions? MICs MICs statistics statistics show that show that in the best case, women in the best case, women earn earn 72% of 72% of men men’ ’s s income income and in the worst and in the worst, 23%. , 23%. 6
GENDER EQUALI TY DI VI SI ON � Socio � Socio- -economic and cultural factors underlie some economic and cultural factors underlie some of the disparities; of the disparities; � What can we learn from these figures? � What can we learn from these figures? � Areas which demand further attention � Areas which demand further attention 7
GENDER EQUALI TY DI VI SI ON How can the Division of Gender How can the Division of Gender Equality Equality help FOs help FOs efforts to promote efforts to promote Gender Gender Equality Equality in MICs in MICs? ? � Assist Assist all all Sectors Sectors and Field Offices for and Field Offices for � analysis; analysis ; � Provide Provide training, ressources and training, ressources and advice advice; ; � 8
GENDER EQUALI TY DI VI SI ON Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. For more information, please visit UNESCO’s For more information, please visit UNESCO’s global resource for Gender Equality: global resource for Gender Equality: http://www.unesco.org/genderequality http://www.unesco.org/genderequality Division for Gender Equality Division for Gender Equality Bureau of Strategic Planning Bureau of Strategic Planning 7, place de Fontenoy 7, pla ce de Fontenoy 75007 Paris, France 75007 Paris, France Tel: 33 (0)1 45 68 16 54 Tel: 33 (0)1 45 68 16 54 Fax: 33 (0)1 45 68 55 58 Fax: 33 (0)1 45 68 55 58 Email: gender.equality@unesco.org Email: gender.equality@unesco.org 9
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