Ge Gender ered ed J Justice: ce: D Drivers o of Nevadas Femal - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Ge Gender ered ed J Justice: ce: D Drivers o

• f Nevada’s

Femal ale P Prison P Population G Growth

March 9th, 2019

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Outline

• Introduction
• Nevada in the National Context
• Trends in Nevada’s Data
• Projected Growth and Impacts

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Introductions

• The Crime and Justice Institute (CJI) at CRJ works

with local, state and national criminal justice

• rganizations to develop approaches that work to

reduce recidivism, cut costs, and promote public safety throughout the country.

• CJI provides nonpartisan policy analysis and

technical assistance, research and program evaluation, and educational activities to states, agencies, and departments throughout the country.

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CJI-Pew Justice Reinvestment Collaboration

VT

HI

NH MA RI CT NJ DE MD DC

ME WA MT ND SD MN OR ID WY CO UT NV CA AZ NM NE KS OK TX AK LA AR MO IA WI MI IL IN OH PA NY WV VA KY TN MS AL GA SC NC FL

2018–2019 Active States Prior JRI Reforms

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JRI Phase I

• Process:
• Data and system analysis
• Policy development
• Legislative process

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JRI Phase II

• Process:
• Implement policies
• Measure outcomes
• Reinvest savings

Data Findings

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After Decades of Growth, Nevada Prison Population Continues to Climb

Source: Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics

1,350 13,757 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000 16,000 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Nevada Prison Population, 1978-2016

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Nevada’s Female Prison Population Increased By Over 1500%

76 1,267 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400

Nevada Female Prison Population, 1978-2016

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Nevada’s Female Imprisonment Rate is 43% Higher Than the National Average and Growing

Source: Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics, National Prisoner Statistics 2016

60 86 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Rate Per 100,000 Residents

Nevada Female Imprisonment Rate, 1978-2016

State Average Nevada

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Growth in Nevada’s Female Prison Population Far Outpaces National Trends

• 6%

1% 5% 29%

• 10%
• 5%

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35%

Prison Population Growth in Nevada and U.S. State Institutions by Gender

U.S. State Institutions (2009-2016) Nevada (2009-2017) Male Prison Population Female Prison Population

Source: Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics.

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African Americans Overrepresented in Female Prison Population

White 60% Black 24% American Indian 2% Asian 3% Hispanic 11%

Snapshot of Nevada Female Prison Population by Race and Hispanic Origin, 2017

White 49% Black 10% American Indian 3% Asian 10% Hispanic 28%

U.S. Census Bureau Estimate of Nevada Female Population by Race and Hispanic Origin, 2017

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Average Age of Women in Prison is 37

9% 38% 45% 7% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% 50% 18-24 25-34 35-54 55 and Over

Snapshot of Female Prison Population by Age Cohort, 2017

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More than Half of Female Admissions Present Mental Health Needs

Without Mental Health Needs 48% With Mental Health Needs 52%

Female Prison Admissions by Mental Health Needs, 2017

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Iron Law of Prison Population Growth

Admissions + Time Served = NDOC Population

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Female Prison Admissions Up 39% Over Last Decade

991

• 200

400 600 800 1,000 1,200 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Female Prison Admissions, 2008-2017

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Female Admissions Growth Driven by Community Supervision Violations

50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 New Prisoner Parole Violator Probation Violator Other

Female Prison Admissions by Admission Type, 2008 vs 2017

2008 2017 Parole Violator Admissions Grew 76% Probation Violator Admissions Grew 49%

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Recidivism Rates Have Grown for Female Offenders

23% 29% 28% 29% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% Female Male

36-Month Recidivism Rate by Gender for Cohorts Released, 2009 vs 2014

2009 2014

Source: NDOC Recidivism Analysis for 2009 and 2014 Release Cohorts. Rates released in April 2013 and February 2018. Recidivism rates by gender not published in 2008 release cohort analysis

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Nearly 4 in 5 Female Admissions for Non-Person Crimes

Person 21% Non-Person 79%

Female Prison Admissions by Person Offense, 2017

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Significant Growth in Property and Drug Admissions

50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 Person Property Drug Other

Female Admissions by Offense Type, 2008 vs 2017

2008 2017 Property Admissions Grew 34% Drug Admissions Grew 24%

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Top 10 Offenses for Female Admissions Are Non-Person

Offense 2017 Percent Growth From 2008 Burglary 67 1% Possession of a Controlled Substance, Schedule 1-4 1st Offense 64 14% Attempted Burglary 63 52% Trafficking of a Controlled Substance, Category B 40 29% Possession of a Controlled Substance For Sale, Schedule 1&2, 1st Offense 36 0% Attempted Possession Stolen Vehicle 30 43% Grand Larceny 30 40% Attempted Grand Larceny 27 15% DUI 27

• 11%

Possession Stolen Vehicle 27 11%

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Over Half of Female Admissions Have No Prior Felony Conviction

No Priors 55% 1 to 2 Priors 25% 3+ Priors 20%

Female Prison Admissions by Prior Criminal History, 2017

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Time Served Increased 24% for Female New Prisoners

18.2 14.2 4.3 22.6 16 7.8 5 10 15 20 25 New Prisoners Probation Violators Parole Violators Months

Mean Time Served in Prison and Jail by Female Offenders, 2012 vs 2017

2012 2017

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Time Served Increased Across All Offense Types

28.5 15.5 14 18.2 34.2 18.8 17.7 25.9 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 Person Property Drug Other Months

Mean Time Served in Prison and Jail by Female New Prisoners by Offense Type, 2012 vs 2017

2012 2017 Time Served for Property Offenses Grew 21% Time Served for Drug Offenses Grew 26%

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Min Sentences Are Up 16% and Max Sentences Are Up 12%

58.1 64.8 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 2008 2017 Months

Average Maximum Sentence for Female New Prisoners, 2008 vs 2017

19.4 22.5 5 10 15 20 25 2008 2017 Months

Average Minimum Sentence for Female New Prisoners, 2008 vs 2017

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Iron Law of Prison Population Growth

Admissions + Time Served = NDOC Population

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Overview of Data Trends

Admissions up 39% since 2008 Time served up 24% since 2012 Female Prison Population up 29% since 2009

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Female Prison Population Projected to Grow 14% by 2028

1,297 1,481

200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028

Nevada's Actual and Projected Female Prison Population, 2009-2028 Observed Female Population Projected Female Population

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Impact of Female Prison Population Growth

• Every dollar spent on incarceration is money that could be

used to fund drug treatment or behavioral health programs

• The state’s only female institution is currently over
• capacity. The Department of Corrections will be forced to

construct an additional wing of the prison, at a significant cost

• The reliance on incarceration of women, especially where

adequate treatment and counseling are not available, can compound these problems, create new trauma, and increase recidivism

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Contact

• Contact information

Sam Packard Phone: 617-548-1138 Email: spackard@crj.org Maura McNamara Phone: 617-529-3654 Email: mmcnamara@crj.org

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Disclaimer

This project was supported by Grant No. 2015-ZB-BX-K002 awarded by the Bureau of Justice Assistance. The Bureau of Justice Assistance is a component of the Department of Justice’s Office of Justice Programs, which also includes the Bureau of Justice Statistics, the National Institute of Justice, the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, the Office for Victims of Crime, and the SMART Office. Points of view or opinions in this presentation are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice.