Fundamentals of Programming Session 23 Instructor: Reza - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Fundamentals of Programming Session 23 Instructor: Reza Entezari-Maleki Email: entezari@ce.sharif.edu 1 Fall 2014 These slides have been created using Deitels slides Sharif University of Technology Outlines String-Conversion Functions
Fall 2014
Sharif University of Technology
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Session 23
These slides have been created using Deitel’s slides
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This section presents the string-conversion functions
These functions convert strings of digits to integer and
Figure 8.5 summarizes the string-conversion functions. Note the use of const to declare variable nPtr in the
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This
Figure
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The string-handling library (<string.h>) provides
This section presents the string-manipulation functions
The functions are summarized in Fig. 8.17. Every function—except for strncpy—appends the
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This section presents the string-handling library’s
Fig. 8.20 contains their prototypes and a brief
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This section presents the functions of the string-
The functions are summarized in Fig. 8.22. The
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Function strtok (Fig. 8.29) is used to break a
A token is a sequence of characters separated by
For example, in a line of text, each word can be
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The two remaining functions of the string-handling
Figure
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Structures—sometimes referred to as aggregates—
Structures may contain variables of many different
Consider the following structure definition:
struct
struct card { card { char char *face; *face; char char *suit; *suit; }; };
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The definition of struct card contains members face
Structure members can be variables of the primitive data
As another example consider the following structure:
struct
struct employee { employee { char char firstName firstName[ [ 20 20 ]; ]; char char lastName lastName[ [ 20 20 ]; ]; int int age; age; char char gender; gender; double double hourlySalary hourlySalary; }; };
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A structure cannot contain an instance of itself. For example, a variable of type struct employee cannot be
declared in the definition for struct employee.
A pointer to struct employee, however, may be included. For example,
struct
struct employee2 { employee2 { char char firstName firstName[ 20 ]; [ 20 ]; char char lastName lastName[ 20 ]; [ 20 ]; int int age; age; char char gender; gender; double double hourlySalary hourlySalary; ; struct struct employee2 person; employee2 person; /* ERROR */ /* ERROR */ struct struct employee2 * employee2 *ePtr ePtr; ; /* pointer */ /* pointer */ }; };
struct employee2 contains an instance of itself (person),
which is an error.
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