Food safety throughout the production chain TECHNI CAL UNI VERSI TY - - PDF document

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Food safety throughout the production chain TECHNI CAL UNI VERSI TY - - PDF document

Food safety throughout the production chain TECHNI CAL UNI VERSI TY OF DENMARK Contaminants Feed Chemicals Defining the Responsibilities of Stakeholders Pre-harvest within a National Strategy for Food Safety and Toxins Control


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TECHNI CAL UNI VERSI TY OF DENMARK

Defining the Responsibilities of Stakeholders within a National Strategy for Food Safety and Control

Danilo Lo Fo Wong, MSc, PhD

Danish Zoonosis Centre

  • Dept. of Microbiology and Risk Assessment

National Food Institute Technical University of Denmark

I nternational Symposium

  • n Food Safety, 12 - 13

January 2007, Hong Kong Danilo Lo Fo W ong dw o@food.dtu.dk + 4 5 7 2 3 4 7 0 8 2

Contaminants

  • Chemicals
  • Toxins
  • Residues
  • Micro-organisms

Pre-harvest Transport Harvest Processing Retail Consumers Feed

Food safety throughout the production chain

Danilo Lo Fo W ong dw o@food.dtu.dk + 4 5 7 2 3 4 7 0 8 2

  • Numerous possible routes for introduction and transmission
  • f foodborne pathogens
  • Each link in the chain is responsible for the quality and safety
  • f its products
  • Coordination of control activities
  • Communication between many stakeholders

– Producers – Consumers – Government

Pre-harvest Transport Harvest Processing Retail Consumers Feed

FPD Surveillance from feed-to-food

To form the basis for qualified feedback to stakeholders

Danilo Lo Fo W ong dw o@food.dtu.dk + 4 5 7 2 3 4 7 0 8 2

Main pieces of the food safety puzzle

  • 1. Ministry of Agriculture
  • 2. Ministry of Public Health
  • 3. Food industry
  • 4. Consumers

Danilo Lo Fo W ong dw o@food.dtu.dk + 4 5 7 2 3 4 7 0 8 2

Ministry of Agriculture

  • Take care of the interests of the food producing industry
  • Initiating, implementing and maintaining food safety

programs – Legislative – Technical – Practical

  • Information

– Producers – Veterinarians – Food safety professionals

Danilo Lo Fo W ong dw o@food.dtu.dk + 4 5 7 2 3 4 7 0 8 2

Ministry of Public Health

  • Take care of the interests of the general public
  • Initiating, implementing and maintaining public health

programs – Legislative – Technical – Practical

  • Information

– Public – Medical doctors – Health care workers

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SLIDE 2

Danilo Lo Fo W ong dw o@food.dtu.dk + 4 5 7 2 3 4 7 0 8 2

Food industry

  • Responsible for quality and safety of their products
  • Monitoring programs at various levels of production

– Certification programs – Process control – Final product control – HACCP-based control programs

  • Contribution to national surveillance programs
  • Collaboration with (local) government in case of outbreak

investigation

Danilo Lo Fo W ong dw o@food.dtu.dk + 4 5 7 2 3 4 7 0 8 2

Consumers

  • Influence through demand and willingness-to-pay
  • Consumer organisations

– Consumer interests – Seldom involved in data generation – Driving force behind food safety initiatives

  • Media plays an important role

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Public Health Authorities Veterinary Authorities Food Authorities

  • Nat. Human

Reference Lab

  • Nat. Veterinary

Reference Lab

  • Nat. Food

Reference Lab Non-governmental Organisations Industry Ministry of Agriculture Ministry of Health

Major stakeholders in microbial food safety

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Veterinary Authorities

  • Nat. Food

Reference Lab Non-governmental Organisations Industry Ministry of Agriculture Ministry of Health

Integration = communication

Public Health Authorities Food Authorities

  • Nat. Human

Reference Lab

  • Nat. Veterinary

Reference Lab

Danilo Lo Fo W ong dw o@food.dtu.dk + 4 5 7 2 3 4 7 0 8 2

Public Health Authorities Veterinary Authorities Food Authorities

  • Nat. Human

Reference Lab

  • Nat. Veterinary

Reference Lab

  • Nat. Food

Reference Lab Co-ordinating body collection, collation, analysis, interpretation of data dissemination of information Industry Ministry of Agriculture Ministry of Health

Collaboration & coordination

Non-governmental Organisations

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  • Coordinate multi-disciplinary and multi-sectorial

control and response

  • Levels of collaboration/coordination:

microbiology – epidemiology – risk assessor feed - veterinary – food - medical government – industry – consumers

  • Comparative analysis of data from different sources

animal – food - human Pre-harvest Transport Harvest Processing Retail Consumers Feed

Co-ordinating body

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SLIDE 3

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Main pieces of the food safety puzzle

  • 1. Ministry of Agriculture
  • 2. Ministry of Public Health
  • 3. Food industry
  • 4. Consumers
  • 5. Co-ordinating body

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MoA MoH Co-ordinating body Industry Consumers

National Integrated food safety program

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Tasks for a co-ordinating body

  • Coordinate activities between institutions, authorities,

industry and consumer organisations

  • Perform timely and comprehensive analysis of surveillance

data

  • Disseminate information to all stakeholders
  • Outbreak detection, investigation and response
  • Evaluate effectiveness of control programs and intervention

strategies

  • Conduct epidemiological research and risk assessment

Danilo Lo Fo W ong dw o@food.dtu.dk + 4 5 7 2 3 4 7 0 8 2

EXAMPLES OF INFORMATION OBTAINED THROUGH NATIONAL INTEGRATED FOOD SAFETY PROGRAMS

Danilo Lo Fo W ong dw o@food.dtu.dk + 4 5 7 2 3 4 7 0 8 2

Temporal patterns - Salmonella prevalence in pork and humans

  • 0.3
  • 0.2
  • 0.1

0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999

  • 15
  • 10
  • 5

5 10 15 20

Pork Human cases

Hald T, Andersen JS, 2001.

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AMR resistance in Campylobacter jejuni from farm-to-fork

5 10 15 20 25 Tetracycline Erythromycin Streptomycin Ciprofloxacin Nalidixic acid Broilers Broiler meat Humans

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Automatic outbreak alert system

5 10 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 weeks P a tie n ts patients theoretical outbreak threshhold

5 10 15 20 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 weeks Patients patients theoretical outbreak threshhold

  • S. Infantis
  • S. Java

Danilo Lo Fo W ong dw o@food.dtu.dk + 4 5 7 2 3 4 7 0 8 2

Tracing sources of infection

  • Integrated outbreak investigation

and response

  • multi-disciplinary

microbiology – epidemiology veterinary – human

  • multi-sector

government - industry

  • Strain bank

routine surveillance previous outbreaks epidemiological data

Eggs Beef Eggs Outbreak Imported eggs Pork Eggs Poultry Pork

Danilo Lo Fo W ong dw o@food.dtu.dk + 4 5 7 2 3 4 7 0 8 2

Attributing human cases to food animal reservoirs

Comparison of the number of reported human cases caused by different Salmonella subtypes with the distribution of Salmonella subtypes isolated from the various animal food sources

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Estimated major sources of human salmonellosis in Denmark

Travels (mean: 27.5%) Imported turkey (1.4-3.5%) Imported chicken (6.9-12%) Imported beef (0.5-1.3%) Broilers (1.7-4.6%) Ducks (0.2-1.5%) Imported pork (3-5.5%) Table eggs (5-8.2%) Beef (1.4-2.7%) Pork (5-8.2%) Unknown (26.4-33.6%) Outbreaks unknown source (3.3%) Imported duck (3-5.2%) Danilo Lo Fo W ong dw o@food.dtu.dk + 4 5 7 2 3 4 7 0 8 2

Trends in sources for human salmonellosis

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500

Estimated no. of cases

88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05

Broilers Pork Table eggs

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Conclusion

The attribution method allows us to:

  • evaluate the trends and dynamics of sources to human

salmonellosis

  • support risk managers in their decision of allocating

resources

  • document a need for or effect of surveillance programs
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Danilo Lo Fo W ong dw o@food.dtu.dk + 4 5 7 2 3 4 7 0 8 2

4 C’s of Integrated Food Safety Programs

  • Communication

– regular meetings – direct and informal contact

  • Collaboration

– data exchange – during outbreaks

  • Coordination

– control activities

  • Central database

– monitoring trends – outbreak detection – comprehensive analysis – program evaluation Optim al use of data that already is being generated

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INITIATIVES TOWARDS INTERNATIONAL INTEGRATED FOOD SAFETY PROGRAMS

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EU Member States

Foodborne

  • utbreaks

Animal, food and feed monitoring Zoonoses

DSNs

  • Enter-Net
  • EuroTB

BSN

Communicable diseases

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WHO Global Salm-Surv

Steering Committee 2006

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WHO Global Salm-Surv

Goals:

Strengthen foodborne disease

surveillance systems;

Improve collaboration among

microbiologists and epidemiologists;

Foster collaboration across

sectors. Currently: ~ 900 members from 142 countries

Danilo Lo Fo W ong dw o@food.dtu.dk + 4 5 7 2 3 4 7 0 8 2

Argentina Mexico Poland Thailand Trinidad & Tobago Cameroon Egypt Russia, Moscow China Regional Centre Training sites Brazil Russia, St Petersburg

  • W. Pacific

Proposed training sites Kazakhstan India Kenya

  • S. Africa

Madagascar Argentina Mexico Poland Thailand Trinidad & Tobago Cameroon Egypt Russia, Moscow China Regional Centre Training sites Brazil Russia, St Petersburg

  • W. Pacific

Proposed training sites Kazakhstan India Kenya

  • S. Africa

Madagascar

Regional Training Courses External Quality Assurance System (EQAS) Reference Services Country data bank Electronic Discussion Group Web Site: www.who.int/salmsurv/

WHO Global Salm-Surv

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Danilo Lo Fo W ong dw o@food.dtu.dk + 4 5 7 2 3 4 7 0 8 2 Danilo Lo Fo W ong dw o@food.dtu.dk + 4 5 7 2 3 4 7 0 8 2

Thank you for your attention