Food Forest Gardening Olmec Sinclair multi layered approach to - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Food Forest Gardening Olmec Sinclair multi layered approach to - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Dec 11, 2023 252 likes •885 views

Food Forest Gardening Olmec Sinclair multi layered approach to creating edible landscapes that work in harmony with nature while producing a diverse range of outputs What's wrong with 'normal' farming? Biologically simple Technologically

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Food Forest Gardening

Olmec Sinclair

multi layered approach to creating edible landscapes that work in harmony with nature while producing a diverse range of outputs

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What's wrong with 'normal' farming?

Biologically simple Technologically complex

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Achieves:

✔ Deep compaction ✔ Destroys soil life

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monotonous & ugly!

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Feed the people? Feed the cows!

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Aztec 'city' on lake Texcoco Now Mexico City Floatings gardens (Chinampas)

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Horticultural societies Yanomami – Amazon rainforest Aztec – Mexio city Hunt, gather, forest garden Early agriculture Originates in fertile crescent and spreads (both ideas and genes)

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What is a food forest?

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Blockhill food forest and gardens

  • 1.5 hectares
  • Planting started 2011
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Forest Gardening

  • A natural garden

consisting primarily of annuals located on the sunny edges and clearings in the food forest

  • Can include water

harvesting features such as swales and wood mounds.

  • Biological pest control

and nutrient sources

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Creating a food forest

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November 2011

Empty fj fjeld

  • More design freedom
  • Fewer existing niches
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3 years later

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Maximise edge

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Spiral contains maximum edge

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Exploit positive plant interactions

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Layers / components

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1.Birds - Pest control, nutrient delivery 2.Canopy / climax - large fruit and nut trees, shelter 3.Climbers 4.Low tree – some nuts, dwarf fruit, scafgold 5.Shrub – Berries, currants 6.Herbaceous – Herbs, salad, nutrient accumulators, nectar, insect habitat 7.Animals – Pest control, nutrient delivery and yield 8.Surface – Ground cover 9.Aquatic / wetland 10.Fungi 11.Underground – root vegetables, tubers, rhizomes, helpers (worms etc.)

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Set realistic expectations

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Tomato?

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Perennials!

Plant it once

Fruit & nut trees Berries, brambles, currants etc. Asparagus Rhubarb Artichoke Potato Runner beans Some brassica Some garlic/onions/leeks

Self seeding annuals

Silver beet Kale Many salad greens Carrot Radish Tomato Beans and peas

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Getting a return

Timing of various yields

  • 1. Annual vegetables
  • 2. Chickens for eggs and meat
  • 3. Herbs
  • 4. Berries and currants
  • 5. Plant material (seeds, new

plants, grafting wood)

  • 6. Stone fruit (peach, apricot, plum)
  • 7. Pip fruit (apple, pear, fjg)
  • 8. Firewood
  • 9. Nuts

10.Timber

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Food, Fibre, Medicine

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Hugelkultur – Log fjlled swales

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Exploit the third dimension

Hardy kiwi climbs Italian Alder

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Grape in Tagasaste over citrus

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Locate or create the niche

Avocado under evergreen canopy Inside plastic house

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Tagasaste canopy over young citrus

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Kiwifruit on water tank

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Changes over time

Effort Output Diversity

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Passive irrigation swales

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Passive irrigation swales

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Fertility

(compost tea)

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Chop & drop

Produce your own mulch with frequent trimming of fast growing leafy green trees and shrubs

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Common nitrogen fjxing plants

Small plants & shrubs

  • Clover, vetch, lucerne
  • Peas and beans
  • Lupine
  • Broom
  • Licorice

Small trees

  • Siberian pea tree
  • Tagasaste (tree lucerne)
  • Elaeagnus
  • Sea buckthorn
  • Judas tree

Larger trees

  • Albizia (silk tree)
  • Kowhai
  • Alnus species (alders)
  • Black locust
  • Acacia species (wattles)

Climbers

  • Sweet pea
  • Wisteria
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Animals

Ducks: food, fertility & pest control

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Pigs add fertility

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Chickens eat bugs, break pest cycles

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Working with 'weeds'

Managing natural succession

  • Disruption

– Fire – Erosion / landslip – Overgrazing – Cultivation

  • Pioneers and 'weeds'

– Fast growing – Deep rooted – Soil builders, nutrient

accumulators

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Soil health and improvement

Grow mulch and biomass on site, keep soil covered Use deep rooted plants to break open clay, improve water infjltration and inject

  • rganic mater
  • Fennel
  • Parsnip
  • Radish
  • Dandelion
  • Dock
  • Mullion

Compost everything, burn nothing

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King of the mulch!

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Not just food for people!

  • Stack functions. Planting can provide:

– Wind break – Fodder – Habitat – Fencing – Firewood – Soil improvement

  • Support, scafgold, companion, benefjcial plants
  • Fibre
  • Medicine
  • Fodder, sacrifjce / ofgering for ecosystem

inhabitants

Greenfjnch eat brassica seed

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Umbelliferous fmowering plants for attracting benefjcial insects

  • Parsnip
  • Carrot
  • Celery
  • Parsley
  • Yarrow
  • Fennel & dill
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Planting patterns

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Contour

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Bubble and cluster

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Guilds

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Difgerent root profjle

  • f guild members
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Sheet and contour

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Transforming an existing backyard orchard

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July 2014

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November 2014

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Plant propagation

  • Food forestry

requires a lot of plants

  • Learn to propagate

your own

– Seed saving – Stem and root

cuttings

– Grafting and

budding

Japanese raisin tree

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Tools

Scythe, sickle Loppers and secateurs Pruning saw

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Find out more at

www.blockhill.co.nz