FOCUS GROUPS ScWk 242 Session 4 Slides 2 When to Use Focus - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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FOCUS GROUPS ScWk 242 Session 4 Slides 2 When to Use Focus - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

FOCUS GROUPS ScWk 242 Session 4 Slides 2 When to Use Focus Groups? Definition inition: F : Foc ocus g us groups a oups are a a sm small g ll group of oup of a a se sele lecte ted popula d population tha tion that a t are a


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SLIDE 1

FOCUS GROUPS

ScWk 242 – Session 4 Slides

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SLIDE 2

When to Use Focus Groups?

Definition inition: F : Foc

  • cus g

us groups a

  • ups are a

a sm small g ll group of

  • up of a

a se sele lecte ted popula d population tha tion that a t are a ask sked ope d open- n- ende nded que d questions in a stions in a disc discussion type ussion type atm tmosphe

  • sphere to g

to gene nerate te da data

  • ta. T

. The hey should: y should:

Ø In

Involv

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a c carefully pla fully planne nned disc d discussion ussion

Ø Atte

ttempt to obta pt to obtain pe in perceptions of ptions of a a de define ined inte d interest a st area

Ø Be c

carrie ried out in a d out in a pe perm rmissiv issive, non- , non- thr threate tening e ning envir vironm

  • nment

nt

2

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SLIDE 3

A A Focus

  • cus Gr

Group

  • up Is

Is . . . . .

Who

Ø Usually has approximately

seven to ten people in them

Ø With common characteristics

relating to the discussion topic How

Ø Conducted by a trained

interviewer (moderator, facilitator).

3

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SLIDE 4

Limita Limitations tions of

  • f Focus
  • cus Gr

Groups

  • ups

Ø Risk of biases introduced by the

moderator(s)

Ø Domineering and/or passive

participants

Ø Usually does not provide depth of

information compared to other methods, such as key informant interviews

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SLIDE 5

Moder Moderator’ tor’s s Role

  • le

Ø Stays relaxed and sets tone Ø Introduces and guides the discussion Ø Actively and carefully listens Ø Does NOT participate, or share views, or

engage in the discussion

Ø Does NOT editorialize comments Ø Promotes everyone’s participation Ø Is non-judgmental and respectful

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SLIDE 6

Ad Additional ditional Moder Moderator tor Roles

  • les

Ø Is familiar enough with the questions that

she can ask them in a conversational manner

Ø Gives an appreciative welcome and close

that acknowledges the participants for giving their time and ideas

Ø If possible, the moderator should have a

connection to the group

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SLIDE 7

Notetak Notetaker’ er’s R Role

Ø Tests and places the audio recording equipment

Note: it helps to talk to participants beforehand to gauge and quiet the speakers

Ø Comes prepared with pens and paper Ø Sits in the room during the entire discussion

where they can see & hear the participants

Note: do not sit by the facilitator

Ø Sketches participant seating arrangement

Note: use identifiers other than names

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SLIDE 8

Ad Additional ditional Notetak Notetaker er R Roles

Ø Tries to be aware of correct recording during

the focus group session

Ø Serves as the timekeeper Ø Does not join in conversation - avoids

nodding or reaction

Ø Identifies themes, follow-up questions, body

language, confusion, nonverbal communication (especially when no one is speaking), facial expressions, gestures, signs

  • f agreement, disagreement, frustration,

concern, etc.

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SLIDE 9

Mor More e Notetak Notetaker er R Roles

Ø After the discussion, the notetaker checks

notes for legibility and gaps

Ø The notetaker and moderator should meet

soon after the focus group to review the experience

Ø You should try to be a “fly on the wall”

during the discussion and simply observe

Ø If no one knows you are there, you are

doing a good job!

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SLIDE 10

Getting Getting Star Started ted

Ø Set up the room according to number of people Ø Introduction points to write on flip chart

Helpful Tips:

  • Your comments are confidential. We are taking notes, but not
  • names. Please be respectful of others and the opinions given.
  • Please speak up so we all can hear you.
  • Everyone gets a chance to talk.
  • There are no wrong answers; all comments are important.
  • Please let me know if you have any questions

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SLIDE 11

Ad Additional ditional Star Start-Up t-Up Sug Suggestions gestions

Ø Moderator introduces herself/himself, the

notetaker, and the study

Ø Thanks everyone for coming today Ø Reviews the group’s purpose and goals Ø Explains how the meeting will proceed, and

how members can contribute

Ø Sets the tone by asking an opening question

(such as, “tell us a little bit about yourself”)

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SLIDE 12

During During the the Discussion: Discussion:

  • Be aware of voice recorder function and fidelity, making sure

that soft-spoken individuals speak loud enough, and minimizing any noise that might interfere with the recording

  • Use “Moderator Probes” when needed for clarification
  • Facilitate the discussion so that everyone is included
  • Remind yourself not to share own views on a participant’s

remarks (including “That’s a good point”) as this response may bias the response of the other participants

  • Be aware of how you’re sitting. Make sure that you face

everyone in the group and do not start to lean towards one part of the group that seems more animated and engaged.

  • Don’t be afraid of silence. Give participants the chance to

think about their answers.

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SLIDE 13

Use Use of

  • f Moder

Moderator tor Pr Probes

  • bes
  • Be aware of recording: better to use non-verbal prodding while

someone is talking.

  • Be neutral: don’t react for or against anyone’s statement
  • Body language: nodding head, continued eye contact
  • Vocalizations: “uh, huh…”; “yes…oh, okay…”
  • Reflecting back: “what I understood you to say was…”; “Let

me see if I understood you correctly…”

  • Clarification: “I’m not sure I understand… can you tell me

more…”; “Can you tell me more about why you think it is important”

  • Substitution: “How often do you…”
  • Other examples: “Is there anything else…”; “Could you

explain that to me… I want to be sure I understand…”

  • Timing: Listen for natural breaks in the conversation or

repetition before you move on to the next question.

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SLIDE 14

Closing Closing Steps Steps

Ø When all questions have been asked, ask if

anyone has any other comments to make

Ø Summarize key points based on focus group

discussion

Ø Have we missed anything? Ø Audio taping ends Ø Tell the group about next steps that will occur

and what they can expect to happen

Ø Thank the group for coming Ø Give incentives for participation (if applicable)

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SLIDE 15

Fo Focus Group Analysis Tips

When analyzing focus group data, consider…

Ø Words Ø Context Ø Internal consistency Ø Frequency or extensiveness of comments Ø Intensity of the comments Ø Specificity of responses Ø Find the biggest ideas generated

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SLIDE 16

Comment Comment on

  • n the

the Follo

  • llowing

wing Ima Images ges

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SLIDE 17