SLIDE 1 Fine scale street-level AQ informatics system for exposure
Jimmy Fung
The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
Other collaborators: CERC: Christina M. Hood*, Jenny R. Stocker, David J. Carruthers, William Grayson and Jonathan Handley HKUST: Alexis Lau, NingZhi, David Yeung, Jimmy Chan
SLIDE 2
Measured PM2.5 concentration over China
SLIDE 3 1900 16 cities have population more than 1 million
Cites newly added to each map are in blue.
National Geographic Dec 2011
Rise of the Cities
SLIDE 4 THE FIVE NATIONS WITH THE MOST CITIES OF ONE MILLION OR MORE: CHINA 89 , India ·46, U.S. 42 , Brazil 21 , Mexico 12.
National Geographic Dec 2011
2011 442 cities have population more than 1 million
Rise of the Cities
SLIDE 5
Rapid development over PRD during the past 20 years
The classification of land use in PRD region in year (a) 1988, (b) 1999 and (c) 2010.
SLIDE 6
Ground-level concentration of PM2.5 using satellite remote sensing (2001-2016)
PRD
SLIDE 7 Urban is only small fraction of Earth’s surface (0.5%), but with > 50% of
the world population (3.42b) Cities have a different population/morphology in their built environment
SLIDE 8 Challenge: Urban Air Pollution
- High Population Density
- High Rise Buildings
- High Pollution
- Highly Heterogeneous Environment
Rapidly changing exposure patterns
Heavy traffic activities Trapped by complex morphology
SLIDE 9
Targeted Exposure Management !!
Where are they exposed to the highest dose of air pollutants? Key questions
SLIDE 10 10
Current AQ information available to the public in Hong Kong
http://www.aqhi.gov.hk/en.html
SLIDE 11 What it does not have?
- Location specific air quality forecasts
- How much pollutant an individual is getting
(personalized exposure information) from its daily activity?
- Personalized air quality health impact alert for
sensitive persons
SLIDE 12
Regional Air Quality Forecasts with resolution down to 1km
SLIDE 13 Domain configuration
3km 1km
27km 9km 3km 1km
SLIDE 14
PM2.5 concentration of CMAQ simulation
SLIDE 15
Monthly comparison between observed and forecasted PM2.5
SLIDE 16 Six months of forecast results of PM2.5
Tung Chung station Kwai Chung station
AQG AQG
SLIDE 17 Roadside forecast results from Jan 1 – Jan 31
Roadside Causeway Bay monitoring station
SLIDE 18 Roadside Stations
Deep street canyon
General Stations
SLIDE 19 Hong Kong building heights
meters
SLIDE 20 20
大氣監測走航平台 (MAP) Mobile Air-monitoring Platform
SLIDE 21 21
There are large variabilities in Air Quality that the current AQMS network cannot show
Current AQ information available to the public in Hong Kong
SLIDE 22 Roadway traffic density versus air quality
▪ Mostly "linear" relation
between traffic and pollution levels, but sometimes it is not.
▪ The dispersion capacity
different across roadway network or urban morphology.
AADT
From Ning Zhi
SLIDE 24
SLIDE 26 Spatial distribution of monthly mean PM2.5 with different color bar
Spatial Pattern is Different in Different Months.
30 70
2013 - 08
55 90
2013 - 09
95 130 130
2013 - 10
65 110
2014 - 02
80 170
2013 - 12
50 450
2014 - 01
70 110
2013 - 11
70 120
2014 - 03
75 105
2014 - 04
30 65
2014 - 05
40 95
2014 - 09
35 65
2014 - 07
25 50
2014 - 08
30 65
2014 - 06
SLIDE 27 Annual mean PM2.5 concentration
Simulation Domain
SLIDE 28 The area of each grid is around 100x100 m2 Extract building/ podium plan area inside grid to
calculate λp.
Parameterizing urban morphology
SLIDE 29 λp and average PM2.5 in grid
Mean PM2.5 concentration Blockage parameter
SLIDE 30
Plan Area Index
SLIDE 31 31
Frontal Area Index with Same Color Bar
Projected frontal area Wind direction
SLIDE 32 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 2 4 6 Z (m) U (m/s)
Near-ground neutral velocity profile
Causeway Bay Upstream
Implementation in ADMS-Urban: Velocity
Full profile: detail near ground Causeway Bay example cell
H 36.5 m, g 13.5 m, λp 0.30, λF(90) 0.80 d 19.9 m, z0b 6.5 m
d d
U z
g
SLIDE 33 Model Input
Digital maps of Causeway Bay
(Geometry of the problem)
270E 180E 90E 0E
SLIDE 34 Ref : Traffic Census Transport Department HKSAR
Hennessy Road
Roadside monitoring station
Road network
– downtown of HK
Gloucester Road
SLIDE 35 Concentration of NOx at ground level
Hourly average contour output of NOx concentration at Causeway Bay
Gloucester Road
SLIDE 36 807 668 425 OBS 350 ADMS
Comparison between simulation and observational concentration of NOx at the roadside AQMS
Causeway Bay roadside stations (15 Jan – 15 Feb)
RMS Mean
Julian day
NOx Concentration
(µg/m3)
SLIDE 37 Mean RMS ADMS 86 33 OBS 72 30
Causeway Bay roadside stations (15 Jan – 15 Feb)
Julian day RSP Concentration
(µg/m3)
Comparison between simulation and observational concentration of PM10 at the roadside AQMS
SLIDE 38
Road sources are shown as blue lines
SLIDE 39
SLIDE 40 Comparison between CMAQ and ADMS_RML
CMAQ ADMS-RML
Cannot resolve the mobile source in street canyon Can resolve the mobile source in street canyon
SLIDE 41 Real-time, urban AQ
modelling system that can analyse and forecast (up to 3-day) the AQ in HK down to street levels
Mobile App to allow the
public to query the current and predicted AQ at their specified location(s) Personalised Real time Air quality Informatics System for Exposure
(PRAISE-HK)
SLIDE 42 Personalised short-term
AQ exposure and health
Mobile App (PRAISE-HK) to allow the users to receive AQ
warnings when the pollutants they are sensitive to are predicted to increase, and to query the pollutant exposure for their past and planned trips up to next 72 hours. Personalised Real time Air quality Informatics System for Exposure
(PRAISE-HK)
SLIDE 43 Exposure into human health
Exposure is the sum of concentration of air pollutants over time in different environments
43
80% of our time is spent in indoor environments
SLIDE 44 Sampling Sites in Hong Kong
(High-rise) Building A
Building B
Building C
SLIDE 45 Indoor – outdoor Relationship
Side-by- side comparison
As outdoor PM2.5 raised, indoor followed the trend.
SLIDE 46
To empower the public with personalized air quality information… … so that they can plan their daily activities, reduce their pollutant exposure and hence the associated health impacts
Opportunities
SLIDE 47 Moving Forward: Personalized Real-time Air-quality Information System for Exposure – Hong Kong
Empower the Public with Personalized AQ information
Real time high resolution AQ spatial map Air pollution exposure health-risk review Personal AQ & health alert generator
SLIDE 48 PRAISE – HK
Empower the Public with Personalized AQ information
http://praise.ust.hk
SLIDE 49 More detailed talk on the model system: ADMS-Urban Regional Model Link (RML)
- Oct 25 (Wed), 8:50am-9:10am
- Integrating regional and local modelling to create a
high-resolution air quality forecasting system for Hong Kong By: Christina Hood
Other collaborators: CERC: Christina M. Hood*, Jenny R. Stocker, David J. Carruthers, William Grayson and Jonathan Handley HKUST: Alexis Lau, NingZhi, David Yeung, Jimmy Chan
SLIDE 50
Thank You
