Final Exam Review December 9th 8:00am JFB 101 (this room) Pick up - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Final Exam Review December 9th 8:00am JFB 101 (this room) Pick up - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Sep 22, 2022 137 likes •407 views

Final Exam Review December 9th 8:00am JFB 101 (this room) Pick up midterms from Mirna TA-led review tomorrow from 3-6pm in AEB 320 ASTR/PHYS 1060: The Universe Fall 2019: Final Review 1 Exam Format 2hr time limit: 8:00-10:00am counts

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ASTR/PHYS 1060: The Universe Fall 2019: Final Review

Final Exam Review

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December 9th 8:00am JFB 101 (this room) Pick up midterms from Mirna TA-led review tomorrow from 3-6pm in AEB 320

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Fall 2019: Final Review ASTR/PHYS 1060: The Universe

Exam Format

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2hr time limit: 8:00-10:00am counts 33% more toward your final grade than a midterm, so the exam will be roughly 33% longer (2hr should be plenty of time in other words) Multiple Choice Questions 60-75% of total score Short Answer Questions 40-25% of total score may require calculations, but calculators not needed (or allowed)

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Fall 2019: Final Review ASTR/PHYS 1060: The Universe

Seasons and Moon Phases: it’s all just perspective

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top view side view top view

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Fall 2019: Final Review ASTR/PHYS 1060: The Universe

Kepler’s 3 Laws

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1st Law: Orbits are elliptical 2nd Law: equal areas in equal times 3rd Law: period depends on distance (Period of Planet [in years])2 = (Average Distance of Planet from Star [in AU])3

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Fall 2019: Final Review ASTR/PHYS 1060: The Universe

Newton’s 3 Laws

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1) Law of Inertia: Objects at rest stay at rest, objects in motion stay in motion (Galileo figured this one out) 2) Motion is changed by unbalanced forces acceleration = force / mass 3) Forces always come in pairs and those pairs are always equal in strength but opposite in direction

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ASTR/PHYS 1060: The Universe Fall 2019: Final Review 6

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Fall 2019: Final Review ASTR/PHYS 1060: The Universe

Electromagnetic Spectrum

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Fall 2019: Final Review ASTR/PHYS 1060: The Universe

Telescopes

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Fall 2019: Final Review ASTR/PHYS 1060: The Universe

Any small net spin of the collapsing cloud is amplified as it becomes smaller

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Conservation of Angular Momentum: L = m v r

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Fall 2019: Final Review ASTR/PHYS 1060: The Universe

Mass Distribution in the Solar System

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Sun 99.85%

Outer Planets 0.134% Terrestrial Planets 0.001%

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Fall 2019: Final Review ASTR/PHYS 1060: The Universe

How to find planets

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  • Detect them directly
  • Detect their influence on their star
  • Image the planet
  • Detect its atmosphere in a spectrum




  • Measure light blocked from the star when

the planet eclipses it

  • Measure the star’s motion due to the

planet’s gravity

Direct Imaging Transit Method Radial Velocity Method

λobserved − λemitted λemitted = ∨ c

0.5” 20 AU

HR 8799

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ASTR/PHYS 1060: The Universe Fall 2019: Final Review 12

Luminosity depends on Temperature AND Size Stellar Spectra: blackbody plus absorption lines

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ASTR/PHYS 1060: The Universe Fall 2019: Final Review 13

H-R Diagram

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ASTR/PHYS 1060: The Universe Fall 2019: Final Review 14

Triple-alpha process, burns He —> C in Horizontal Branch phase proton-proton chain burns H —> He, releasing neutrinos and positrons (gamma rays)

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ASTR/PHYS 1060: The Universe Fall 2019: Final Review 15

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ASTR/PHYS 1060: The Universe Fall 2019: Final Review 16

White Dwarf <—> electron degeneracy pressure

if mass exceeds Chandrasekhar limit (1.4 Msun)

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ASTR/PHYS 1060: The Universe Fall 2019: Final Review 17

Massive stars burn up to Fe (iron) in its core, then go supernovae (Type II) Neutron Star <—> neutron degeneracy pressure

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ASTR/PHYS 1060: The Universe Fall 2019: Final Review 18

Neutron Stars Black Holes

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ASTR/PHYS 1060: The Universe Fall 2019: Final Review 19

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ASTR/PHYS 1060: The Universe Fall 2019: Final Review 20

Hubble’s law demonstrates that the universe is expanding

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Fall 2019: Final Review ASTR/PHYS 1060: The Universe

Distance Ladder

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Parallax Spectroscopic Parallax Cepheid Variables Type Ia SNe

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Fall 2019: Final Review ASTR/PHYS 1060: The Universe

Milky Way

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Artist top-down view

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Fall 2019: Final Review ASTR/PHYS 1060: The Universe

Cosmic Microwave Background - leftover radiation from the big bang

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Fall 2019: Final Review ASTR/PHYS 1060: The Universe

Expansion History of Space

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ASTR/PHYS 1060: The Universe Fall 2019: Final Review 25

Angle on the sky Billion light-years

Most Matter (blue) Most Matter (blue) Most normal matter (red)

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ASTR/PHYS 1060: The Universe Fall 2019: Final Review 26

Life needs:

  • organic molecules
  • water
  • energy

The Drake Equation

Dyson Spheres