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E LEMENTS OF A RCHITECTURAL S TRUCTURES : F ORM, B EHAVIOR, AND D ESIGN ARCH 614 D R. A NNE N ICHOLS S PRING 2019 lecture fifteen wood construction: connections Wood Connections 1 Elements of Architectural Structures S2019abn Lecture 15

SLIDE 1

S2019abn Wood Connections 1 Lecture 15 Elements of Architectural Structures ARCH 614

fifteen

wood construction: connections

lecture ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURAL STRUCTURES: FORM, BEHAVIOR, AND DESIGN

ARCH 614

DR. ANNE NICHOLS

SPRING 2019

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S2019abn Wood Connections 2 Lecture 15 Elements of Architectural Structures ARCH 614

Connectors

joining

– lapping – interlocking – butting

mechanical

– “third-elements”

transfer load at a point, line or surface

– generally more than a point due to stresses

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S2019abn Wood Connections 3 Lecture 15 Elements of Architectural Structures ARCH 614

Wood Connectors

adhesives

– used in a controlled environment – can be used with nails

mechanical

– bolts – lag bolts or lag screws – nails – split ring and shear plate connectors – timber rivets

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S2019abn

mechanical

Wood Connections 4 Lecture 15 Elements of Architectural Structures ARCH 614

Wood Connections

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S2019abn Wood Connections 5 Lecture 15 Elements of Architectural Structures ARCH 614

connected members in tension cause

shear stress

connected members in

compression cause bearing stress

Bolted Joints

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S2019abn Wood Connections 6 Lecture 15 Elements of Architectural Structures ARCH 614

Tension Members

members with holes have reduced area
increased tension stress
Ae is effective net area

        

e e t

A T

A P f

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S2019abn Wood Connections 7 Lecture 15 Elements of Architectural Structures ARCH 614

Effective Net Area

likely path to “rip” across
bolts divide transferred force too

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S2019abn Wood Connections 8 Lecture 15 Elements of Architectural Structures ARCH 614

seen when 2 members are connected

Single Shear

d v

P A P f   

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S2019abn Wood Connections 9 Lecture 15 Elements of Architectural Structures ARCH 614

seen when 3 members are connected

Double Shear

2 2 2

d v

P A P A P f     ) 2 ( 2 P P F     

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S2019abn Wood Connections 10 Lecture 15 Elements of Architectural Structures ARCH 614

compression & contact
stress limited

by species & grain direction to load

projected area

Bearing Stress

td P A P f

projected p

 

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S2019abn Wood Connections 11 Lecture 15 Elements of Architectural Structures ARCH 614

Bolted Joints

twisting
tear out

– shear strength – end distance & spacing

Taylor & Line 2002

www.timber.org.au

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S2019abn Wood Connections 12 Lecture 15 Elements of Architectural Structures ARCH 614

Nailed Joints

tension stress (pullout)
shear stress nails presumed to share

load by distance from centroid of nail pattern

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S2019abn Wood Connections 13 Lecture 15 Elements of Architectural Structures ARCH 614

Nailed Joints

sized by pennyweight units / length
embedment length
dense wood, more capacity

*NDS

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S2019abn Wood Connections 14 Lecture 15 Elements of Architectural Structures ARCH 614

plates with

– nails – rivets – bolts

splices
V from beam load

related to Vlongitudinal

Connectors Resisting Beam Shear

x y ya 4” 2” 2” 12” 8” p p p 4.43”

I VQ p V

al longitudin 

p I VQ nF

area connected connector

 

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S2019abn Wood Connections 15 Lecture 15 Elements of Architectural Structures ARCH 614

Vertical Connectors

isolate an area with vertical interfaces

p I VQ nF

area connected connector

 

p p p