Performance Vs. Adaptation Type • Participants were Completion time (seconds) significantly faster using 95 Split Interface than Non- 90 adaptive baseline (p<0.003) 85 80 75 70 None Split Moving
Performance Vs. Adaptation Type • Participants were Completion time (seconds) significantly faster using 95 Split Interface than Non- 90 adaptive baseline (p<0.003) 85 80 75 70 None Split Moving
Performance Vs. Adaptation Type • Participants were Completion time (seconds) significantly faster using 95 Split Interface than Non- 90 adaptive baseline (p<0.003) 85 • Participants were 80 marginally faster using 75 Moving Interface than 70 Non-adaptive baseline None Split Moving (p<0.073)
Performance Vs. Adaptation Type • Participants were Completion time (seconds) significantly faster using 95 Split Interface than Non- 90 adaptive baseline (p<0.003) 85 • Participants were 80 marginally faster using 75 Moving Interface than 70 Non-adaptive baseline None Split Moving (p<0.073)
Performance Vs. Accuracy • Both adaptive 95 interfaces resulted in 90 faster performance at the higher (70%) 85 accuracy level than at 80 the lower (30%) level 75 (p<0.001) 70 30% 70% 30% 70% Split Moving
Frequency of Use Vs. Accuracy
Frequency of Use Vs. Accuracy
Frequency of Use Vs. Accuracy ?
Frequency of Use Vs. Accuracy 19% 81% 30% accuracy
Frequency of Use Vs. Accuracy 7% 93% 70% accuracy 19% 81% 30% accuracy
User Comments Split Interface Moving Interface
User Comments Split Interface Moving Interface - discoverability
User Comments Split Interface Moving Interface - discoverability - poor discoverability
User Comments Split Interface Moving Interface - discoverability - poor discoverability - instability
Exploring the Design Space for Adaptive Graphical User Interfaces
Exploring the Design Space for Adaptive Graphical User Interfaces
Putting It All Together
Putting It All Together Interaction Mechanics stability locality
Putting It All Together Algorithm Interaction Behavior Mechanics frequency of stability adaptation locality accuracy predictability
Putting It All Together Algorithm Context Interaction Behavior Mechanics frequency of interaction stability adaptation frequency locality task accuracy complexity predictability
Interaction Algorithm Context Stability Mechanics Behavior stability frequency of interaction adaptation frequency locality accuracy task User complexity predictability satisfaction Split Interfaces Moving Interface Low stability High stability
Interaction Algorithm Context Stability Mechanics Behavior stability frequency of interaction adaptation frequency locality accuracy task User complexity predictability satisfaction Split Interfaces Moving Interface MS Smart Menus Low stability High stability
Interaction Algorithm Context Stability Mechanics Behavior stability frequency of interaction adaptation frequency locality accuracy task User complexity predictability satisfaction Split Interfaces Moving Interface MS Smart Menus Visual Popout Low stability High stability
Interaction Algorithm Context Mechanics Behavior stability frequency of interaction Locality adaptation frequency locality accuracy task complexity predictability • User comments indicate that, especially for manual tasks, high locality improves discoverability of adaptation.
Adaptation Interaction Algorithm Context Mechanics Behavior stability frequency of interaction adaptation frequency locality accuracy task Frequency complexity predictability Two studies of Split Menus: ↑ Sears and Shneiderman [1994] ↓ Findlater and McGrenere [2004]
Adaptation Interaction Algorithm Context Mechanics Behavior stability frequency of interaction adaptation frequency locality accuracy task Frequency complexity predictability Two studies of Split Menus: ↑ Sears and Shneiderman [1994] adaptation once per user/session ↓ Findlater and McGrenere [2004] adaptation once per interaction
Interaction Algorithm Context Mechanics Behavior stability frequency of interaction Accuracy adaptation frequency locality accuracy task complexity predictability
Interaction Algorithm Context Mechanics Behavior stability frequency of interaction Accuracy adaptation frequency locality accuracy task complexity predictability • Participants performed faster at higher accuracy levels (also in [ Tsandilas and schraefel CHI’05])
Interaction Algorithm Context Mechanics Behavior stability frequency of interaction Accuracy adaptation frequency locality accuracy task complexity predictability • Participants performed faster at higher accuracy levels (also in [ Tsandilas and schraefel CHI’05]) • Participants were more likely to take advantage of adaptation at higher accuracy levels
Interaction Algorithm Context Mechanics Behavior stability frequency of interaction Accuracy adaptation frequency locality accuracy task complexity predictability • Participants performed faster at higher accuracy levels (also in [ Tsandilas and schraefel CHI’05]) • Participants were more likely to take advantage of adaptation at higher accuracy levels • More disorienting interfaces affected more by reduced accuracy [ Tsandilas and schraefel CHI’05]
Interaction Algorithm Context Mechanics Behavior stability frequency of interaction Predictability adaptation frequency locality accuracy task complexity predictability A study in progress!
Interaction Interaction Algorithm Context Mechanics Behavior stability frequency of interaction adaptation frequency locality accuracy task Frequency complexity predictability Two studies of adaptive deep hierarchical menus: ↑ Greenberg and Witten [1985] ↕ Trevellyan and Browne [1987]
Interaction Interaction Algorithm Context Mechanics Behavior stability frequency of interaction adaptation frequency locality accuracy task Frequency complexity predictability Two studies of adaptive deep hierarchical menus: ↑ Greenberg and Witten [1985] 30 interactions per trial ↕ Trevellyan and Browne [1987] 100 interactions per trial: -- first 30 positive -- last 30 neutral or negative
Interaction Algorithm Context Mechanics Behavior stability frequency of interaction Task Complexity adaptation frequency locality accuracy task complexity predictability Experiment 1 Experiment 2 Split Moving Split Moving Interface Interface Interface Interface - stability - semantic - discoverability - discoverability grouping - poor - poor - instability - instability discoverability discoverability
Interaction Algorithm Context Mechanics Behavior stability frequency of interaction Task Complexity adaptation frequency locality accuracy task complexity predictability Experiment 1 Experiment 2 Split Moving Split Moving Interface Interface Interface Interface - stability - semantic - discoverability - discoverability grouping - poor - poor - instability - instability discoverability discoverability
Conclusions
Conclusions Split Interface Moving Interface Visual Popout
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