Experimental Activities in Europe P. Rullhusen IRMM - Institute - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

1

• P. Rullhusen

IRMM - Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements

Geel - Belgium

http://irmm.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ http://www.jrc.ec.europa.eu/

Joint Research Centre (JRC)

Experimental Activities in Europe

2

• P. Rullhusen WPEC JAEA 4-6 June 2008

EFNUDAT: network of European Facilities for Nuclear Data Measurements

slides borrowed from recent EFNUDAT workshop at FZD CENBG Bordeaux (coord.) France IPNO Orsay France JRC/IRMM Geel European Commission IKI Budapest Hungary FZK Karlsruhe Germany FZD Rossendorf Germany PTB Braunschweig Germany UU-TSL Uppsala Sweden CEA/DAM Bruyères-le-Châtel France CERN/ n_TOF Geneva Switzerland NPI Řež Czech Republic

Minor actinides neutron-induced fission cross sections

• G. Kessedjian1, B. Jurado1, M. Aiche1, G. Barreau1, A. Bidaud1,
• S. Czajkowski1, D. Dassié1, B. Haas1, L. Mathieu1, B. Osmanov1,
• L. Audouin2, N. Capellán2, L. Tassan-Got2, J. N. Wilson2,
• E. Berthoumieux3, F. Gunsing3, Ch. Theisen3, O. Serot4, E. Bauge5,
• I. Ahmad6, J.P. Greene6, R.V.F. Janssens6, F.-J. Hambsch7,
• S. Oberstedt7, I. AlMahamid8

1 CEN Bordeaux Gradignan, France 2 IPN Orsay, France 3 CEA Saclay, France 4 CEA Cadarache, France 5 CEA, Bruyères-le-Châtel, France 6 Argonne National Lab., U.S.A. 7 IRMM, Belgium 8 Laboratory of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry, USA

Experimental set-up IRMM(Geel,NUDAME) & AIFIRA (CENBG)

n p

243Am

Polypropylene (C3H6)n Si Telescope Solar cells Neutron detector

Results

243Am(n,f)

0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0 2,5 3,0 0,0 2,0 4,0 6,0 8,0 10,0 12,0

En (MeV) ♦(n,f) (b)

Knitter et al (b) Laptev et al (b) B,I,Fursov+ JENDL-3.3 ENDF/B-VI CENBG

σ(n,f)(b)

Cm and Am fission cross sections via 3He-induced reactions

242Cm 244Cm 243Cm

243Am

+n +n

3He 242Am

(3He,d) (3He,t) (3He,α)

241Am

+n

T1/2=432a T1/2=162d T1/2=29a T1/2=7380a

Cm and Am fission cross sections via 3He-induced reactions

242Cm 244Cm 243Cm

243Am 243Am

+n +n

3He 242Am

(3He,d) (3He,t) (3He,α)

241Am

+n

T1/2=432a T1/2=162d T1/2=29a T1/2=7380a

Experimental set-up at IPN Orsay

ΔE E

3He (24 & 30 MeV)

(x= p,d,t,α) Fission Fragment

Fission Detectors Si Telescopes

243Am-target

Experimental set-up at IPN Orsay

ΔE E

3He (24 & 30 MeV)

(x= p,d,t,α) Fission Fragment

Fission Detectors Si Telescopes

243Am-target

Preliminary Results!

243Am(3He,t)243Cm 242Cm(n,f) 241Am(n,f) 243Am(3He,α)242Am 243Am(3He,t)243Cm 242Cm(n,f) 243Am(3He,t)243Cm 242Cm(n,f) 241Am(n,f) 243Am(3He,α)242Am

Preliminary Results!

243Am(3He,d)244Cm 243Cm(n,f)

Preliminary Results!

243Am(3He,d)244Cm 243Cm(n,f)

0,0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1,0

)

0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0 2,5

Petit et al. endf 6.8 jendl 3.3 nos résultats Model

En[MeV]

• S. Boyer, PhD Thesis, Université Bordeaux (2004)

σγ [b] σ(n,γ) du 233Pa

3He+232Th→(234Pa)*+p

0,0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1,0

)

0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0 2,5

Petit et al. endf 6.8 jendl 3.3 nos résultats

0,0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1,0

)

0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0 2,5

Petit et al. endf 6.8 jendl 3.3 nos résultats Model

En[MeV]

• S. Boyer, PhD Thesis, Université Bordeaux (2004)

σγ [b] σ(n,γ) du 233Pa

3He+232Th→(234Pa)*+p

1

• P. Rullhusen WPEC JAEA 4-6 June 2008

fission: 231Pa(n,f) 235U(n,f), prompt n spectra 239Pu(n,f) prompt n multiplicities 236U(n,f), 245Cm(n,f) (Univ. Gent) shape isomers in 235U, 239U (with Univ. Örebro) ternary fission in 244Cm(s.f.), 250Cf(s.f.), 251Cf(n,f) (Univ. Gent) (n,α) cross sections: 10B(n,α)7Li x-sects. at GELINA 16O(n,α)13C Activation: W, Ta, Zr, Hf

• ngoing exp. activities

Total and Capture cross-sections: 197Au capture (with INFN, EFNUDAT, IAEA-CRP) 209Bi branching ratio (with IKI, CEA) 241Am tot, capt, (n,2n) (with ITU, CEA) Cd (with IAEA, INFN) 176,177,178,179Hf (with INRNE, Univ. Birmingham) 103Rh, 133Cs, 155Gd (with ORNL) 55Mn (with ORNL, IAEA-CRP) nat,96Zr, 182,184W (with INFN, IAEA-CRP) (n,n’γ) , (n,xnγ): 52Cr, 206Pb, Fe, Si 235U(n,2nγ) (Univ. Strasbourg) (n,n): D, Fe NRCA, NRTA: imaging (ANCIENT CHARM, CHI3) technical developments: NEPTUNE, N(d,n), TPC, VERDI, GAINS, GENDARC

2

• P. Rullhusen WPEC JAEA 4-6 June 2008

241Am(n,2n)

3

• P. Rullhusen WPEC JAEA 4-6 June 2008

On-going analysis : fitting with Dopush option (Doppler : harmonic crystal model, using a Np phonon spectrum)

241Am σtot

4

• P. Rullhusen WPEC JAEA 4-6 June 2008

56Fe(n,n’γ)

consistency check: gamma production cross section for the strongest transition

1 2 4000 8000 12000 16000 σ (barn) En (keV) LAS, USA., 2004 ORL, USA, 1991 IRMM (4mm sample) IRMM (1mm sample) IRMM (3mm sample)

Total inelastic cross section

1 2 1000 2000 3000 4000 σ (barn) En (keV) JEFF 3.1 IRMM - 2007 1 2 4000 8000 12000 16000 σ (barn) En (keV) JEFF 3.1 IRMM - 2007

5

• P. Rullhusen WPEC JAEA 4-6 June 2008

10B(n,α) setup at GELINA

Multi-plate IC with two thin B and two 235U samples, in pairs back to back 16 input signals from the IC Low noise and temperature stabilized environment Data acquisition and analysis still ongoing

10B 235U 235U 10B 10B 235U 235U 10B

Measurements up to 3 MeV for branching ratios, angular distributions and cross sections

6

• P. Rullhusen WPEC JAEA 4-6 June 2008

16O(n,α0)13C data, status 2007

• Fig. 1 High resolution T(p,n) data below 4.4 MeV (red points). Problem: high background-to-signal ratio

in the 238U neutron monitor due to the silver backing of the TiT target. Rough correction estimation for background included. Low resolution D(d,n) data in the range of the 5.05 MeV resonance (black points). 3.7 3.8 3.9 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30

IRMM data: PRELIMINARY !!! Giorginis, Khryachkov, Corcalciuc, Kievets Neutron source 2006 reaction: D(d,n)

3He

target: gas D, 20 kPa target window: 5 μm Mo Neutron source 2007 reaction: T(p,n)

3He

target: TiT, 214 μg/cm

2

target backing: Ag

16O(n,α0) 13C

ENDF/B-VI.8 (2001) ENDF/B-VII.0 (2006) ENDF/B-VII.NEW (2007) = ENDF/B-VII.0*1.0 IRMM ExpData (2006) IRMM ExpData (2007)

Cross section (b) Neutron energy (MeV)

7

• P. Rullhusen WPEC JAEA 4-6 June 2008

Low resolution T(p,n) data below 5.2 MeV (red points) Agreement with the low resolution D(d,n) data in the range of the 5.05 MeV resonance (black points) The ENDF/B-VII.0 (magenta) and ENDF/B-VII.0 corrected upwards by 17% (green)

3.7 3.8 3.9 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 0.00 0.04 0.08 0.12 0.16 0.20 0.24 0.28 0.32

Neutron source 2008 reaction: T(p,n)

3He

target: TiT, 1941 μg/cm

2

target backing: Ag Neutron source 2006 reaction: D(d,n)

3He

target: gas D, 20 kPa target window: 5 μm Mo IRMM data: PRELIMINARY !!! Giorginis, Khryachkov, Corcalciuc, Kievets

16O(n,α0) 13C

ENDF/B-VI.8 (2001) ENDF/B-VII.0 (2006) ENDF/B-VII.NEW (2008) = ENDF/B-VII.0*1.171 IRMM ExpData (2006Jul) IRMM ExpData (2008Apr)

Cross Section (b) Neutron Energy (MeV)

16O(n,α0)13C

comparison to ENDF/B-VII.0

8

• P. Rullhusen WPEC JAEA 4-6 June 2008

16O(n,α0)13C

Low resolution T(p,n) data below 5.2 MeV (red points) Convolution of ENDF/B-VII.0 with the energy resolution function (magenta) Convolution adjusted in height to fit to the IRMM data (green).

3.7 3.8 3.9 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 0.00 0.04 0.08 0.12 0.16 0.20 0.24

16O(n,α0) 13C

IRMM data: PRELIMINARY !!! Giorginis, Khryachkov, Corcalciuc, Kievets Neutron source 2008 reaction: T(p,n)

3He

target: TiT, 1941 μg/cm

2

target backing: Ag Convolution: ENDF/B-VII.0 with ΔΕ Convolution*1.171 IRMM ExpData (2008Apr)

Cross Section (b) Neutron Energy (MeV)

status May 2008

9

• P. Rullhusen WPEC JAEA 4-6 June 2008

235U(n,f), 239Pu(n,f)

Array of 8 DEMON neutron detectors (on loan) Double Frisch grid ionisation chamber Combined digital and analogue signal acquisition Digital signal processing GELINA ToF 10m station Ongoing activity Tests with 252Cf(SF)

prompt neutron emission in resonances

10

• P. Rullhusen WPEC JAEA 4-6 June 2008

235U(n,f)

prompt neutron emission in resonances

70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 2 4 6 8

YIELD [%] MASS [amu] 235U(nres,f)

1000 2000 3000 2000 4000 6000 8000

Counts TOF [arbitrary]

235U(nres,f)

15μsec threshold

11

• P. Rullhusen WPEC JAEA 4-6 June 2008

2 4 6 8 10 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2

Jan08-R90 Jan08-L90 Jan08-R150 Apr07-R90 Apr07-L120 Apr07-R150 Jul06-R90 Jul06-L120 ENDF/B-VII

R(E), <E>=2.002MeV E, MeV

235U Spectrum shape - all measurements

235U(n,f) n spectrum

12

• P. Rullhusen WPEC JAEA 4-6 June 2008

Three-source model

2 4 6 8 10 12 0,0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1,0 1,2 1,4 1,6

90-deg SCN, α=0.4 LA(A+1) LA(A) total

R(E), <E>=2.004MeV E, MeV LA shape is due to inverse x-section dependence in optical model calculation

235U(n,f) n spectrum

13

• P. Rullhusen WPEC JAEA 4-6 June 2008

235U Spectrum shape compared to three-source model 2 4 6 8 10 12 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2

R(E), <E>=2.002MeV E, MeV blue line: α = 0.6; green: α = 0.4; red: α = 0.2 α is the share of the low energy SCN component

235U(n,f) n spectrum

14

• P. Rullhusen WPEC JAEA 4-6 June 2008

252Cf(SF) single fission fragment

TOF distribution measured with two poly-crystalline CVD diamond detectors.

Status of the VERDI FF TOF spectrometer

technical developments

Fission fragments taken with a 7 PIPS detectors array in coincidence with a pcCVD diamond detector as time pick-off

Dresden, 13-15 Jan. 2008

IKI in transmutation research

• T. Belgya and Zs. Revay

Institute of Isotopes Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1525, POB 77, Budapest, Hungary *E-mail: Belgya@IKI.KFKI.HU, http://www.iki.kfki.hu/nuclear/

EFNUDAT 1st YEAR workshop

The Budapest Research Reactor and BNC

The PGAA The PGAA-

• NIPS facility

NIPS facility

1m

99Tc measurements at our PGAA &

NIPS facilities

NH4TcO4 PGAA (partial cross section) 99Tc(n,γ) PGAA (rel. γ intensities) 99Tc(n,γ) Chopped beam PGAA (100Tc β- decay rel. γ intensities) Evaluation is in progress:

• 99Tc(n,γ γ)

Coincidence (decay scheme)

• 99Tc(d,p)100Tc

High resolution proton spectrum (level scheme)

measured at , TU Munich

Eγ [keV]

1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000

Counts/channel

100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109

5000 6000 7000 102 103 104 100 200 300 400 500 600 105 106 107 108

Typical (n,γ) spectrum (99Tc 0.5 g sample)

Inferred total thermal-neutron capture cross section of 99Tc

• H. Pomerance 1975

19±2 b pile oscillator R.B. Tattersall 1960 16 ±7 b pile oscillator N.J. Pattenden 1958 25 ±2 b transmission

• M. Lucas 1977

20 ±2 b mass spectrometer V.V. Ovechkin 1973 24 ±4 b activation

• H. Harada 1995

22.9 ±2.6 b activation Mughabgab 2003 20 ±1 evaluation INDC(NDS)-440 Literature: EXFOR database Method Basis σ (b) Comment

100Tc(β-)100Ru

539 γ 24.7±2.3 with Pγ Furutaka et al. 591 γ 23.9 ±1.8 Average 24.3 ±2.2 unweighted average

99Tc(n,γ)100Tc

∑ σγ g.s. 21.21±0.17 lower limit

127,129I chopped beam (n,γ) spectra

Eγ (keV)

500 1000 1500 2000

Counts

101 102 103 104 105 106 107

Eγ (keV) 400 450 500 550 600 Counts

102 103 104 105 106 107

128I(β-)128Xe 443 keV 130I(β-)130Xe 536 keV 207Bi 569 keV 207Bi 1063 keV

536 739 669 417

Results for 129I Xsection

Year Author Method σth (b) 1956 Purkayastha et al. Activation reactor 35 1958 Roy et al. Activation reactor 26.7(20) 1963 Pattenden et al. TOF 28(2) 1969 Block et al. TOF 31(4) 1983 Friedmann et al. Activation reactor 33.9(19) 1996 Nakamura et al. Activation reactor 30.3(12) 2007 Belgya et al. Chopped cycl. act. 30.6(11)

• Ref. Xsec:
• T. Belgya, et al. ND2007 conference

Chopper:

• L. Szenetmiklósi, et al. NIM A 564 (2006) 655–661

Rate distribution for Am-241 in cold beam

1E+2 1E+3 1E+4 1E+5 1E+6 1E+7 1E+8 1E+9 1E+10 0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 En (eV) Rate /mg/dE 1E+2 1E+3 1E+4 1E+5 Normalised flux Cross section (b)

Flux (cm-2 s-1 dE-1) Rate /mg/dE Cross section (b)

thermal energy >99.96% <0.04%

Institute of Radiation Physics Arnd Junghans www.fzd.de 13.02.2008

The nELBE time of flight facility

ELBE accelerator nELBE photo neutron source Detection setup Commissioning results Outlook

• A. R. Junghans, E. Altstadt, C. Beckert, R. Beyer, V. Galindo, E. Grosse, R. Hannaske,
• J. Klug, D. Legrady, B. Naumann, C. Rouki, K. D. Schilling, S. Schneider, R. Schlenk,
• R. Schwengner, A. Wagner, F.-P. Weiss

Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf

• R. Nolte, S. Röttger

Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Braunschweig

Institute of Radiation Physics Arnd Junghans www.fzd.de 13.02.2008

FZ Dresden-Rossendorf invites external groups for experiments at ELBE

ELBE: Electron Linear accelerator with high Brilliance and low Emittance

Ee ≤ 40 MeV Ie ≤ 1 mA Micropulse duration Δt < 10 ps f = 13 MHz/2n

Institute of Radiation Physics Arnd Junghans www.fzd.de 13.02.2008

Neutron time of flight experiment: nELBE

W target generator

• liq. Pb radiator

Institute of Radiation Physics Arnd Junghans www.fzd.de 13.02.2008

The nELBE setup: design aspects

• ELBE Electron beam up to 40 MeV

– bunch charge 80 pC (thermionic injector) – pulse length Δt < 10 ps – micropulse repetition rate 13 MHz/2n

• For time of flight measurements:

micropulse repetition rate 100 kHz – 500 kHz average current 8 – 39 μA (beam power 250 – 1300 W)

• Future: SRF photo injector (high charge mode 2 nC)

500 kHz / 1mA or smaller rate with reduced beam current

• Flight path 4.0 - 8.0 m
• Neutron intensity 1.5·107 cm-2 s-1
• Neutron energy range 100 keV < En < 10 MeV

(energy range similar to a fast reactor)

• Neutron energy resolution ΔE/E < 1 % at 6.0 m flight path

Institute of Radiation Physics Arnd Junghans www.fzd.de 13.02.2008

nELBE Photo-neutron source

ELBE electron beam nELBE neutron beam

• perational with ELBE electron beam

liquid Pb loop as neutron radiator

Institute of Radiation Physics Arnd Junghans www.fzd.de 13.02.2008

nELBE experimental setup

5 plastic scintillators for neutron time of flight measurement detectors 2 and 4 are 22 mm thick detectors 1,3,5 are 11 mm thick Pb shield (d=1 cm) to suppress background.

• R. Beyer et al.,

NIM A 575 (2007) 449 neutron beam

1 2 3 4 5

beam profile monitor BaF2 array lead shield

Institute of Radiation Physics Arnd Junghans www.fzd.de 13.02.2008

Al-Transmission measurements

Talys

prelim. Al target: n*d = 0.242 barn-1 measurement time = 33 h ΔE/E = 0.7% @ 2 MeV (Δσ/σ)stat = 4.5% @ 2 MeV

Institute of Radiation Physics Arnd Junghans www.fzd.de 13.02.2008

Institute of Radiation Physics Arnd Junghans www.fzd.de 13.02.2008

Institute of Radiation Physics Arnd Junghans www.fzd.de 13.02.2008

Institute of Radiation Physics Arnd Junghans www.fzd.de 13.02.2008

Institute of Radiation Physics Arnd Junghans www.fzd.de 13.02.2008

1

Investigation of the 15N(p,n) Reaction for Use as a Neutron Source in Scattering Experiments

Erik Pönitz, Dankwart Schmidt, Ralf Nolte, Guochang Chen PTB Braunschweig

2

PTB TOF PTB TOF Spectrometer Spectrometer

Detectors: NE213 liquid scintillation detectors D1: Ø 4” × 1” D2 – D5: Ø 10” × 2” Flight path: 12 m

Projectile energies: Reaction: Energy range: d 3 MeV – 13 MeV D(d,n), Q = +3.27 MeV 6 MeV – 15 MeV p 2 MeV – 19 MeV

15N(p,n), Q = -3.54 MeV

3

4 5 6 7 8 9 10 100 200 300 400

σ / mb

proton energy Ep / MeV

Barnett PTB Hansen, Stelts Wong Jones Chew Byrd Murphy Sajjad

Existing

15N(p,n) cross section data

´´data cloud´´ ⇒ adjustment possible ?

4

4 5 6 7 8 9 10 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

σ / mb

proton energy Ep / MeV

Barnett / (1.21+0.06*Ep / MeV) PTB Hansen, Stelts unadjusted Wong * (0.449+0.056*Ep / MeV) Jones piecewise adjustment Chew * 0.94 Byrd - no adjustment required Murphy * 0.87 Sajjad * (1.511-0.036*Ep / MeV)

15N(p,n) cross section data with adjustment

5

Cross Cross Section Section Measurements Measurements

0° 30° 60° 90° 120° 150° 180° 5 10 15 20 25 30

dσ/dΩ / mb sr

• 1

angle θcm

PTB, En(0°) = 2.23 MeV Legendre polynomial fit Hansen et. al. (1963) Jones et. al. (1958)

15N(p,n) angular distribution, Ep = 5.82 MeV

Ep = 5.92 MeV, Δσ/σ = 10 % Ep = 5.887 MeV, Δσ/σ = 50%

6

Cross Cross Section Section Measurements Measurements

0° 30° 60° 90° 120° 150° 180° 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

dσ/dΩ / mb sr

• 1

angle θcm

PTB, Ep = 7.71 MeV Murphy et. al. (1981)

15N(p,n) angular distribution

Ep = 7.69 MeV, Δσ/σ = 5% - 7%

7

Data Analysis Data Analysis

Comparison of experimental with simulated TOF spectra (Monte-Carlo code STREUER): Iterative improvement of cross section data

200 300 400 500 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000

events per charge preset TOF channel, 1.08 ns/ch

Experiment STREUER Calculations: complete TOF spectrum separate levels

207Pb(n,n1), 206Pb(n,n1), 207Pb(n,n2) 207Pb, E2 = 898 keV 206Pb, E1 = 803 keV 207Pb, E1 = 570 keV natPb elastic scattering

elastic peak - right ordinate inelastic peaks - left ordinate

TOF spectra, Det. 5, Pb sample, θlab = 130°

8

Results Results

Experiment: σel = (6.70 ± 0.15) b ENDF: σel = 6.72 b JENDL: σel = 6.45 b

0° 30° 60° 90° 120° 150° 180° 100 1000 10000

dσ/dΩ / mb/sr angle (center of mass) θcm

ENDF/B-VI.8 JENDL 3.3 PTB preliminary Legendre polynom fit lmax = 7

Elastic Scattering,

natPb, En = 2.94 MeV

9

Results Results

0° 30° 60° 90° 120° 150° 180° 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

dσ/dΩ / mb/sr angle (center of mass) θcm

ENDF/B-VI.8 JENDL 3.3 PTB preliminary Legendre polynom fit, lmax = 2

Angular Distribution

206Pb(n,n1), En=2.94 MeV

10

Results Results

1 2 3 4 5 6 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

σ / b

Incident neutron energy En / MeV

ENDF/B-VI.8 JENDL 3.3 BROND 2.2 JEFF 3.1 Ramström et. al. AE Studsvik 1975 Abdel-Harith et. al. TU Dresden 1976 Konobeevskij et. al. Fiz.Inst. Lebedev 1974 PTB preliminary

206Pb(n,n1) cross section

11

1 2 3 4 5 6 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2

σ / b

Incident neutron energy En / MeV

ENDF-B/VI.8 JENDL 3.3 BROND 2.2 JEFF 3.1 AE 1975 TUD 1976 PTB preliminary

207Pb(n,n1) cross section

Status and prospects of TSL neutron facilities

pernilla.andersson@tsl.uu.se 1

TSL – The Svedberg Laboratory

• Broad proton beam
• Quasi monoenergetic neutron beam
• White neutron beam

pernilla.andersson@tsl.uu.se 2

Monoenergetic neutron beam

• Neutron production: 7Li (p,n)
• Peak neutron energy: 11 – 174 MeV
• Characterized neutron fields: 11, 22, 47,

94, 143, 174 MeV

• Peak neutron flux: 1·104 - 5·105 cm-2 s-1
• Beam diameter: 0 – 30 cm close to

production target 1 m at larger distances

pernilla.andersson@tsl.uu.se 3

White neutron beam – ANITA

Atmospheric-like Neutrons from thIck Target

• 180 MeV proton beam on a full-stop tungsten

target

• First run in March 2007 – results are available
• Neutron flux: ~106 cm-2 s-1 at collimator exit
• No charged particles observed

pernilla.andersson@tsl.uu.se 4

SCANDAL

SCAttered Neutron Detection AssembLy

• Two identical

arms

• Neutron detection

by conversion into protons

• Large solid angle
• All angles

measured simultaneously

5 pernilla.andersson@tsl.uu.se

6 pernilla.andersson@tsl.uu.se

SCANDAL

6 pernilla.andersson@tsl.uu.se

• SCANDAL is being upgraded with new

thicker CsI scintillators for measurements at higher energies: 180 MeV

The future at TSL

• 180 MeV protons only?

⇒ White neutron beam ⇒ One single energy for the monoenergetic neutron beam ⇒ Anyone who wants to use the TSL facility at any other energy must hurry up!

pernilla.andersson@tsl.uu.se 7

Status of the CERN n_TOF facilty Status of the CERN n_TOF facilty

Vasilis.Vlachoudis@cern.ch EFNUDAT Workshop FZD, 13-15/2/2008

FOR MORE INFO...

http://cern.ch/ntof

Target Inspection

Vasilis Vlachoudis AB-ATB-EET 2 2

Pitting corrosion caused a

hole at the proton impact location

Important surface oxidation

due to rupture of protection layer when the drying (heating) was performed (flush)

Target shape didn’t allow for

a correct water flow at the entrance face

Modular assembly

lead to a mechanical instability and deformation

Plume due to the boiling water

The very hot (boiling) water carries more oxygen, thus allowing the Pb to change its oxidation state to higher values: Pb → Pb2+ + 2e- Pb → Pb4+ + 4e- Hydroxides are formed and a very acid local medium which attacks the metal is produced: Pb2+ + 2H2O → Pb(OH)2+ 2H+ Pb4+ + 4H2O → Pb(OH)4+ 4H+

Pb

H+

Pb+ 4 Pb+ 2 Pb+ 2 Pb+ 2

H+ H+

Electron flow

Pitting Corrosion

CIEMAT

New Target Design

4

Lead Volume = 100 l, ~ 1130 kg Lead Volume = 100 l, ~ 1130 kg

Summary

n_TOF has produced a numerous and unique results on both

capture and fission cross section, during the 4 years of operation 2001-04

Stopped for 2 years due to radioprotection issues The target investigation helps us to understand the problems A new design has been envisaged to address these problems Pending approval from an external review (14/2/2008) Scheduled to be operational in Sep 2008

Vasilis Vlachoudis AB-ATB-EET 5

Experiments approved by INTC:

CERN-INTC-2006-006 (INTC-P-204): Proposed study of the neutron-neutron interaction at the CERN nTOF facility

2H(n,np)n at 30-75 MeV

Experiments approved by INTC:

CERN-INTC-2006-012 (INTC-P-208): The role of Fe and Ni for s-process nucleosynthesis in the early Universe and for innovative nuclear technologies

54,56,57,58Fe(n,γ) and 60,61,62,64Ni(n,γ) at 100 eV – 500 keV

C6D6 detectors and 4π BaF2 array

Experiments approved by INTC:

CERN-INTC-2006-016 (INTC-P-209): Angular distributions in th eneutron-induced fission of actinides

235,238U(n,f) and 232Th(n,f)

modified PPAC array

Facilities Facilities in the in the Nuclear Nuclear Physics Physics Institute Institute Academy Academy of

• f Sciences

Sciences of the Czech Rep.

• f the Czech Rep.,

, Ř Ře ež ž

A.Kugler NPI ASCR

Application of nuclear physics methods

• radiopharmaceutical production and R&D
• testing of semiconductor detectors using fast neutrons
• obtaining nuclear data needed for ADS and IFMIF technologies

(Accelerator Driven Systems, International Fusion Material Irradiation Facility)

• Rutherford Back Scattering (RBS)
• Elastic Recoil Detection Analysis (ERDA)
• Proton Induced X-Ray Emission (PIXE)
• Proton Induced Gamma-Ray Emission (PIGE)

Tandetron

• neutron activation analysis (NAA)
• neutron depth profiling (NDP)

Isochronous cyclotron research reactor LVR-15 (property of NRI)

13.2.2008 Dresden 3

Isochronous cyclotron accelerator U-120M

Main Activities at U-120M:

• radiopharmaceutical production

and R&D

• fast neutron studies
• nuclear astrophysics

ion E [MeV] Imax [μA] p (internal) p (external) H− (external) 10–38 10–25 10–38 100 5 15–40 d (internal) d (external) D− (external) 10–20 10–20 10–20 80 5 10–25

3He (internal) 3He (external)

17–53 17–53 20 2 α (internal) α (external) 20–40 20–40 40 5

Radiophar. production

Fast neutron facility at cyclotron U-120M

Target station NG1 (positive ions) ion E [MeV] Imax [μA] protons deutrons

3He

12–22 12–18 20–55 2 4 2 Target station NG2 (negative ions) protons deutrons 16–20 20–36 ~20 up to 40 ~20 8

Radiophar. production

Reactor LVR 15, NRI Rez, CZ

• reactor power 10 MW
• thermal flux in the core 1.5 1018 ns-1m-2
• beam tube 1 1013 ns-1m-2
• fuel enrichment 36% 235U
• light water moderated and cooled

6

Tandetron 4130 MC

Analytical methods:

• RBS (Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry)
• ERDA - TOF (Elastic Recoil Detection Analysis)
• RBS-channeling
• PIXE (Particle Induced X-Ray Spectroscopy)
• PIGE (Particle Induced Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy)
• Microbeam and external beam will be

available soon

PI XE,

• ext. beam

micro beam RBS channeling implantation

Electrostatic accelerator terminal voltage: 200 kV-3MV H-Au ions Energies: 100 keV - ~10 MeV ion current: ~ μA Start of operation: May 2006

13.2.2008 Dresden A.Kugler NPI ASCR 7

Microtron MT25

• Before modernization

After modernization

• Maximum energy

25 MeV 25 MeV

• Energy range

6 - 25 MeV 6 - 25 MeV

• Electron current

10 μA 25 μA

• High frequency source
• Tunable magnetron 2790±50 MHz

2796±5 MHz

• Peak power

2 MW 3 MW

• Pulse length

3 μs 3 μs

• Repetition rate

400 s-1 max.425 s-1

• Resonator freq.

2784 MHz 2796 MHz

• Power supply freq. 400 Hz

50 Hz

13.2.2008 Dresden A.Kugler NPI ASCR 8

Particle production Facilities available in Czech Republic

• Variable-energy isochronous cyclotron at NPI

– p,d,He3, H-, energy range 10-40 MeV, current up to 40/100 μA (external/internal) – serves also as an intensive source of fast neutrons ~ 1011 ns-1cm-2

• Tandetron at NPI

– energy range 100 keV - 10 MeV (maximal accelerating voltage 3 MV) – accelerates ions from H to Au, current ~ μA

• Microtron at NPI

– accelerates electrons 6- 25 MeV , current up to 25μA – intensive source of relativistic electrons and gamma rays (bremsstrahlung)

• Experimental reactor (NRI Rez, 10 MW)

– irradiation channels in the core, ~ 1014 ns-1cm-2 – thermal external neutron beams, ~ 108 ns-1cm-2

• Van de Graaff at Charles University

– accelerate protons, deuterons, alpha particle, accelerating voltage up to 2.5 MeV – 14 MeV fast neutrons (tagged neutrons by means of associated particle technique)

• Czech Metrology Institute – Inspectorate for Ionizing Radiation

– Neutron radionuclide calibrated sources – Neutron generator

13.2.2008 Dresden A.Kugler NPI ASCR 9

Research program until the year 2010

• proton transfer reactions of the CNO and NeNa cycles will continue on the

NPI cyclotron . The main goal – to find out intensities of reactions leading to synthesis of heaviest nuclei

• transfer reactions will be studied also at TAMU with heavy ions 8B, 12N, 13N

and 22Ne to determine the direct components of the capture reactions important for evolution of the supermassive stars and for relation between reactions in standard and „hot“ CNO cycles

• the other indirect technique, Trojan-Horse method, was developed by

Catania group. Using a 3He beam of our cyclotron and in cooperation with LNS we study the possibility of absolutization of this method by its combination with ANC one.

• in LNS Catania we realized a study of alpha transfer reactions on the Li–

beam to test our ANC method for the case of alpha particle capture processes.

• Results of 12C(6Li,d)16O are under way

3

• P. Rullhusen WPEC JAEA 4-6 June 2008

new projects / plans FRANZ /Frankfurt NFS (Neutrons for Science) at SPIRAL-2/GANIL DC-72 Cyclotron at Bratislava INFN Frascati: n-TOF facility at DAFNE linac CACAO: Chimie des Actinides et Cibles radio Actives à Orsay

http://franz.physik.uni-frankfurt.de Frankfurter Neutronenquelle am Stern-Gerlach-Zentrum

The planned high intensity neutron facility FRANZ

Workshop on modern methods using fast neutrons for research related to the transmutation of nuclear waste Oliver Meusel

Februrary 2008

http://franz.physik.uni-frankfurt.de Frankfurter Neutronenquelle am Stern-Gerlach-Zentrum

the Frankfurt Neutron source at the SGZ

Ep = 1.9 – 2.4 MeV, Δt = 1 ns

TOF mode: 250 kHz, 2 mA or CW mode: 175 MHz, 200 mA

Ep = 1.9 – 2.4 MeV, Δt = 1 ns

TOF mode: 250 kHz, 2 mA or CW mode: 175 MHz, 200 mA

http://franz.physik.uni-frankfurt.de Frankfurter Neutronenquelle am Stern-Gerlach-Zentrum

comparison of pulsed neutron sources

th -106 8 40 525 2·104 ORELA at Oak Ridge th -106 1 30 800 5·104 GELINA at Geel th -106 6 185 0.4 5·104 n_TOFat CERN th -105 250 20 20 5·105 LANSCE at Los Alamos 103-2·105 0.7 0.8 250K 1·104 Karlsruhe Neutron energy range [eV] Pulse width [ns] Flight path [m] Repetition rate [Hz] Neutron flux at sample [cm-2 s-1 dec-1] Facility th -106 8 40 525 2·104 ORELA at Oak Ridge th -106 1 30 800 5·104 GELINA at Geel th -106 6 185 0.4 5·104 n_TOFat CERN th -105 250 20 20 5·105 LANSCE at Los Alamos 103-2·105 0.7 0.8 250K 1·104 Karlsruhe Neutron energy range [eV] Pulse width [ns] Flight path [m] Repetition rate [Hz] Neutron flux at sample [cm-2 s-1 dec-1] Facility new facilities and upgrades 105 - 106 0.1 5 88M 3·105 Spiral-2 th -105 100 15 25 5·106 J-PARC th -106 6 185 0.4 3·106 n_TOFat CERN th -105 250 20 20 5·106 LANSCE upgrade 103-2·105 <1 0.8 250K 1·107 Frankfurt new facilities and upgrades 105 - 106 0.1 5 88M 3·105 Spiral-2 th -105 100 15 25 5·106 J-PARC th -106 6 185 0.4 3·106 n_TOFat CERN th -105 250 20 20 5·106 LANSCE upgrade 103-2·105 <1 0.8 250K 1·107 Frankfurt

http://franz.physik.uni-frankfurt.de Frankfurter Neutronenquelle am Stern-Gerlach-Zentrum

103-2·105 3·109 Karlsruhe, activation th -105 250 20 20 5·105 LANSCE at Los Alamos 103-2·105 0.7 0.8 250K 1·104 Karlsruhe, TOF Neutron energy range [eV] Pulse width [ns] Flight path [m] Repetition rate [Hz] Neutron flux at sample [cm-2 s-1 dec-1] Facility th -105 100 15 25 5·106 J-PARC 103-2·105 1·1012 Frankfurt, activation th -105 250 20 20 5·106 LANSCE upgrade 103-2·105 <1 0.8 250K 1·107 Frankfurt

activation versus TOF

4

• P. Rullhusen WPEC JAEA 4-6 June 2008

Thank you