Excavation, Confined Space & Work Zone Safety Ray Morang Team - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Excavation, Confined Space & Work Zone Safety Ray Morang Team E.J.Prescott

What is an excavation? (1926.650) • Excavation - Any man made cut, cavity, trench, or depression in the earths surface. • Trench – A narrow excavation in relation to it’s length (i.e. the depth is greater then it’s width and the width is less then 15’). • Cave in – Sudden movement of material into the excavation in large enough quantities that it could entrap, bury, or injure a person. • Call Dig Safe or local utilities before digging (1926.651b).

Competent Person (1926.650) • All excavations must have a competent person onsite. • Must be capable of identifying existing and predictable hazards. • Must be trained in Soil Analysis, Protective Systems, and Requirements of the Safety Codes. • Must have the authority to stop all work if he/she deems necessary, and fix any unsafe conditions. • Conducts daily inspections on excavations and shoring. • Determines degree of slope needed, and designs ramps for employees. • Monitor water removal if needed. • Attitude!!!!!!!!

Excavation Rules (1926.651) • Some form of protective system is needed if the trench is greater then 5‘ deep. • No water is allowed to accumulate in the trench. If water is coming in you need to take special precautions. (i.e. pump, extra shoring, competent person evaluation). • All surface encumbrances that could present a hazard have to removed or supported. • All trenches 4 feet deep or more have to have a way of exiting. Stairs, ramps, or ladders. Ladders must be located so that the employee doesn’t have to travel more then 25 feet for egress and extend 3’ above the surface you are climbing onto. • If there is a possible atmospheric hazard, the trench has to be tested using a gas detector. Possible hazards are, Explosive Gas, Carbon Monoxide, Hydrogen Sulfide, Oxygen Deficient, Oxygen Enriched, ext. • Spoil pile must be at least 2 feet from the trench edge.

Protective Systems (1926.652) • Shield – Structures designed to withstand the forces of a cave in (also called trench boxes). – Must have tabulated data on the side and be readable. – The top of the box must be above normal ground level or 18” above bottom of trench slope. – Can block up trench box up to 2 feet as long as box is rated for the full depth of the trench. – You must stay with in the box at all times. – The gap between the edge and the box has to be small enough so that no hazard exists. – If using an open ended box, make sure the ends are sloped following the soil type.

Shoring – Mechanical system designed to support the sides of the excavation. - If the trench is over 20’ deep, you need and engineer’s approval on the shoring. - Sheeting must be at least ¾ inch hardwood or 1 ¼ inch softwood plywood

Sloping and Benching (Subpart P appendix A) • Sloping – Removing material from the sides or ends of an excavation at an angle • Benching – Removing material from the sides or ends of an excavation in steps. • Soil type determined by manual tests. • Type A soil – Previously undisturbed soil. – Sloped or benched ¾ to 1. Type B Soil – Previously disturbed soil . Sloped or benched 1 to 1. Type C Soil – Previously disturbed soil. Sloped 1 ½ to 1.

Rescue Equipment (1926.651) • You should contact your local Fire Department to make sure they can do a trench rescue. • It is a good idea to inform them of the scope of the work so they know what to expect. • Make sure your workers know what address to give the department. • Make sure your company has a plan in case of an cave in accident

Identify the hazards

Trenching Safety 1926 sub part P • Why Bother? – One of the leading causes of death in construction. – More then 100 workers die each year in cave ins. – Most cave ins are caused by human error. – Because of these reasons, OSHA (both State and Federal) has once again made excavation safety a special empathizes field. – All Federal and state inspectors will stop at all excavations they see.

lightweight trench box around $8000.00 • Getting caught not using a box by osha will cost between $3,000 & $70,000. • What is a life worth ?

If you don’t use this box! • You could use this one!

MYTHS OF EXCAVATIONS • Frost can be used as protection. • Owners are exempt from the rules • Man-hole ladders can be used in a trench • Municipalities are not responsible for contractors

Questions

Confined Spaces

Confined Spaces 1910.146 and 1926.800 • Confined Space – A space that is large enough and so configured to allow an employee to enter, has limited openings for entry and exit, and is not designed for continuous occupancy. • Permit Required Space – A confined space that has or has the potential for a hazardous atmosphere, engulfment hazard, internal configuration that could trap, or other known hazard.

Hazards in Confined Spaces • Hazardous Atmospheres – O2, H2S, CO, Flammable. • Engulfment • Falling Objects • Temperature Extremes • Noise • Entrapment • Slick / Wet Surfaces • Toxic Chemicals • Electrical

Gas Detector • Do you check the air before you go into a confine space?

Hydrogen Sulfide • Is heavier than air,collects in low-lying and poorly- ventilated areas. • Is produced by bacterial breakdown of organic materials. • Highly flammable • Rotten egg smell • Low levels will cause irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat . • Moderate levels will cause coughing, difficulty breathing, headaches,dizziness,vomiting. • High levels can cause shock convulsions, inability to breath, coma or death.

Carbon Monoxide • Carbon Monoxide is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas. • Displaces oxygen in the blood • Symptoms of CO poisoning may include. • Tightness in chest, Headache, Fatigue, Dizziness, Drowsiness, or Nausea. And finally death.

Lower Explosive Limit • The lowest concentration (air-fuel mixture) at which a gas can ignite. • For combustion to occur you need, Fuel, Oxygen, and Ignition.

Oxygen • >23.5% Oxygen enriched, fire hazard. • 20.9% Concentration in normal air. • 19.5% Min. permissible oxygen level. • 15%-19% Decreased ability to work strenuously. • 10%-12% Poor judgment,blue lips. • 8%-10% Fainting, ashen face,vomiting. • 6%-8% Recovery still possible after 4-5 min. • 4%-6% Coma in 40 seconds, convulsions, respiration ceases,death.

• CONFINED SPACE ENTRY PERMIT • DATE: ___________________________ • TIME: ____________________________ • Location of Space or Gate#________________________________________________ • O2 Reading____% LEL Reading_____% CO Reading_____ppm H2Seading_____ppm • Purpose for Entering Gate: ________________________________________________ • ______________________________________________________________________ • Employees Performing Work: • Company Employees • Time Time Time Time • In Out In Out • Employee Attendant (Stand by Person): _____________________________________ • PRECAUTIONS YES NO PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT YES NO • Employees qualified?Belt/harness/life line?Gate atmosphere safe for entry?Breathing apparatus?Periodic/continuousMonitoring required?Warning signs?Hydraulic line toGate disconnected?Protective gear?Electrical lock out?Fire equipment?Gate tagged out?Forced ventilation?Safety lights?Rescue gear on hand?Communication devicesNeeded?Misc. equipment?Employee with CPR/ First Aid TrainingEmergency Phone # 911 • _________________________________________________________ Signature / Date Site Safety Officer

Lock Out Tag Out

Permit Space Requirements • Written Confined Space Program – Must be specific to your company. • Entry permit – Must be filled out before entering the space. • Attendant – Maintains control of the space. Cannot enter the space until relieved. • Entry Supervisor – Competent person for that confined space. Approves the space for entry. • Monitoring – The space must be tested for a hazardous atmosphere before entry.

Permit Spaces (Cont) • Rescue – Don't assume the Fire Department can perform a rescue in your space. Call them ahead of time to make sure. • Training – All entrants and access watches need to be trained. This should be done with a pre-job brief. • Protective Equipment – Fall protection and retrieval may be needed depending on the space. • Respirators – If a respirator is used there are other requirements that you fall under. • Ventilation – If a hazardous atmosphere is detected you will have to ventilate. – If you are reading 100% explosive, don’t ventilate, call a professional.

Can your local fire department perform a Confined space rescue ?

Confined Space Retrieval Equip