Excavation, Confined Space & Work Zone Safety Ray Morang Team - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Excavation, Confined Space & Work Zone Safety

Ray Morang Team E.J.Prescott

What is an excavation?

(1926.650)

• Excavation - Any man made cut, cavity, trench, or

depression in the earths surface.

• Trench – A narrow excavation in relation to it’s length

(i.e. the depth is greater then it’s width and the width is less then 15’).

• Cave in – Sudden movement of material into the

excavation in large enough quantities that it could entrap, bury, or injure a person.

• Call Dig Safe or local utilities before digging

(1926.651b).

Competent Person (1926.650)

• All excavations must have a competent person onsite.
• Must be capable of identifying existing and predictable

hazards.

• Must be trained in Soil Analysis, Protective Systems,

and Requirements of the Safety Codes.

• Must have the authority to stop all work if he/she deems

necessary, and fix any unsafe conditions.

• Conducts daily inspections on excavations and shoring.
• Determines degree of slope needed, and designs ramps

for employees.

• Monitor water removal if needed.
• Attitude!!!!!!!!

Excavation Rules (1926.651)

• Some form of protective system is needed if the trench is greater

then 5‘ deep.

• No water is allowed to accumulate in the trench. If water is coming

in you need to take special precautions. (i.e. pump, extra shoring, competent person evaluation).

• All surface encumbrances that could present a hazard have to

removed or supported.

• All trenches 4 feet deep or more have to have a way of exiting.

Stairs, ramps, or ladders. Ladders must be located so that the employee doesn’t have to travel more then 25 feet for egress and extend 3’ above the surface you are climbing onto.

• If there is a possible atmospheric hazard, the trench has to be tested

using a gas detector. Possible hazards are, Explosive Gas, Carbon Monoxide, Hydrogen Sulfide, Oxygen Deficient, Oxygen Enriched, ext.

• Spoil pile must be at least 2 feet from the trench edge.

Protective Systems (1926.652)

• Shield – Structures designed to withstand the

forces of a cave in (also called trench boxes).

– Must have tabulated data on the side and be readable. – The top of the box must be above normal ground level or 18” above bottom of trench slope. – Can block up trench box up to 2 feet as long as box is rated for the full depth of the trench. – You must stay with in the box at all times. – The gap between the edge and the box has to be small enough so that no hazard exists. – If using an open ended box, make sure the ends are sloped following the soil type.

Shoring – Mechanical system designed to support the sides of the excavation.

• If the trench is over 20’ deep, you need and

engineer’s approval on the shoring.

• Sheeting must be at least ¾ inch hardwood or

1 ¼ inch softwood plywood

Sloping and Benching (Subpart P appendix A)

• Sloping – Removing material from the sides or ends of

an excavation at an angle

• Benching – Removing material from the sides or ends of

an excavation in steps.

• Soil type determined by manual tests.
• Type A soil – Previously undisturbed soil.

– Sloped or benched ¾ to 1. Type B Soil – Previously disturbed soil.

Sloped or benched 1 to 1.

Type C Soil – Previously disturbed soil. Sloped 1 ½ to 1.

Rescue Equipment (1926.651)

• You should contact your local

Fire Department to make sure they can do a trench rescue.

• It is a good idea to inform

them of the scope of the work so they know what to expect.

• Make sure your workers know

what address to give the department.

• Make sure your company has

a plan in case of an cave in accident

Identify the hazards

Trenching Safety 1926 sub part P

• Why Bother?

– One of the leading causes of death in construction. – More then 100 workers die each year in cave ins. – Most cave ins are caused by human error. – Because of these reasons, OSHA (both State and Federal) has once again made excavation safety a special empathizes field. – All Federal and state inspectors will stop at all excavations they see.

lightweight trench box around $8000.00

• Getting caught not using a box by osha will cost

between $3,000 & $70,000.

• What is a life worth ?

If you don’t use this

box!

• You could use this
• ne!

MYTHS OF EXCAVATIONS

• Frost can be used as protection.
• Owners are exempt from the rules
• Man-hole ladders can be used in a trench
• Municipalities are not responsible for

contractors

Questions

Confined Spaces

Confined Spaces 1910.146 and 1926.800

• Confined Space – A space that

is large enough and so configured to allow an employee to enter, has limited

• penings for entry and exit,

and is not designed for continuous occupancy.

• Permit Required Space – A

confined space that has or has the potential for a hazardous atmosphere, engulfment hazard, internal configuration that could trap, or other known hazard.

Hazards in Confined Spaces

• Hazardous Atmospheres – O2, H2S, CO, Flammable.
• Engulfment
• Falling Objects
• Temperature Extremes
• Noise
• Entrapment
• Slick / Wet Surfaces
• Toxic Chemicals
• Electrical

Gas Detector

• Do you check the air before you go into a

confine space?

Hydrogen Sulfide

• Is heavier than air,collects in low-lying and poorly-

ventilated areas.

• Is produced by bacterial breakdown of organic materials.
• Highly flammable
• Rotten egg smell
• Low levels will cause irritation of the eyes, nose, and

throat.

• Moderate levels will cause coughing, difficulty breathing,

headaches,dizziness,vomiting.

• High levels can cause shock convulsions, inability to

breath, coma or death.

Carbon Monoxide

• Carbon Monoxide is a colorless, odorless,

and tasteless gas.

• Displaces oxygen in the blood
• Symptoms of CO poisoning may include.
• Tightness in chest, Headache, Fatigue,

Dizziness, Drowsiness, or Nausea. And finally death.

Lower Explosive Limit

• The lowest concentration (air-fuel mixture)

at which a gas can ignite.

• For combustion to occur you need, Fuel,

Oxygen, and Ignition.

Oxygen

• >23.5% Oxygen enriched, fire hazard.
• 20.9% Concentration in normal air.
• 19.5% Min. permissible oxygen level.
• 15%-19% Decreased ability to work

strenuously.

• 10%-12% Poor judgment,blue lips.
• 8%-10% Fainting, ashen face,vomiting.
• 6%-8% Recovery still possible after 4-5 min.
• 4%-6% Coma in 40 seconds, convulsions,

respiration ceases,death.

• CONFINED SPACE ENTRY PERMIT
• DATE: ___________________________
• TIME: ____________________________
• Location of Space or Gate#________________________________________________
• O2 Reading____% LEL Reading_____% CO Reading_____ppm H2Seading_____ppm
• Purpose for Entering Gate: ________________________________________________
• ______________________________________________________________________
• Employees Performing Work:
• Company Employees
• Time Time

Time Time

• In

Out In Out

• Employee Attendant (Stand by Person): _____________________________________
• PRECAUTIONS YES NO PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT YES

NO

• Employees qualified?Belt/harness/life line?Gate atmosphere safe for entry?Breathing

apparatus?Periodic/continuousMonitoring required?Warning signs?Hydraulic line toGate disconnected?Protective gear?Electrical lock out?Fire equipment?Gate tagged out?Forced ventilation?Safety lights?Rescue gear on hand?Communication devicesNeeded?Misc. equipment?Employee with CPR/ First Aid TrainingEmergency Phone # 911

• _________________________________________________________

Signature / Date Site Safety Officer

Lock Out Tag Out

Permit Space Requirements

• Written Confined Space Program – Must be specific to

your company.

• Entry permit – Must be filled out before entering the

space.

• Attendant – Maintains control of the space. Cannot

enter the space until relieved.

• Entry Supervisor – Competent person for that confined
• space. Approves the space for entry.
• Monitoring – The space must be tested for a hazardous

atmosphere before entry.

Permit Spaces (Cont)

• Rescue – Don't assume the Fire Department can

perform a rescue in your space. Call them ahead of time to make sure.

• Training – All entrants and access watches need to

be trained. This should be done with a pre-job brief.

• Protective Equipment – Fall protection and retrieval

may be needed depending on the space.

• Respirators – If a respirator is used there are other

requirements that you fall under.

• Ventilation – If a hazardous atmosphere is detected

you will have to ventilate. – If you are reading 100% explosive, don’t ventilate, call a professional.

Can your local fire department perform a Confined space rescue ?

Confined Space Retrieval Equip

Reality

• Big penalties for confined space fatalities
• March 30, 2012 by Alex Irwin
• Posted in: Confined Spaces, Enforcement, Fatality, In this week's e-

newsletter, Trends to watch

• Two brothers were killed on the job when they were exposed to hydrogen

sulfide gas in a confined space.

• California OSHA (Cal/OSHA) cited Community Recycling and Resource

Recovery, based in Lamont, CA, with 16 citations totaling $166,890.

• The two brothers, ages 16 and 22, were clearing debris from an obstructed

shaft of a storm drain. The youngest lost consciousness after being exposed to the gas and died in the confined space.

• His older brother attempted to rescue him, but was overcome by the gas as

well, eventually dying in the hospital.

• Cal/OSHA issued an Order Prohibiting Use preventing workers from

entering the drainage system, which was later expanded to prevent any access within six feet of the system.

• Cal/OSHA issued a confined space emphasis program targeting these

hazards earlier this year.

Questions

Work Zone Safety

Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices For streets and highways 2009 edition parts 1&6

6a

Work zones

Characterized by

• Roadwork
• Utility work
• Construction

vehicles

• Traffic

1b

Work zones

Internal /external hazards

• Internal hazards—are things within the

work space such as

– moving vehicles – excavations – electrical lines – machinery pinch points

2a

Work zones hazards

• External hazards are found outside the

work space and include

– struck by dangers…passing vehicles and the debris they kick up (loose gravel, trash, and shredded tires)

2b

Parts of the work zone

• Advance warning
• Transition
• Activity
• Termination

3a

Activity area/termination

• Parts of the activity area

– Work space – Traffic space – Buffer space

• Termination

area

3b

Preliminary work zone survey

Look for

• Overhead wires
• Obstructions
• Other hazards

4a

Marking hazards

• Clearance heights
• Drop-offs
• Buried power lines

5a

Traffic control plan— Informing motorists

• Notices to media
• Warning and informational signs
• Initially, motorists are warned that there is

construction ahead

• Second, motorists are instructed on what

actions to take, due to the work zone. For example—reduce speed, be prepared to stop, etc.

7a

Traffic control devices

• Channelizing devices—

traffic cones, road markings

• Flashing arrow

panels

• Concrete traffic

barrels

9a

Speeding in work zones

Deter speeding by using

• Rumble strips
• Law enforcement
• Detours

10a

Traffic control device inspection

• Regularly inspecting traffic control

devices

• Verify they are set up properly and

working as planned

• High traffic interstate work zones require

hourly inspections

11a

Traffic control device inspection

Evidence the traffic control plan isn’t working

• Knocked-down cones
• Skid marks
• Other indications of near-misses

11b

Removing work zone signs

Signage

• Not being used
• No longer needed

Covered or remove to avoid confusing drivers

12a

Internal traffic control plan

• Designated areas where workers on are

restricted from entering

• Designated areas where moving equipment

and vehicles are prohibited

• Speed limits for vehicles
• Checklist of site-specific hazards—

descriptions of how each can be avoided

• Employee monitoring on-site

communications/vehicle traffic

13a

Employee training

Orientation training

• Hazards involving

equipment

• Blind spots
• Working at night
• Communication

methods

15a

Employee training

Equipment training

• Avoid rollovers
• Maintain

clearances

• Know

and avoid blind spots

16a

Struck–by equipment

• Motion alarms

– 10dB louder than surrounding – must sound whether machine moving forward or backward

• Collision-avoidance devices

– use radar, sonar, or ultrasonic technology to warn operators

• Panic bars

– emergency stop switches

21a

Use of a spotter

Spotters

• Help direct vehicle positioning
• Vehicle operator and must both use the

same hand signals

• Maintaining two-way radio contact also

recommended

22a

Other ways to reduce collisions

• Cut through the clutter
• Operate vehicle headlights and running

lights at all times in the work zone

23a

Requirements for hard hats

• Protect from

– Impact, flying, or falling objects – Electrical shock

• Worn brim forward
• Flagger helmets often equipped with

mirrors

25a

Eye protection requirements

ANSI approved

• Glasses
• Goggles
• In bright sunlight tinted lenses are

recommended

26a

High-visibility apparel

Make workers visible to passing motorists and coworkers Wear

• Light-colored

hard hats

• High-visibility

safety vests and pants

27a

High-visibility apparel

Requirements

• Clothing visible from 1,000 feet and from

all sides of the wearer’s body

• Daytime high-visibility apparel—orange,

yellow, or yellow-green

• At night—retroreflective orange, yellow,

white, silver, and yellow-green

28a

Workers must be in bright, highly visible clothing similar to flaggers. Must be visible thru full range

• f work motions. If at night or if exposed to speeds
• f over 25 MPH, retro-reflective strips on clothing

is required.

– ANSI/ISEA 107-1999. Set up 3 classes. – Class 1 - Traffic less then 25 MPH and good visibility. » This would be the old vests without the reflective stripes. – Class 2 – Traffic between 25-50 MPH and/or medium visibility. » This is the class of the new vests that we carry. – Class 3 – Traffic greater then 50 MPH and/or bad visibility. » This is usually jackets or pants with vests.

The classification of the protective gear should be listed on the tag

Hearing protection

Hearing protection is required by OSHA at a level of 85 dB. Telephone dial tone 80dB City traffic (inside a car) 85dB Power mower at 3’ 107dB Motorcycle 100dB

30a

Working defensively

• Always think safety first
• Use procedures required

by regulatory agencies

• Be alert to

situations that might result in accidents

34a

EJP Requirements for Jobsites

• PPE required:

– Vest – Always. – Hardhat – Always. – Safety Glasses – If required on site or any dust/debris is airborne. – Safety Toe Boots – Whenever material handling is involved. – Gloves – Whenever material handling is involved. – Cones – If EJP vehicle cannot be completely removed from the roadway.

Safety Shorts

• Public Employers fall

under State OSHA programs (Safety Works in ME, PESH in NY)

• The real cost of accidents

– Lost time – Higher MOD – Regulatory hassles – Moral – 1 Billion a week in workers

• comp. to U.S. companies

Complacency

• I’ve done this a hundred times before.
• It will only take a minute.
• Its getting late ( shortcuts ).
• The Gas Detector worked last month.
• Just do it, it will be ok.
• That is clay its not moving.

OSHA UPDATE

OSHA PENALTIES

• Other than serious up to $ 7,000
• Serious up to $ 7,000
• Willful & repeat $5,000-$70,000
• 2013 had a total of 4,523 workplace

fatalities.

• 2014 budget for Osha is $568 million
• Osha conducted 40,961 inspections
• State Plans conducted 51,133 inspections
• Fed & State has a total of 2,200 inspectors

Field and service industry

• No matter the number of

employee’s on site at least one has to be the competent

• person. That person needs to

be able to answer any questions the inspector may ask.

OSHA CITATIONS

• The average citation went from $ 1,000 to

$ 2,200 each.

• When interviewing employee’s the more

the employee knows about the company safety policies the shorter the interview will

• be. The less the employee knows the

longer the interview and the further osha will dig into the company.

TRAINING

• OSHA 10 is not considered

acceptable training methods. Needs to be task specific training ( lock out tag out, fall protection, hazcom, fork-lift, etc.

10 hr training changes

• Original goal was the top 5

violations.

• Now its to train employee’s how

to report violations to osha.

• What paper work needs to be

filed to turn in the employer’s

Employee complaints

• If the complaint is part of the

focus 4 OSHA will follow up with an on site visit.

• If not part of the focus 4 OSHA

will call the employer and ask probing questions, and if satisfied will leave it at that if not they will conduct a onsite inspection.

Order of priorities

• Enforcement
• Whistleblower (new to list)
• Standard setting
• Compliance assisting and

consulting.

INSPECTION PRIORITIES

• 1. Imminent danger
• 2. Catastrophes
• 3. Complaints/ referrals (moved

up the list)

• 4. Targeted Inspections ( based
• n dart)
• 5. Follow up inspections

Inspections cont.

• If an inspection is over $40,000 in fines,

the information will be released to the newspaper / press.

• More inspections of the construction

industry.

• Confined spaces
• Pre-cast concrete.

Any questions

?