EVOLUTIONARY ARCHITECTURE @patkua 1 Who is @thoughtworks Who is - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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EVOLUTIONARY ARCHITECTURE @patkua 1 Who is @thoughtworks Who is - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Jun 12, 2023 316 likes •1.42k views

EVOLUTIONARY ARCHITECTURE @patkua 1 Who is @thoughtworks Who is @patkua #architect #author #developer #facilitator #leader #lifelong-learner tiny.cc/twtl tiny.cc/retros #coach #speaker Evolutionary Architecture Neal Ford Rebecca

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EVOLUTIONARY ARCHITECTURE

@patkua

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Who is @thoughtworks

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Who is @patkua tiny.cc/retros tiny.cc/twtl

#architect #developer #leader #coach #lifelong-learner #author #facilitator #speaker

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Evolutionary Architecture

Rebecca Parsons (ThoughtWorks CTO) Neal Ford (Meme Wrangler) Patrick Kua (Technical Principal)

Photos by Martin Fowler: http://martinfowler.com/albums/ThoughtWorkers/

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Introductions

If you haven’t done so, please introduce yourself the people around you - you will be working in pairs

  • Name
  • Role/Title
  • Company/Institution
  • Background
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What is one thing you want to get out

  • f this talk?

STICKY-SESSION

COLLECT THESE ON FLIPCHARTS

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EVOLUTION

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NGE CHA

… is inevitable

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NGE CHA

Technical Domain

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Technical

Programming languages Libraries Frameworks Tools Operating environments Technical constraints

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NGE CHA

Technical Domain

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Domain

Revenue models Base technology adoption Competitors Customer needs Markets Products

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NGE CHA

… is inevitable

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NGE CHA

… is inevitable

If then

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?

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CASE STUDY

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Customer case study

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Customer case study

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WHAT IF…

We architected a system specifically for change?

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DEFINITION

Our current working version

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DEFINITION

An evolutionary architecture supports

continual and incremental change

as a first principle along multiple dimensions

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But our architecture already supports change!

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  • r does it?
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Example Architectural Patterns Big Ball of Mud Layered Architecture Microkernel Microservices

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How do each of these architectures support change (Technical + Domain) Big Ball of Mud Layered Architecture Microkernel Microservices

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Big ball of mud

classes

coupling connections

DIMENSIONS: 0

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Layered architecture

PRESENTATION

COMPONENT COMPONENT COMPONENT

BUSINESS

COMPONENT COMPONENT COMPONENT

PERSISTENCE

COMPONENT COMPONENT COMPONENT

DATABASE DIMENSIONS: 1

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Layered architecture

PRESENTATION

COMPONENT COMPONENT COMPONENT

BUSINESS

COMPONENT COMPONENT COMPONENT

PERSISTENCE

COMPONENT COMPONENT COMPONENT

DATABASE DIMENSIONS: 1

request

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Layered architecture

PRESENTATION

COMPONENT COMPONENT COMPONENT

BUSINESS

COMPONENT COMPONENT COMPONENT

PERSISTENCE

COMPONENT COMPONENT COMPONENT

DATABASE DIMENSIONS: 1

request

SERVICE

COMPONENT COMPONENT COMPONENT

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Layered architecture

MVC

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PLUGIN PLUGIN

Microkernel

DIMENSIONS: 1

PLUGIN PLUGIN PLUGIN PLUGIN

CORE SYSTEM

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Microkernel

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DOMAIN SHIFT

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Layered architecture

PRESENTATION

COMPONENT COMPONENT COMPONENT

BUSINESS

COMPONENT COMPONENT COMPONENT

PERSISTENCE

COMPONENT COMPONENT COMPONENT

DATABASE DOMAIN DIMENSIONS: 0

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Microservices

API

CUSTOMER MODULE MODULE MODULE USER/ROLE MODULE MODULE MODULE ACCOUNT MODULE MODULE MODULE PRODUCT MODULE MODULE MODULE INVENTORY MODULE MODULE MODULE FULFILLMENT MODULE MODULE MODULE CLIENT REQUESTS CLIENT REQUESTS CLIENT REQUESTS

DIMENSIONS: N

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DEFINITION

An evolutionary architecture supports

continual and incremental change

as a first principle along multiple dimensions

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PRINCIPLES

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Does not dictate schedule Supports fast feedback Appropriate coupling Iterative

Technical Domain

Matches business capabilities Enables experimentation Decentralised governance Fitness function

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Fitness function

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Fitness function

NFRs CFRs Quality Attributes Low response time Large # of users

IMPORTANT UNIMPORTANT

Strong audit trail Availability Heavy legal compliance Internationalisation & Localisation Monitoring Mobile responsive

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Fitness function

NFRs CFRs Quality Attributes Low response time Large # of users

IMPORTANT UNIMPORTANT

Strong audit trail Availability Heavy legal compliance Internationalisation & Localisation Monitoring Mobile responsive

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Fitness function

NFRs CFRs Quality Attributes Metrics Tests

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Fitness function

NFRs CFRs Quality Attributes Metrics Tests

There are known knowns

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There are known unknowns There are known knowns But there are also unknown unknowns

  • Donald Rumsfeld
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Generations

6 months 3 months 1 month daily?

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Time taken to get a single change into production

repeatably reliably

Generations = Cycle time

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Generations = Cycle time

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Conway’s Law

  • rganisations which design systems ...

are constrained to produce designs which are copies of the communication structures of these organisations

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conway%27s_law

  • Melvin Conway, 1968
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Conway’s Law Side Effect

UI Specialists Middleware Specialists DBAs

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Monolith’s vs Microservices

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user interface server-side DBA

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Orders Shipping Catalog

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Inverse conway manoeuvre

Orders Shipping Catalog

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Inverse conway manoeuvre

cross-functional teams… …organised around business capabilities Because Conway’ s Law!

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DDD’s “bounded context” …physically realised

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Products, not projects

projects: products: ‘s “You build it, you run it”

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Last responsible moment

time complexity

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Last responsible moment

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Last responsible moment

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Last responsible moment

Domain Adapters Ports and Adapters

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Last responsible moment

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Last responsible moment

this is not an excuse to abstract all the things!

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Sense and probe

  • ver
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Last responsible moment

Architectural Spikes

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Bring the pain forward

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Bring the pain forward

deployment pipelines database migrations/ refactoring automation continuous integration

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Principle driven architecture

  • ver
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PUTTING IT INTO PRACTICE

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SLIDE 71 React v0.14 CustomerInfo 4.3.1 Customer 1.3.5 Hibernate view controller model ORM PostgreSQL 9.4

Architecture is abstract until operationalised

view controller model ORM DB

React v0.14 CustomerInfo 4.3.1 Customer 1.3.5 Hibernate 4.3.11 view controller model ORM PostgreSQL 9.4 Hibernate 5.1.0 nealford.com/memeagora/2015/03/30/architecture_is_abstract_until_operationalized.html
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Evolving your architecture

Architect Develop Release

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Evolving your architecture

Architect Develop Release

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Evolving your architecture

Architect Develop Release Reflect

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Evolving your architecture

Architect Develop Release Reflect

Cycle time = constraint

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ENABLING CHANGE

Foster architectural thinking

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ENABLING CHANGE

Foster architectural thinking

with ARCHITECTURAL BRIEFINGS

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ARCHITECTURAL BRIEFINGS ARCHITECTURAL BRIEFINGS

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ARCHITECTURAL BRIEFINGS … Design decision Tool Implementation

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ARCHITECTURAL BRIEFINGS ? ? …

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ARCHITECTURAL BRIEFINGS …

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ARCHITECTURAL BRIEFINGS

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ARCHITECTURAL BRIEFINGS …

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ARCHITECTURAL BRIEFINGS

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ARCHITECTURAL BRIEFINGS

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ARCHITECTURAL BRIEFINGS

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ARCHITECTURAL BRIEFINGS

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ARCHITECTURAL BRIEFINGS

Everyone becomes an Architect

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Think like a town planner

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Development practices that help

Continuous Delivery Cross Functional Teams Architectural briefings Feature Toggles Branch by abstraction Tracer bullet deployments Review fitness functions Early identification of fitness functions Spikes

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CHOOSING STYLES

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Build Buy

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Build Buy

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Build Buy

and/or

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Build Buy

and/or

Libraries Frameworks COTS or Software Products Custom code

Functionality

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Build Buy

and/or

Libraries Frameworks COTS or Software Products Custom code

Functionality Ability to change

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Strategic Commodity

Need for rapid change

High Low Low High

Value generating

Support Experimental

Best fit

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Things that prevent change

Coupling Cohesion Slow feedback cycles

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Cohesion

Functional Sequential Informational Procedural Temporal Logical Coincidental

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TRAPS

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TRAPS: EXUBERANT COUPLING WSDLs

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TRAPS: PRODUCT CUSTOMISATION

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TRAPS: INTEGRATION AT THE DB LAYER

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TRAPS: INTEGRATION AT THE DB LAYER

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TRAPS: SOA VIA THE ESB ROUTE Hidden Coupling Smart Endpoints Dumb Pipes

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DEFINITION

An evolutionary architecture supports

continual and incremental change

as a first principle along multiple dimensions

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TO CONSIDER

Architectural choices Decision making process + thinking Organisational and cultural elements

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@patkua

THANK YOU

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@patkua

QUESTIONS OR COMMENTS?