Leonid nid L. Golubya ubyatnikov tnikov 1 Evgen Ev eny A. A. Zar arov ov 2 WETLA LANDS NDS AND LAKES KES IN SOU OUTHERN HERN TUNDR DRA OF OF WESTERN N SIBERI ERIA: A: LANDSC DSCAPE APE STRUCTURE E AND METHANE ANE EMISSI SSIONS ONS 1 A.M.Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics RAS, Moscow 2 Yugra State University, Khanty-Mansiysk ENVIROMIS-2018 Tomsk, July 05 – 11, 2018
STUDY REGION ON IN WESTERN TERN SIBERIA Study site Yasave vey y ( 67 67 °35’ N, 78°91’ E E ) Yarneto to ( 67 67 °22’ N, 78°37’ E E ) Yasovey, 2010 Yarneto 2013,2014, 2015,2016 Gaz-Sale, 2015 Gaz-Sale Sale ( 67 67 ° 2 1’ N, 78° 42 42 ’ E E )
Aim ims of of ou our resear earch ch: - ana analy lysis is of of the the lan lands dscape cape/micr icroland landsca cape pe stru ructure cture of of ecosys ystem tems based on on satellit ite data and field surve veys ys, - to to ev evalu aluate ate methan methane exc exchan hange ge betwee etween the the at atmos osphere here and wetl tland and/lak /lake ecosys yste tems in in south outhern rn tundra ra of of Weste tern rn Siberia.
ANALY LYSI SIS S OF THE LANDSC DSCAPE PE STRUCT UCTURE URE BASED ON SATELL ELLITE ITE DATA Landsat-8: medium-resolution satellite images spatial resolution: 30 m per pixel; image area: 36 200 km 2 Arctic tundra WorldView-2: high-resolution satellite images spatial resolution: 2 m per pixel; image area: 40 km 2 Typical tundra Southern tundra Landsat WorldView Landsat WorldView
Number of An analysis of the Landsat-8 Landscapes type images made it possible to Water 1 differentiate 13 classes of tundra landscapes. Dry land on mineral soil 2 Khasyrey 2 Hollow 3 Hillock-hollow complex 2 River floodplain 1 Sand formation 1 Structure of the landscape areas (%) Territory under in the Landsat images 1 infrastructure Dry lands on mineral soil Here “Water” is lakes and pond, “Khasyrey” is permafrost -formed Khasyreys 39.8 dry lake basin. 6.9 11.6 Hollows 7.8 4.1 22.5 Lakes, ponds 6.6 0.7 Infrastructure River Sand Hillock-hollow complex floodplain
Number of Microlandscapes An analysis of the WorldView-2 type images made it possible to Water 3 differentiate 19 classes of the land Dry lands on mineral surface (microlandscapes). 6 soil and dry khasyreys Peatland elevations 2 (hillocks, rollers, etc.) Hollows 3 Waterlogged hollows 5 Structure of the microlandscape areas (%) in WorldView images Lakes, ponds Dry lands on mineral soil Waterlogged 12.3 hollows 16.8 48.9 11.1 8.9 2.0 Hollows Peatland Dry khasyreys elevations
COMPAR MPARISO ISON LANDS NDSCAPE CAPES AND MICR CROLAN ANDSC DSCAP APES Landscap cape “ Wetland land khasyr yrey ” Landscap cape “Dry land with shrubs on mineral soil” Microland andscape cape: Dry lands Wetlands ds 71.9 91.3 13.3 14.8 5.5 3.2 Lakes Wetlands ds Dry lands Lakes Landscap cape “ Hollow ” Landscap cape “ Dry shrub ub-gra grass-lich chen land on mineral soil” Microland andscape cape: Dry lands Wetlands ds 68.0 69.5 23.8 17.3 13.2 8.2 Wetlands ds Dry lands Lakes Lakes % % of the e land ndsca cape e area rea
MICROL OLANDSCAP SCAPE E AREAS S IN THE SOUTH THERN ERN TUNDRA DRA OF WESTERN TERN SIBERIA Using th Us the GI GIS GRASS GRASS the cl classes sses singl si gled out out in in th the Wo WorldV dView-2 images ges were re comp mpare red with th th thos ose in in the corr orresp esponding Landsa sat-8 images. Areas s (%) of the south ther ern tundra ra landsca capes es ( in n Landsat sat image ges ) Lakes es * 14 5 44 37 Dry land nds Wetl tland nds * * - River r floo loodpla lains ns, Sand nd format mation ions, s, Terri rritory ory under er infra frast struc uctur ure
WETLAND LAND MICROLANDSC LANDSCAPE APE AREAS AS IN THE SOUTH THERN ERN TUNDRA DRA OF WESTERN TERN SIBERIA Hillock cks, s, rolle lers rs Inside ide wetland and lakes 7 10 17 66 Hollows ws Waterlo rlogged hollows ws (% o of the southern tundra area) The e Wetl tland nds Typolo ologic gical Map Wetlands Polygonalroller and polygonalfissure bogs Полигонально - валиковые и полигонально - трещиноватые Polygonal bogs combined with grass and mossdominated bogs Полигональные в сочетании с травяными и травяномоховыми Patterned (hollow and hollowpool) flatpalsa bogs Плоскобугристо - мочажинные и плоскобугристо - мочажинноозерковые Flatpalsa bogs combined with highpalsa bogs Плоскобугристые в сочетании с крупнобугристыми Shrub dominated tussock bog. Кустарничковые мелкокочковатые
MEASUREME UREMENT NT AND ANALY LYSI SIS S OF METHANE FLUXES ES We We used sed dark rk st stati tic ch chambers mbers with manual sampling. The to total time me ex expo posit sition on was 30 30-60 60 minutes es. During this per period, d, fou four samp mples es wer ere taken ken with th an an interv terval of of 10 10-15 15 minutes tes incl cluding initial moment. The gas samples es were taken for each microlandsca scape. e. Methane e concentra trati tion on in s samples es was analyzed d using g a g gas chromatogra ograph (Crysta tal-500 5000. 0.2) 2) with a flame ionizati tion on detec ecto tor. r.
RESULTS ULTS OF MEASUREM UREMEN ENTS TS Methane Fluxes: Medians & Ranges 16 mgCH 4 /(m 2 h) 10 4 2.8 1.2 0.4 0.7 0.02 Lakes es Peatla land Holl llow ows Insi side Waterl terlogge ogged -2 elev levati tions wetl tland holl llows ows (hil illocks, ocks, roll llers ers, et) lake kes Negativ ive e numbers ers mean n atmos mospheri heric c upta take e by the e ecos osyst ystem ems, s, posi siti tive - loss ss to the e atmosp mosphe here. re.
METHANE E FLUXES ES FROM M WETLA LAND ND MICROL OLANDSCA SCAPES PES IN TUNDRA DRA Waterlog ogged ged hollows 4.05 Hollows mgCH 4 /(m 2 h) Peatland d eleva vatio tions 2.82 2.6 2.38 mgCH 4 /(m 2 h) 0.09 1.89 1.85 1.54 1.46 0.07 0.05 0.73 0.64 0.66 0.03 0.21 0.02 0.01 This work This work Heyer et al., 2002 Heyer et al., 2002 Johnston et al., 2014 Johnston et al., 2014 Heikkenen et al., 2004 Heikkenen et al., 2004 Kazantsev, 2013 Kazantsev, 2013 Sabrekov et al., 2011 Sabrekov et al., 2011 This work Heyer et al., 2002 Johnston et al., 2014 Ivakhov et al., 2015 Kazantsev, 2013 Sabrekov et al., 2011 Inside de wetland d lakes s Lakes s 2.8 1.74 mgCH 4 /(m 2 h) mgCH 4 /(m 2 h) 1.21 1.6 1.3 0.5 0.9 0.36 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 2 3 1 k 1 r 0 1 Walter et al.,2007 0 0 0 o Kling et al.,1992 Whalen et al.,1990 Morrissey et al.,1992 Heikkinen et al.,2004 Zimov et al.,1997 Gal'chenko 2001 This work Golubyatnikov et al., 2013 2 2 w 2 , , , . v . s l l i a e a h s T t t t e n e r a v e z o y a k e K e H r b a S
LOCATION TION OF FIELD RESEARCH RCH AREAS Ice cover r seaso son: Septem tember er-Ju June Time period of exped editi tion ons: s: June & J July 201 2015, 2016 Yarneto Lake № 1: 10 3 m 2 , area: 5 10 depth: h: up to 2.0 m, sediment ents: s: sapropel pel, Lake №1 C content ent in sediment ents: s: 10.2-37. 7.6% 6% (67.38N, 78.61E) E) Lake № 2: Lake № 2 10 3 m 2 , area: 91 10 (67.36N, 78.61E) E) depth: up to 1.8 m, sedimen ents ts: : silty and c clay, C content ent in sedimen ents ts: 3.6-4. 4.9% 9%
Ca Calcu lculated lated spring pring me methan thane emis issions ons for or south outhern rn tu tund ndra ra lake lakes in in Western Western Si Siber beria ia are re rang anged from om 10 10% to to 40 40% of of the the tota otal methane hane emission on from the the lakes during ng the the warm period.
Based Based on on our ur cal calculat ulations, ns, the the co contributi ntribution of of sou southern hern tundra tundra ecosy osyst stems ems of of Wester Western Sib Siberi eria to to th the meth methane ne budget of budget of the the at atmospher osphere is is est stim imat ated ed ~200 200 KtCH tCH 4 pe per yea year, r, whi hich are are ~25 25% of of th the tota total metha methane ne emiss missio ion fro rom nor orth thern ern reg regio ion of of Weste Western rn Sibe Siberi ria and and ~7% of of metha thane emission issions for Wester tern Siber beria ia.
CONC NCLU LUSIO SIONS NS ❖ A sign ignif ificant cant part rt (~ (~83 83%) of of the the wet wetlan lands ds in in the the south outhern rn tundr tundra of of Western Western Si Siber beria ia is is occup occupied ied by by ho hollow ow mic icro rolan lands dsca capes pes. Pe Peat atland land eleva levations ons an and lake lakes in in the the we wetla tlands un under er con onsi siderat eratio ion occu occupy ~7% and and ~10 10% of of the the area respecti pectively vely. ❖ The The annual annual methane methane emi missions ons for or south outhern rn tundra tundra of of Western Western Si Siber beria is is eva valu luated ted as as 200 200 Kt Kt CH CH 4 , wh which ich is is about 7% of of methane hane emissions ons for Western tern Siberia ria.
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