Evgen Ev eny A. A. Zar arov ov 2 WETLA LANDS NDS AND LAKES - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

WETLA LANDS NDS AND LAKES KES IN SOU OUTHERN HERN TUNDR DRA OF OF WESTERN N SIBERI ERIA: A: LANDSC DSCAPE APE STRUCTURE E AND METHANE ANE EMISSI SSIONS ONS Leonid nid L. Golubya ubyatnikov tnikov1 Ev Evgen eny A.

• A. Zar

arov

• v2

Tomsk, July 05 – 11, 2018 ENVIROMIS-2018

1A.M.Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics RAS, Moscow 2Yugra State University, Khanty-Mansiysk

STUDY REGION ON IN WESTERN TERN SIBERIA Yasave vey y ( 67 67°35’ N, 78°91’ E E ) Yarneto to ( 67 67°22’ N, 78°37’ E E ) Gaz-Sale Sale ( 67 67°21’ N, 78°42 42’ E E )

Study site

Yasovey, 2010 Yarneto 2013,2014, 2015,2016 Gaz-Sale, 2015

Aim ims of

• f ou
• ur resear

earch ch:

• ana

analy lysis is of

• f the

the lan lands dscape cape/micr icroland landsca cape pe stru ructure cture of

• f

ecosys ystem tems based on

• n satellit

ite data and field surve veys ys,

• to

to ev evalu aluate ate methan methane exc exchan hange ge betwee etween the the at atmos

• sphere

here and wetl tland and/lak /lake ecosys yste tems in in south

• uthern

rn tundra ra of

• f Weste

tern rn Siberia.

ANALY LYSI SIS S OF THE LANDSC DSCAPE PE STRUCT UCTURE URE BASED ON SATELL ELLITE ITE DATA Landsat-8: medium-resolution satellite images spatial resolution: 30 m per pixel; image area: 36 200 km2 WorldView-2: high-resolution satellite images spatial resolution: 2 m per pixel; image area: 40 km2

Southern tundra Typical tundra Arctic tundra

Landsat Landsat WorldView WorldView

Landscapes Number of type Water 1 Dry land on mineral soil 2 Khasyrey 2 Hollow 3 Hillock-hollow complex 2 River floodplain 1 Sand formation 1 Territory under infrastructure 1 Structure of the landscape areas (%) in the Landsat images

Dry lands on mineral soil Lakes, ponds Khasyreys Hollows Hillock-hollow complex Sand River floodplain Infrastructure

6.6 4.1 0.7 22.5 11.6 6.9 39.8 7.8

An analysis of the Landsat-8 images made it possible to differentiate 13 classes of tundra landscapes.

Here “Water” is lakes and pond, “Khasyrey” is permafrost-formed dry lake basin.

Lakes, ponds Dry lands on mineral soil Peatland elevations Dry khasyreys Waterlogged hollows Hollows

2.0 11.1 8.9 48.9 12.3 16.8

Structure of the microlandscape areas (%) in WorldView images Microlandscapes Number of type Water 3 Dry lands on mineral soil and dry khasyreys 6 Peatland elevations (hillocks, rollers, etc.) 2 Hollows 3 Waterlogged hollows 5

An analysis of the WorldView-2 images made it possible to differentiate 19 classes of the land surface (microlandscapes).

COMPAR MPARISO ISON LANDS NDSCAPE CAPES AND MICR CROLAN ANDSC DSCAP APES

Landscap cape “Dry land with shrubs on mineral soil” Landscap cape “Wetland land khasyr yrey”

Lakes Wetlands ds Dry lands Lakes

Microland andscape cape:

% % of the e land ndsca cape e area rea

23.8 8.2 68.0 17.3 13.2 69.5 3.2 5.5 91.3 13.3 14.8 71.9

Landscap cape “Dry shrub ub-gra grass-lich chen land on mineral soil” Landscap cape “Hollow” Microland andscape cape:

Wetlands ds Dry lands Wetlands ds Wetlands ds Lakes Lakes Dry lands Dry lands

Us Using th the GI GIS GRASS GRASS the cl classes sses si singl gled out

• ut in

in th the Wo WorldV dView-2 images ges were re comp mpare red with th th thos

• se

in in the corr

• rresp

esponding Landsa sat-8 images. Areas s (%)

• f the south

ther ern tundra ra landsca capes es

(in n Landsat sat image ges)

37 44 5 14

Dry land nds Wetl tland nds Lakes es

*

* * - River r floo loodpla lains ns, Sand nd format mation ions, s, Terri rritory

• ry under

er infra frast struc uctur ure

MICROL OLANDSCAP SCAPE E AREAS S IN THE SOUTH THERN ERN TUNDRA DRA OF WESTERN TERN SIBERIA

WETLAND LAND MICROLANDSC LANDSCAPE APE AREAS AS IN THE SOUTH THERN ERN TUNDRA DRA OF WESTERN TERN SIBERIA

The e Wetl tland nds Typolo

• logic

gical Map

Wetlands Polygonalroller and polygonalfissure bogs Полигонально-валиковые и полигонально-трещиноватые Polygonal bogs combined with grass and mossdominated bogs Полигональные в сочетании с травяными и травяномоховыми Patterned (hollow and hollowpool) flatpalsa bogs Плоскобугристо- мочажинные и плоскобугристо-мочажинноозерковые Flatpalsa bogs combined with highpalsa bogs Плоскобугристые в сочетании с крупнобугристыми Shrub dominated tussock bog. Кустарничковые мелкокочковатые

17 66 7 10

Hillock cks, s, rolle lers rs Inside ide wetland and lakes Hollows ws Waterlo rlogged hollows ws

(% o

• f the southern tundra area)

MEASUREME UREMENT NT AND ANALY LYSI SIS S OF METHANE FLUXES ES

We We used sed dark rk st stati tic ch chambers mbers with manual sampling. The to total time me ex expo posit sition

• n was

30 30-60 60 minutes es. During this per period, d, fou four samp mples es wer ere taken ken with th an an interv terval of

• f 10

10-15 15 minutes tes incl cluding initial moment. Methane e concentra trati tion

• n in s

samples es was analyzed d using g a g gas chromatogra

• graph

(Crysta tal-500 5000. 0.2) 2) with a flame ionizati tion

• n detec

ecto tor. r. The gas samples es were taken for each microlandsca scape. e.

RESULTS ULTS OF MEASUREM UREMEN ENTS TS

Negativ ive e numbers ers mean n atmos mospheri heric c upta take e by the e ecos

• syst

ystem ems, s, posi siti tive - loss ss to the e atmosp mosphe here. re.

0.7 1.2 2.8 0.4 0.02

• 2

4 10 16

mgCH4/(m2 h)

Lakes es Peatla land elev levati tions (hil illocks,

• cks, roll

llers ers, et) Holl llow

• ws

Insi side wetl tland lake kes Waterl terlogge

• gged

holl llows

• ws

Methane Fluxes: Medians & Ranges

METHANE E FLUXES ES FROM M WETLA LAND ND MICROL OLANDSCA SCAPES PES IN TUNDRA DRA

2.38 4.05 1.46 2.6 1.89 2.82 0.73 0.66 0.64 0.21 1.85 1.54

Heyer et al., 2002 Heyer et al., 2002 Johnston et al., 2014 Johnston et al., 2014 Heikkenen et al., 2004 Heikkenen et al., 2004 Kazantsev, 2013 Kazantsev, 2013 Sabrekov et al., 2011 Sabrekov et al., 2011 This work This work mgCH4/(m2 h)

Hollows Waterlog

• gged

ged hollows

0.3 0.9 1.6 1.3 0.5 2.8 0.2 0.3 0.4 Kling et al.,1992 Whalen et al.,1990 Morrissey et al.,1992 Heikkinen et al.,2004 Zimov et al.,1997 Walter et al.,2007 Gal'chenko 2001 Golubyatnikov et al., 2013 This work mgCH4/(m2 h)

Lakes s

1.74 0.5 0.36 1.21

H e y e r e t a l . , 2 2 K a z a n t s e v , 2 1 3 S a b r e k

• v

e t a l . , 2 1 1 T h i s w

• r

k mgCH4/(m2 h)

Inside de wetland d lakes s

0.09 0.05 0.03 0.07 0.01 0.02

Heyer et al., 2002 Johnston et al., 2014 Ivakhov et al., 2015 Kazantsev, 2013 Sabrekov et al., 2011 This work mgCH4/(m2 h)

Peatland d eleva vatio tions

LOCATION TION OF FIELD RESEARCH RCH AREAS

Time period

• f exped

editi tion

• ns:

s: June & J July 201 2015, 2016 Lake №1 (67.38N, 78.61E) E) Lake №2 (67.36N, 78.61E) E) Ice cover r seaso son: Septem tember er-Ju June

Yarneto

Lake №1: area: 510 103 m2, depth: h: up to 2.0 m, sediment ents: s: sapropel pel, C content ent in sediment ents: s: 10.2-37. 7.6% 6% Lake №2: area: 9110 103 m2, depth: up to 1.8 m, sedimen ents ts: : silty and c clay, C content ent in sedimen ents ts: 3.6-4. 4.9% 9%

Ca Calcu lculated lated spring pring me methan thane emis issions

• ns for
• r south
• uthern

rn tu tund ndra ra lake lakes in in Western Western Si Siber beria ia are re rang anged from

• m 10

10% to to 40 40% of

• f the

the tota

• tal

methane hane emission

• n from the

the lakes during ng the the warm period.

Based Based on

• n our

ur cal calculat ulations, ns, the the co contributi ntribution of

• f sou

southern hern tundra tundra ecosy

• syst

stems ems of

• f Wester

Western Sib Siberi eria to to th the meth methane ne budget budget of

• f the

the at atmospher

• sphere is

is est stim imat ated ed ~200 200 KtCH tCH4 pe per yea year, r, whi hich are are ~25 25% of

• f th

the tota total metha methane ne emiss missio ion fro rom nor

• rth

thern ern reg regio ion of

• f Weste

Western rn Sibe Siberi ria and and ~7% of

• f

metha thane emission issions for Wester tern Siber beria ia.

CONC NCLU LUSIO SIONS NS

❖ A sign ignif ificant cant part rt (~ (~83 83%)

• f
• f

the the wet wetlan lands ds in in the the south

• uthern

rn tundr tundra of

• f Western

Western Si Siber beria ia is is occup

• ccupied

ied by by ho hollow

• w mic

icro rolan lands dsca capes

• pes. Pe

Peat atland land eleva levations

• ns an

and lake lakes in in the the we wetla tlands un under er con

• nsi

siderat eratio ion occu

• ccupy ~7% and

and ~10 10% of

• f the

the area respecti pectively vely. ❖ The The annual annual methane methane emi missions

• ns for
• r south
• uthern

rn tundra tundra of

• f

Western Western Si Siber beria is is eva valu luated ted as as 200 200 Kt Kt CH CH4, wh which ich is is about 7% of

• f methane

hane emissions

• ns for Western

tern Siberia ria.

This his wor

• rk

k was s suppo ported ted by the e Russ ssia ian Fou

• undation

dation of Basic ic Resear search ch (proj

• jec

ects s 14-05 05-00193 193, , 16 16-54 54-160 16005, 16 16-07 07-012 01205)