Evaluation of the Wallowa Stock Steelhead Fall Broodstock Experiment: Have We Accomplished Our Goals? Lance Clarke, Michael Flesher, Shelby Warren, and Richard Carmichael Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife
Wallowa S a Stock Stee eelhea ead Troy Wallowa Hatchery Joseph La Grande Union
Wallowa H a Hatch cher ery y Broodst stock ck • Stock founded from adults collected in spring at Ice Harbor (1976) and Little Goose (1977 & 1978) dams • Current broodstock sourced from spring returns to hatchery • Substantial fishery in Grande Ronde basin from Sept.−April
Snake River Hatchery Steelhead Stocks Lyons Ferry Dworshak B Pahsimeroi Wallowa Sawtooth Deschutes River basin Hells Canyon Imnaha
Average e Annual al D Desc schutes tes R River er S Straying B By Snake River Hatchery Steelhead Stocks (Based on 11-24 Years of Data) 20 RATE RAY RA % STRA 10 % 0 HATCHE CHERY P Y PROGRAM Error bars = 1 SE
Object ectives ves • Create a new hatchery line from Wallowa stock returning to Grande Ronde in autumn. Autumn Line may stray less and improve the autumn fishery. • Compare performance of Autumn Line with the standard Wallowa Stock. Is smolt outmigration survival similar? Does the Autumn Line return earlier? Are smolt -to- adult survival rates similar? Does the Autumn Line stray at a lower rate? Are contributions to fisheries different?
Broodsto tock Colle llectio tion a and H Handlin ling (Brood Years 2004 − 2007) • Upon landing, anglers placed hatchery fish in a tube – Oriented fish into flow, held up to 24 h – Fish PIT- tagged, transferred to Wallowa Hatchery, held for spawning
Washington Max. Density = 19.5 kg/m3 Oregon Idaho
Wallo llowa A Acclim limatio tion P Ponds Max. Density = 19.3 kg/m 3
Juvenile Steelhead Releases Number Released Number PIT tagged Brood Gen- Autumn andard Standard Autumn St Year eration 2004 F 1 170K 3,777 3,769 373K F 1 308K 2005 277K 3,567 3,566 F 1 221K 258K 2006 3,567 3,586 345K 140K 2007 F 1 3,558 6,914 2008 241K 3,599 5,203 F 2 129K ∗ Coded wire tags were implanted into 100K of Autumn Line and Standard Line juveniles for estimating stray rates.
Average Smolt Length and Condition Factor Brood Years 2004-07 Fork l len ength (m (mm) 25 20 Autumn Line, X = 213.6 PERCENT OF TOTAL Standard stock, X = 212.0 15 10 5 0 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 Conditi tion Facto tor 25 Autumn Line, X = 1.03 20 Standard stock, X = 1.06 15 10 5 0 0.80 0.90 1.00 1.10 1.20 1.30 1.40
Juvenile Performance % Outmigration Travel Time (d; ± SD) Survival (± CI) Autumn Standard Aut umn St andard Brood Year 2004 23.5 (7.0) 23.8 (7.6) 77 (2.1) 77 (3.0) 21.6 (11.5) 74 (5.3) 2005 22.4 (10.8) 73 (6.6) 30.1 (8.7) 2006 71 (22.3) 78 (41.0) 30.8 (6.7) 2007 31.3 (11.3) 84 (19.3) 84 (13.5) 33.1 (12.9) 18.3 (9.7) 17.3 (11.2) 82 (4.8) 2008 80 (3.9) Averages 25.1 77% 79% 25.3
Average Adult Steelhead Return Timing Average Adult Steelhead Return Timing F 1 Generation, (BY 2004-07) 25 Bonneville 20 Aug. 5 AUTUMN LINE Aug. 14 15 ED STANDARD STOCK ERED 10 RECOVER 5 0 25 McNary 20 Sept. 24 Aug. 31 ENT R 15 10 PERCEN 5 0 25 Lower Granite Oct. 6 20 Sept. 11 15 10 5 0 June Sept July Dec Aug Oct Nov MONTH TH
F 2 Generation Adult Return Timing BY 2008-11 25 Bonneville AUTUMN LINE 20 STANDARD STOCK 15 ED 10 ERED 5 RECOVER 0 25 McNary 20 15 ENT R 10 PERCEN 5 0 25 Lower Granite 20 15 10 5 0 June Sept July Dec Aug Nov Oct MONTH
Smol Smolt-to to-Adul ult Sur Survival t to o Bonne onneville D Dam (F 1 28% difference, significant, P = 0.004) Autumn line, F 1 generation 7 Standard stock SURVIVAL Autumn line, F 2 generation 6 5 PERCENT SU 4 3 2 One-Ocean PER Returns 1 0 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 BRO BROOD Y YEAR AR
Smol Smolt-to to-Adul ult Sur Survival t to o Low Lower G Grani nite D Dam (F 1 significantly different, P < 0.001) Autumn line, F 1 generation 4 Standard stock SURVIVAL Autumn line, F 2 generation 3.5 3 PERCENT SU 2.5 2 1.5 PER One-Ocean 1 Returns 0.5 0 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 BROOD Y BRO YEAR AR
Smol Smolt-to to-Adul ult Sur Survival Comp omparison on PI PIT T TAG D G DER ERIVED ED CWT D DER ERIVED ED Brood Autumn Standard Autumn Standard Year Line Stock Line Stock 2004 1.8 1.3 1.4 1.1 2005 1.9 1.7 3.7 1.6 2006 1.8 1.3 1.2 1.0 2007 5.9 4.7 3.4 3.3 Mean = 2.9 2.3 2.4 1.8
Age At Return Autumn line, F 1 generation Standard stock 100 Autumn line, F 2 generation 80 TS ULTS N ADUL 60 CEAN A 40 % 1-OCE % 1 20 0 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 BRO BROOD Y YEAR AR
Percen ent o of S Steel eelhead ad t that S Strayed arged Fi And d th the P Perce cent o of B Bar Fish Autumn line, F 1 generation Standard stock 20 Autumn line, F 2 generation NDEX 46.0% 94.0% 76.0% 47.0% 41.0% INDE 15 TE I RATE TRAY R 10 % STR 5 239 113 66 171 41 95 57 23 46 51 0 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 BRO BROOD Y YEAR AR
Deschutes River COLU LUMBIA R RIVER ER Basin Mouth (RK 0) >90% o 90% of W Wal allowa s a sto tock str trays ar are e in D Des eschutes es ~85% o 85% of s str tray f from above Shera rars rs Fa Falls Sherars Falls (RK 69) Warm Springs National Fish Hatchery (RK 154) Pelton Trap (RK 161) 20 20 0 40 Kilometers
PIT Tag Detections in Deschutes and at McNary Number Later Number Percent Later Experimental Detected at Run Year Detected at Detected at Group McNary or Sherars Falls McNary or Above Above 2007-08 Autumn Line 5 0 0 Standard Stock 7 5 71 2008-09 Autumn Line 6 1 17 Standard Stock 3 0 0 2009-10 Autumn Line 19 4 21 Standard Stock 15 2 13 2010-11 Autumn Line 5 2 40 Standard Stock 5 0 0 Total Autumn Line 35 7 20 Total Standard Stock 30 7 23
Compens nsation P on Plan F Fishe herie ies
Harvest st T Timing i in the G e Grande R Ronde Basi sin (run years 2006-07 to 2010-11) EST 40 Lower G er Grande R e Ronde Wallowa HARVES 35 Autumn line 30 OF TOTAL H Standard stock 25 20 PERCENT OF 15 10 5 PER 0 85 451 88 554 106 138 681 718 87 Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Feb Mar Apr MONTH TH
Harvest in the Compensation Area SMOLTS 4.5 Autumn line, X = 9.4 4.0 /1,000 S 3.5 Standard stock, X = 8.0 3.0 2.5 ED / ESTED 2.0 HARVEST 1.5 1.0 No. H 0.5 0.0 Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar April MONTH TH Error bars = 1 SE
Conc onclusion ons • Autumn Line F 1 adults pass Lower Granite Dam earlier, provide increased autumn fishing opportunities in Grande Ronde River. Will F 2 and subsequent generations continue to return earlier? • Greater Autumn Line survival to adulthood. Is it just because they return at an earlier ocean age? Will the trend continue? • No apparent straying benefit to Autumn Line. Will stray rates remain low for all release groups? Are there other broodstock, rearing, or release strategies that can be used to reduce straying.
Fut Futur ure Pl Plans ns f for or the he A Aut utumn Li n Line ne 1. Brood Year 2012: Increase smolt production to 240,000 smolts (30% of entire Wallowa stock production). Maintain current marking and tagging to assess whether F 3 generation performs similarly to F 1 generation. 2. Brood Year 2013 and beyond: Increase Autumn Line production to 320,000 smolts in BY 2013, 400,000 smolts in BY 2014. • Releasing both lines would benefit autumn and spring fishing periods, provided future generations perform similarly to the F 1 generation. • Autumn Line may require occasional refreshing with new broodstock collected via angling in the Grande Ronde in autumn. • During this time, straying information from F 1 and F 2 generations will continue to be collected and assessed. • The ability of the hatchery to concurrently spawn, rear, and release Autumn Line and standard production groups (each consisting of 400,000 smolts) will impact future decisions.
Acknow owle ledgeme ments • Many thanks to the 192 anglers and volunteers for: – 7,000 hours – 111,000 miles of travel – 2500 meals served • ODFW Wallowa Hatchery and NE Region fish liberation staff • Rick Madigan – Wenaha Wildlife Area • Volunteers from local state and tribal agencies
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