Preliminary results from an evaluation of the BluePump in Turkana, Kenya Tim Foster Institute for Sustainable Futures, University of Technology Sydney Tim Foster, Brian McSorley, Juliet Willetts Le 7 ème Forum du // 7 th Forum of the Rural Water Supply Network : Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire (29.11.2016 – 02.12.2016)
1: Introduction • Developed by Fairwater Foundation • Marketed as a more durable pump • Deployed by Oxfam in Northern Kenya • Design features: o Open top cylinder o Piston has no rubber seal o Heavy duty bearings o PVC pipes o Bottom support o Compatible with IM2 & Afridev pedestal Le 7 ème Forum du // 7 th Forum of the Rural Water Supply Network : Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire (29.11.2016 – 02.12.2016)
2.Objectifs / Objectives Is the BluePump a suitable rural water supply technology? Social Operational Technical Financial Le 7 ème Forum du // 7 th Forum of the Rural Water Supply Network : Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire (29.11.2016 – 02.12.2016)
3: Contexte / Context Turkana characteristics Pop. density (per sq km) 6.9 Predominant livelihood Pastoral Annual rainfall (mm) 100-400 Avg. borehole RWL (m) 30 (up to 75) Avg. pH 7.5 Maintenance provider Diocese of Lodwar India Mk II, Afridev, Duba Handpump technologies Tropic 2, BluePump Le 7 ème Forum du // 7 th Forum of the Rural Water Supply Network : Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire (29.11.2016 – 02.12.2016)
4. Méthodes/Methods • Data collected at 142 waterpoints o Operational performance o Technical issues o Water user perceptions o Waterpoint characteristics • Review of maintenance records • Technology Applicability Framework workshop Le 7 ème Forum du // 7 th Forum of the Rural Water Supply Network : Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire (29.11.2016 – 02.12.2016)
Le 7 ème Forum du // 7 th Forum of the Rural Water Supply Network : Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire (29.11.2016 – 02.12.2016)
5. Résultats / Results (I) Functionality rate Breakdowns per year 1.3 100% 1.4 76.9% 1.2 67.6% 80% 61.8% 0.9 1 0.8 60% 41.7% 0.8 40% 0.6 0.4 0.4 20% 0.2 0% 0 India Mark II Duba Afridev Blue Pump India Mark II Duba Afridev Blue Pump Avg. operational days per year Avg. discharge (lpm) 400 25 21.0 305 285 20 300 255 14.6 13.1 15 11.3 167 200 10 100 5 0 0 India Mark II Duba Afridev Blue Pump India Mark II Duba Afridev Blue Pump Results subject to a number of caveats and limitations Le 7 ème Forum du // 7 th Forum of the Rural Water Supply Network : Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire (29.11.2016 – 02.12.2016)
5. Résultats / Results (II) % of users satisfied with… Ease of use Discharge Reliability 97% 100% 100% 100% 92% 81% 80% 73% 75% 80% 80% 74% 73% 69% 69% 56% 60% 60% 60% 42% 40% 40% 40% 25% 20% 20% 20% 0% 0% 0% Le 7 ème Forum du // 7 th Forum of the Rural Water Supply Network : Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire (29.11.2016 – 02.12.2016)
6. TAF Workshop Uncertainty about BluePump 2-3 times where to procure more expensive than BluePumps IM2 & Afridev Disagreement about viability of spare part supply chain Maintenance service provider has the skills, tools and parts to repair BluePump Le 7 ème Forum du // 7 th Forum of the Rural Water Supply Network : Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire (29.11.2016 – 02.12.2016)
7. Leçons apprises / Lessons Learned • BluePump appears to break down less often than India Mk II and Afridev • BUT 1 in 3 not producing water: more robust technology does not supplant need for maintenance • Other key trade-offs: more difficult to operate & higher upfront cost • Comparative analysis needs to consider differences in age, depth, usage level & maintenance regime o Turkana conditions unique but similar results from the Gambia Le 7 ème Forum du // 7 th Forum of the Rural Water Supply Network : Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire (29.11.2016 – 02.12.2016)
Remerciements / With thanks to Oxfam (Sepharinus Owino, Nicholas Sikenyi, Mark Nakalale and Robert Samal); University of Technology Sydney; all stakeholders and water users who participated in the assessment; members of the evaluation advisory group; and André Olschewski for his guidance on the TAF. Le 7 ème Forum du // 7 th Forum of the Rural Water Supply Network : Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire (29.11.2016 – 02.12.2016)
Appendix I: Handpumps in Turkana BluePump Afridev India Mark II Duba Tropic 2 Technical characteristics Operation Lever Lever Lever Rotary Depth range <80m <45m <80m <100m Open-top cylinder Yes Yes No Yes Rising mains PVC PVC Galvanised iron Galvanised iron Domain Private Public Public Private Supply chain Location of manufacturer Netherlands India India Belgium Location of suppliers Nairobi Lodwar, Nairobi Lodwar, Nairobi Belgium Oxfam, Practical County Government, County Government, Buyers Diocese of Lodwar Action Diocese of Lodwar Diocese of Lodwar Le 7 ème Forum du // 7 th Forum of the Rural Water Supply Network : Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire (29.11.2016 – 02.12.2016)
Appendix II: Mean characteristics of handpumps visited BluePump India Mark II Afridev Duba Tropic 2 Mean characteristics (n=71) (n=34) (n=24) (n=13) Cylinder depth (m) 42 36 12 56 SWL (m) 27 21 8 - Boreholes (%) 84.5 91.4 28.0 100 Age (years) 3.6 4.6 8.6 13.2 Distance to spare parts & technicians (km) 86 81 97 92 Electrical conductivity (μS/cm) 1897 1629 922 1062 pH 7.6 7.5 7.5 7.4 Diocese of Lodwar maintenance subscription 34 41 21 85 (%) Le 7 ème Forum du // 7 th Forum of the Rural Water Supply Network : Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire (29.11.2016 – 02.12.2016)
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