EU COHESION POLICY IN THE PUBLIC SPHERE: HOW DO THE MEDIA FRAME EU - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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EU COHESION POLICY IN THE PUBLIC SPHERE: HOW DO THE MEDIA FRAME EU - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

EU COHESION POLICY IN THE PUBLIC SPHERE: HOW DO THE MEDIA FRAME EU COHESION POLICY? Results from the COHESIFY media analysis VasilikiTriga Cyprus University of Technology COHESIFY Final Conference, Brussels 26 April, 2018 The COHESIFY project


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EU COHESION POLICY IN THE PUBLIC SPHERE: HOW DO THE MEDIA FRAME EU COHESION POLICY?

Results from the COHESIFY media analysis

VasilikiTriga Cyprus University of Technology COHESIFY Final Conference, Brussels 26 April, 2018

The COHESIFY project (February 2016-April 2018) has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 693127

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Footnotes 1 Reactions: number of comments, retweets, likes, shares...etc.

Cohesify Universe Volume Reactions1 Unique Users Web media articles (11 lang) 33,842 N/A N/A Framing Analysis Stratified sample (11 lang) 2,714 N/A N/A Computational Analysis (ENG/ES) Web media articles 4,092 33,183 N/A User Comments 33,183 N/A 7,945 Social Media (Facebook) 3,601 60,132 2,321 Social Media (Twitter) 19,653 37,886 13,298

Table: Dataset Overview

MEDIA DATASET: Overview

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1 FRAMING ANALYSIS

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How is Cohesion Policy

FRAMED in the news?

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Job creation Development Research & Innovation Financial Burden

FRAMES

Environment Social justice Public services Infrastructure Cultural heritage Cultural development Mismanagement

  • f funds

Bureaucracy Fail to inform public/applicants Restore order

1

2

ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES QUALITY OF LIFE CULTURE

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INCOMPETENCE OF LOCAL GOVERNANCE

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SUBFRAMES

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Political Leverage Political Capital Empowerment

FRAMES

External relations Tackling brain drain Sovereignty Civic participation/ Collaboration Social Awareness Solidarity Corruption Fraud

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6

POWER NATIONAL INTERESTS COHESION

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MISUSE OF FUNDS

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SUBFRAMES

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Are the dominant frames POSITIVE or NEGATIVE?

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Cohesion policy mainly framed in terms of economic gains (34%), and impact on citizens’ everyday lives (27%)

13.4% 34.2% 27.3% 4.1% 9.0% 4.1% 1.0% 2.9% 3.8% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% No frame Economic consequences (Frame 1) Quality of life (Frame 2) Culture (Frame 3) Incompetence of local/ national authorities (Frame 4) Power (Frame 5) National Interests (Frame 6) Cohesion (Frame 7) Fund abuse (Frame 8)

(All cases, n= 2714) The negative frames are less frequent: ‘Incompetence’ (9%), ‘Power’ (5%) and ‘Fund Misuse’ (4%)

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COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS: THE DOMINANT FRAMES

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12.5 17.9 18.3 20.2 21.5 21.7 21.8 24.3 27.9 31.1 42.2 43.2 46.9 49.2 0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0

Quality of life (Frame 2)

22.3 22.8 25.7 27.6 29.7 30.3 31.1 31.5 32.1 33.3 42.3 47.2 47.6 54.7 10 20 30 40 50 60

Economic Consequences (Frame 1)

The key positive and dominant frames are especially prevalent in Sl, CY, IE & UK, NL, IT

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COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS: THE NEGATIVE FRAMES

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1.8 2.5 4.0 4.2 6.3 7.8 7.8 8.7 9.3 9.9 10.6 11.5 12.4 21.7 5 10 15 20 Hungary Ireland UK Netherlands Greece Slovenia Cyprus Italy Total European/ … Spain Germany Poland Romania

Incompetence of local/ national authorities (Frame 4)

.6% 1.3% 2.3% 2.5% 2.5% 3.2% 3.6% 4.0% 4.7% 5.4% 5.5% 6.7% 7.2% 12.9% 0% 5% 10% 15% Cyprus Hungary Poland Ireland Greece Italy UK Total Slovenia Netherlands Romania Germany Spain European/ …

Power (Frame 5)

‘Incompetence’ frame is twice higher than average in Romania ‘Power’ frame by EU media is 3 times higher than average - Emphasis on political bargaining

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COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS: THE LEAST SALIENT FRAMES

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0% 0% 0% .4% .4% .5% .8% .8% .8% 1.0% 1.2% 1.3% 2.9% 3.1% 0% 1% 2% 3% 4% Ireland Cyprus European/ … Romania Hungary Italy Poland UK Greece Total Netherlands Spain Germany Slovenia

National Interests (Frame 6)

0% 0% .3% .5% .8% .9% 1.6% 2.2% 2.5% 2.7% 2.8% 5% 6% 20.2% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% Spain Cyprus Poland Italy Greece Romania Slovenia Hungary Ireland Total UK European/ … Netherlands Germany

Cohesion (Frame 7)

0% 0% .4% .5% 1% 1.9% 2.3% 2.4% 3.4% 5.1% 8.9% 8.9% 10.2% 10.7% 0% 5% 10% 15% Ireland Cyprus Greece Slovenia Poland Germany Italy UK Total Spain European/ … Romania Hungary Netherlands

Fund abuse (Frame 8)

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TOWARS EU IDENTITY THROUGH POSITIVE NEWS?

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89% 79% 78% 75% 69% 62% 56% 55% 48% 37% 25% 16% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Positive News Valence

Positive EU news promotes a sense belonging in a community Majority of news is positive in most cases…. … less than 50% in some cases (EU

media, DE, IT, RO) – but large neutral

(factual) component, not negative

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TOWARS EU IDENTITY THROUGH EUROPEANISED NEWS?

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58% 20% 19% 12% 12% 11% 8% 8% 4% 3% 3% 3% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%

Europeanisation of News

The EU dimension of news contributes to a European public sphere But only European media presents news from a European perspective

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FRAMING: Conclusions

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The media does frame Cohesion Policy

  • shaping the way EU is understood,

interpreted & evaluated

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FRAMING: Conclusions

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Cohesion Policy frames are rich & diverse

2

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FRAMING: Conclusions

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The framing of Cohesion Policy is positive

  • verall (Economic consequences, Quality of life)

3

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FRAMING: Conclusions

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But Europeanised discourse is low

(nationalised discourses)

4

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FRAMING: Conclusions

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Regional media frame positively (effects on

daily lives), national media focus more on

criticism against the national government

5

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2 COMPUTATIONAL TEXT ANALYSIS

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COMPUTATIONAL TEXT ANALYSIS: Online news and social media

Topic modelling Discovers topics from text documents (e.g. news articles, tweets, posts, etc.) and can handle ‘big data’ Sentiment analysis Opinion mining approach to determine polarity of text (positive, negative or neutral) using a dictionary

  • f words
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NEWS MEDIA: Topics & proportions

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Figure: Estimates of topic proportions based on structural topic model (n=4.092) Topics have been assigned short labels for facilitating interpretability.

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THE TERRITORIAL DIMENSION: National vs regional news focus

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Figure: Logit estimates of effect size of changing from one category to another. Note: Error bars that do not overlap with the zero line are statistically significant. Positive coefficients mean that the topic receives more emphasis at the “national” level, while negative coefficients imply that the regional level emphasises the topic more.

(a) Spain (b) UK

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NEWS MEDIA: Sentiment analysis

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Figure: Comparison of sentiment per territorial level. The sentiment analysis was performed on the English language sources, which means that "Regional" and "National" refer to UK

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USER COMMENTS: International

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Figure: Sentiment analysis of User Comments from international-focused media.

Most commentary is neutral, though punctuated by NEGATIVE COMMENTARY

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USER COMMENTS: UK

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Figure: Sentiment analysis of User Comments from UK media.

Most of the sentiment associated with USER COMMENTS is negative, especially for the Daily Mail

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FACEBOOK (ENG): Activity stats

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Figure: Evolution of Facebook activity statistics over time

From 2012-2013, levels of FB activity are steadily INCREASING.

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FACEBOOK: Sentiment analysis of Facebook posts

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Most sentiment is NEUTRAL

  • r POSITIVE

MORE POSITIVE posts in Spanish than English

(b) Spanish (a) English

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TWITTER (ES): Topic proportions & sentiment

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12,7K tweets in Spain (compared to 7,3K in UK) BUT NEED MORE TIME!

Figure: Sentiment analysis of tweets.

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COMPUTATIONAL ANALYSIS: Conclusions (i)

Large variation across 3 cases in Cohesion Policy topic emphasis and coverage Topics mirror thematic Objectives and broader EU political themes, e.g. Conditionality & EU affairs/Brexit& Irregularities Significant territorial differences in topic emphasis & sentiment analysis e.g. EU affairs focus at national level

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COMPUTATIONAL ANALYSIS: Conclusions (ii)

News comments contain morenegative sentiment (esp. UK) Facebook activity increasing over time, but most sentiment neutral

  • not surprising as mostly about objective information

Twitter analysis reveals also neutral sentiment

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THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION!

ANY QUESTIONS ?

vasiliki.triga@cut.ac.cy