ETTYSAL Ending Terrorism through Tunisian Youth Service Action - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

ETTYSAL

Ending Terrorism through Tunisian Youth Service Action Locally

2018 WORLD CONGRESS ON JUSTICE FOR CHILDREN Strengthening justice systems for children: Challenges, including disengagement from violent extremism UNESCO HOUSE PARIS 28th - 30th MAY 2018

Halima Bali Mrad Tunisia Country Representative

Contents

• Introduction
• The Model
• YSET Adaptation: Tool

Refinement and Threshold Setting

• CVE AYSET Risk Factors
• Youth Behavioral Profile for

Referral

• Family-Centered Intervention
• Most Common Problems in

ETTYSAL Youth

• Examples of Adapted Solutions
• ETTYSAL Results
• Lessons Learned

Introduction

• Period of performance: 18 months
• Award amount: 1,000,000
• Target population: Youth ages 13-25
• Location: Manouba and Kasserine
• Participants: Direct beneficiaries

100 youth and their families; Indirect beneficiaries

• Partners: University of Southern

California, University of Tunis, University of Zitouna, National Youth Observatory, Amal Association, Fanni Raghman Anni, IIDebate

Kasserine Manouba

Theory of Change:

ETTYSAL’s Theory of Change is based

• n building community capacity to

identify and modify the behavior of youth at high risk of joining Violent Extremist Organizations (VEOs).

The Model

Risk factors and associated behaviors are embedded in, and reinforced by the family’s relational interactions/dynamics. If behaviors associated with risk factors are identified and used as a lever to engage significant members of the family in changing those behaviors, relational sequences are improved and risk factors and associated behaviors are reduced/changed. Family Systems Prevention and Intervention Model Two interrelated steps: Diagnostic phase (through the application of the AYSET) Family counseling

YSET Adaptation: Tool refinement and threshold setting

• Pilot with 10 youth to analyze scores
• 6 out of 12 risk factors makes a youth eligible for the intervention
• Gang YSET has 9 nine risk factors. 4 out 9 risk factors makes a youth

eligible for secondary prevention services.

• Adapted tool used to test a total of 600 youth from Manouba and

Kasserine

Adaptation of Risk Factors/ Scales A, B, C, DE, F, G, IJ, H, T

SCALE A : Antisocial Tendencies SCALE B : Weak Parental Supervision SCALE C : Critical Life Events SCALE: DE : Impulsive Risk Taking SCALE F : Neutralization of Guilt SCALE G : Peer Influence SCALE IJ : Deviant Behaviors SCALE T : Family radicalization SCALE H: Influence of Radical Peers Addition of Risk Factors/Scales SV, R1, R2 SCALE SV : Social Vulnerability SCALE R1 : Religious Extremism - Concerning behaviors SCALE R2 : Religious Extremism - Alarming behaviors

9 YSET Risk factors kept with adaptation 3 AYSET Risk factors Added for CVE

CVE AYSET Risk Factors

• Isolation from family and community
• Spending extensive amounts of time alone in cafes or in the streets
• Spending large amounts of time on social networks
• Sudden change in habits/spending too much time in mosques
• Viewing violent postings
• Adopting deviant behaviors
• Dropping out of school
• Displaying violent behaviors towards the police
• Negative discourse towards local government officials
• Entertaining relations with VEO recruiters
• No effort to find a job
• Showing radical and violent behaviors
• Drug and alcohol abuse

Youth Behavioral Profile for Referral

Family-Centered Intervention

Counseling Per Phase

• Vertical Strategy

 Construction of the genogram

• Horizontal Strategy

 Stages of problem-solving Problems Solutions

Why the Use of the Genogram?

• Help families identify their strengths and weaknesses across generations;
• Help the counselor understand the links, the influences and vulnerabilities
• f the individuals and the conflicts inside the group;
• Help the counselor understand the attachment system that establishes the

relational matrix, the harmonious, difficult or fusional relationships;

• Allow to consider the pattern of functioning of the family as a whole;
• Highlight all the major events that have affected them (births, marriages,

separations, divorces, major diseases, death, job failures, etc.)

Steps for Problem-Solving

Step 1

• Announce to the family the strategies put in place with the strategy team

Step 2

• Establish clear definition of the problem (the behavior must be separated from the

identity)

Step 3 • Identify the solutions tested Step 4 • Establish clear indicators of change in behavior Step 5 • Choose an intervention based on a well defined hypothesis Step 6 • Assign tasks (simple and feasible)

Family Radicalization

The ETTYSAL model is based on the powerful finding that the «Family is the channel of culture and beliefs!» Family Counselors identified mothers as a key partner to recognize, predict, and address exposures to VE.

• Family Counselors empowered mothers to offer expressive

counternarratives to dehumanize extremist acts; Fathers and male family members are central in reframing philosophies of masculinity that VE narratives are using to manipulate youth.

• Family Counselors emphasized fathers’ participation to de-construct such

beliefs and narratives by promoting family values.

Impulsive Risk Taking

Impulsive risk taking is a cognitive vulnerability factor used by VEOs

• Family Counselors supported youth through co-regulation techniques to put

in place adapted alternative behaviors;

• Family intervention reduced the severity of these traits by increasing control
• ver behaviors and insistence toward adapted goals, such as social

accomplishments and educational commitments;

• Family Counselors provided youth life opportunities, helping them discover

their skills and talents and how to act in a constructive manner;

Most Common Problems in ETTYSAL Youth

ETTYSAL Results

AYSET-T1 to AYSET-T3 (12 months)

42.66 36.6 20.43 0.78 10.07 51.12 13.44 28.09 15.24 14.36 19.6 21.9 33.62 25.43 16.31 0.12 7.88 44.75 10.15 16.99 8.25 13.21 14.43 15.60 21.185 30.524 20.151 84.301 21.760 12.467 24.457 39.516 45.850 8.013 26.368 28.762 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 SV - Social_Vulnerability R2 - Religious Extremism 2 (Worrying Behaviors) R1 - Religious Extremism 1 (Concerning Behaviors) T - Family Radicalization H - Peer Radicalization Influence IJ - Deviant Behaviors G - Peer Influence F - Neutralization Of Guilt DE - Impulsive Risk Taking C - Critical Life Events B - Weak Parental Supervision A - Antisocial Tendencies % CHANGE AYSET-T3 AYSET-T1

ETTYSAL Results

Number of Eligible Youth/Number of youth N of youth who have risk factors at the end of the program MORANGUIA 0/20 5 youth have 1 risk factor, 1 youth have 2 risk factors DOUARHICHER 0/30 8 youth have 1 risk factor, 5 youth have 2 risk factors, 6 youth have 3 risk factors, 1 youth have 5 risk factors EZZOUHOUR 3/17 1 youth have 1 risk factor, 4 youth have 2 risk factors, 3 youth have 3 risk factors, 1 youth have 4 risk factors, 3 youth have 5 risk factors, 1 youth have 6 risk factors, 2 youth have 7 risk factors ESSOUROUR 1/16 5 youth have 1 risk factor, 5 youth have 2 risk factors, 4 youth have 3 risk factors, 1 youth have 5 risk factors, 1 youth have 7 risk factors ELKARMA 1/16 5 youth have 1 risk factor, 2 youth have 2 risk factors, 1 youth have 4 risk factors, 3 youth have 5 risk factors, 1 youth have 6 risk factors Total 5

95% youth are no longer at the secondary level of risk

• Approaches from youth violence prevention field are

relevant for P/CVE

• Public health model is important for addressing P/CVE
• P/CVE programs to target individuals must be grounded
• n data and evidence
• Families are a key actor in P/CVE
• Focus on behaviors not identity
• Youth should be seen as the solution
• Strong demand for the program

Lessons learned

QUESTIONS?