Environmental Health Office of Environmental Health Bureau of Epidemiology and Disease Control azdhs.gov He alth and We llne ss fo r all Ar izo nans 1
Environmental Health INTRODUCTION azdhs.gov He alth and We llne ss fo r all Ar izo nans 2
What is Health? • According to the World Health Organization, health is – A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. Adapted from: http://ocw.jhsph.edu/courses/EnvironmentalHealth/PDFs/Lecture1.pdf azdhs.gov He alth and We llne ss fo r all Ar izo nans 3
What is Environmental Health? • The segment of public health that is concerned with assessing, understanding, and controlling the impacts of people on their environment and the impacts of the environment on them. Moeller, Dade. Environmental Health. 1992 azdhs.gov He alth and We llne ss fo r all Ar izo nans 4
Progression of Disease Person Disease Death azdhs.gov He alth and We llne ss fo r all Ar izo nans 5
Public Health: 3 models Environment Clinical Intervention Model Public Disease Death Environment Public Health Intervention Model Public Disease Death Adapted from: http://ocw.jhsph.edu/courses/EnvironmentalHealth/PDFs/Lecture1.pdf azdhs.gov He alth and We llne ss fo r all Ar izo nans 6
Public Health: 3 models Environment Environmental Stewardship Model Public Disease Death Adapted from: http://ocw.jhsph.edu/courses/EnvironmentalHealth/PDFs/Lecture1.pdf azdhs.gov He alth and We llne ss fo r all Ar izo nans 7
Environmental health Q: What are hazardous substances? Q: Where do you find A: Chemical, hazardous bacteria, substances? physical A: Air, soil, Q: Are people water, food, built being environment affected? A: Eating, Q: What is drinking, exposure? breathing, touching azdhs.gov He alth and We llne ss fo r all Ar izo nans 8
Environmental Contamination • Chemical – Air pollutants, toxic wastes, pesticides, VOCs • Biologic – Disease organisms present in food and water – Insect and animal allergens • Physical – Noise, ionizing and non-ionizing radiation • Socioeconomic – Access to safe and sufficient health care Adapted from: http://ocw.jhsph.edu/courses/EnvironmentalHealth/PDFs/Lecture1.pdf azdhs.gov He alth and We llne ss fo r all Ar izo nans 9
Environmental Health Fields • Sanitation – Inspections of food establishments, water treatment facilities, sanitation facilities for compliance with public health laws/codes • Environmental epidemiology – Associations between exposure to environmental agents and subsequent development of disease • Environmental toxicology – Causal mechanisms between exposure and subsequent development of disease Adapted from: http://ocw.jhsph.edu/courses/EnvironmentalHealth/PDFs/Lecture1.pdf azdhs.gov He alth and We llne ss fo r all Ar izo nans 10
Environmental Health Fields, cont. • Environmental engineering – Factors that govern and reduce exposure – Built environment • Preventive medicine – Factors that govern and reduce disease development • Law – Development of appropriate legislation to protect public health Adapted from: http://ocw.jhsph.edu/courses/EnvironmentalHealth/PDFs/Lecture1.pdf azdhs.gov He alth and We llne ss fo r all Ar izo nans 11
Topics in Environmental Health – Rodents and Insects – Toxicology – Injury Control – Epidemiology – Electromagnetic – Workplace Radiation (Occupational Health) – Environmental Law – Air in the Home and – Standards Community – Monitoring – Food Safety – Risk Assessment – Drinking Water – Energy – Liquid Waste – Disaster Response – Solid Waste – Climate azdhs.gov He alth and We llne ss fo r all Ar izo nans 12
Environmental Health Agencies • Federal • State – Environmental – Arizona Department of Protection Agency Health Services – Agency for Toxic – Arizona Department of Substances and Disease Environmental Quality Control • Local – Food and Drug Administration – County Health – Centers for Disease Departments Control and Prevention – County Environmental – Indian Health Services Services Departments azdhs.gov He alth and We llne ss fo r all Ar izo nans 13
Environmental Health ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY PROGRAM, ADHS azdhs.gov He alth and We llne ss fo r all Ar izo nans 14
Environmental Toxicology Program • Funding: – Through a cooperative agreement with the ATSDR (The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry) • Purpose: – To respond to requests to evaluate potential environmental impacts on public health and provide technical guidance for site activities, while using the best available science • Outcome: – This partnership provides ADHS with the necessary resources to investigate environmental health concerns and report findings azdhs.gov He alth and We llne ss fo r all Ar izo nans 15
Environmental Toxicology Program • Respond to communities and agencies that are concerned people might be being exposed to harmful substances in the environment • Use public health risk assessment to determine how hazardous a site is or has been • Recommend actions that need to be taken to safe guard the health of community residents • Educate communities statewide about hazardous chemicals and substances azdhs.gov He alth and We llne ss fo r all Ar izo nans 16
How we will communicate with communities • Public meetings • Reports • Fact sheets • Web site • Other azdhs.gov He alth and We llne ss fo r all Ar izo nans 17
Environmental Health PUBLIC HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT azdhs.gov He alth and We llne ss fo r all Ar izo nans 18
What is Risk? azdhs.gov He alth and We llne ss fo r all Ar izo nans 19
What is Risk? azdhs.gov He alth and We llne ss fo r all Ar izo nans 20
What is Safe? • Free from harm or risk • Secure from threat of danger, harm, or loss • Zero risk Adapted from: http://ocw.jhsph.edu/courses/EnvironmentalHealth/PDFs/Lecture1.pdf azdhs.gov He alth and We llne ss fo r all Ar izo nans 21
What is Risk? • Possibility of loss or injury, peril • The chance of loss; the degree of probability of such loss Adapted from: http://ocw.jhsph.edu/courses/EnvironmentalHealth/PDFs/Lecture1.pdf azdhs.gov He alth and We llne ss fo r all Ar izo nans 22
Solving the problem • Risk Assessment 1. Define the problem 2. Measure its determinants Determinant = any factor or variable that can affect the • frequency with which a disease occurs in a population • Risk Management 3. Develop intervention/prevention strategies 4. Set policy/priorities 5. Implement and evaluate Adapted from: http://ocw.jhsph.edu/courses/EnvironmentalHealth/PDFs/Lecture1.pdf azdhs.gov He alth and We llne ss fo r all Ar izo nans 23
Components of Risk Assessment and Risk Management Health Effects Evaluation & Dose-Response Assessment Hazard Risk Risk Identification Characterization Management Exposure Assessment azdhs.gov He alth and We llne ss fo r all Ar izo nans
azdhs.gov He alth and We llne ss fo r all Ar izo nans 25
26
Health Effects • Adverse vs. beneficial • Acute vs. delayed onset • Clinical vs. subclinical manifestations • Transient (reversible) vs. chronic (irreversible) azdhs.gov He alth and We llne ss fo r all Ar izo nans 27
Severity of Adverse Health Effects Death Significant disease Manifest dysfunction Clinical nuisance effects Sub-clinical chronic alterations Acute reversible (functional) effects Population Exposed Adapted from: http://ocw.jhsph.edu/courses/EnvironmentalHealth/PDFs/Lecture1.pdf azdhs.gov He alth and We llne ss fo r all Ar izo nans 28
azdhs.gov He alth and We llne ss fo r all Ar izo nans 29
azdhs.gov He alth and We llne ss fo r all Ar izo nans 30
Vulnerable populations • Low socioeconomic status • Women • Children • Elderly • Ethnic minorities • Disabled • Indigenous peoples • May be more vulnerable because of— – Genetics – They are not empowered to change their environment Adapted from: http://ocw.jhsph.edu/courses/EnvironmentalHealth/PDFs/Lecture1.pdf azdhs.gov He alth and We llne ss fo r all Ar izo nans 31
Environmental Health BUILT ENVIRONMENT azdhs.gov He alth and We llne ss fo r all Ar izo nans 32
Built Environment Where people live, work, and play • Our environment/community can affect our physical and mental health • “Health community design” – Planning and designing communities that • make it easier for people to live healthy lives • Advantages: – Part of people’s daily routine – Provides opportunities to be physically active and socially engaged – Ensure access to affordable and healthy food, especially fruits and vegetables – Improved air and water quality – Lowered risk of injuries – Decreases mental health stress – May lower crime – Reduce heat island effect – Provide fair access to livelihood, education, and resources www.cdc.gov/healthyplaces & www.cdc.gov/nceh/ehs/topics/BuiltEnvironment.htm azdhs.gov He alth and We llne ss fo r all Ar izo nans
Recommend
More recommend
