Animal Production Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Research from a Country’s Perspective Country: LITHUANIA Vaclovas Boguzas 1 Presenters: Violeta Juskiene 2 1 Aleksandras Stulginskis University, Institute of Agroecosystems and Soil Sciences 2 Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Institute of Animal Science Engaging Workshop, Warsaw Poland, 8-9 March 2014
(EUR 21209 EN - European Communities, 2004; Jones et al., 2004)
4000 3495.7 3463.6 3513 3482.9 3513.5 3500 Agricultural 2958.3 2936.4 2927.8 2926.5 3000 land 2292.1 Thousand ha 2500 Arrable 2000 land 1500 1172.1 475.9 496.8 1000 495.9 500.2 Gardens 500 55 58.8 59.1 59.6 59.8 0 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 Grassland 3
Development of cattle population in Lithuania, thous. heads 2,321.5 2,500.0 2,196.6 2,000.0 1,701.0 1,384.3 1,500.0 1,152.4 1,065.1 1,068.0 1,054.1 927.7 897.8 838.8 834.1 812.1 800.3 792.0 779.1 1,000.0 773.0 748.3 751.7 731.1 707.7 698.1 500.0 0.0 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 4
Development of pig population in Lithuania, thous. heads 3,000.0 2,435.9 2,179.8 2,500.0 2,000.0 1,359.8 1,270.0 1,259.8 1,205.2 1,196.2 1,500.0 1,167.7 1,127.6 1,127.1 1,114.7 1,073.3 1,061.0 1,057.4 1,010.8 936.1 928.2 929.4 923.2 897.1 867.6 790.3 1,000.0 500.0 0.0 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 5
The trend in aggregated emissions in agriculture (Gg CO 2 eq.) 12000 10000 8000 6000 4000 2000 0 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 Agricultural soils Manure management Enteric fermentation 6
Climate Research Climate Research in Lithuania: • Many occasional research projects, dissertations, experiments (especially till 2010); • National research programme „Ecosystems in Lithuania: Climate Change and Human Impact (2010-2014)“. This programme is aimed to study the conditions, development, and ways to protect natural ecosystems in the context of both the global climate change and the anthropogenic effects. The subject of the research is the recent and ancient natural and anthropogenic biological invasions along with species habitat change, which serves as a sensitive indicator of vulnerability and adaptation of Lithuania‘s ecosystems and their compounds. Engaging Workshop, Warsaw Poland, 8-9 March 2014
Climate Research Climate Research in relation to Agriculture and Animal production: Institutions, involved in this research area: • Lithuanian Research Center for Agriculture and Forestry; – Institute of Agriculture – Institute of Horticulture – Institute of Forestry • Aleksandras Stulginskis University; • Lithuanian University of Health Science – Institute of Animal Science • Open Research center of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences in Valey „Nemunas“ (new, 80 milion Lt) Engaging Workshop, Warsaw Poland, 8-9 March 2014
Climate Research Climate Research in relation to Animal production: • Investigations of the influence of different coverings (peat, sunflower oil, sawdust, straw and plastic film) of liquid manure on gas emissions; • Impact of microbial based additives for the emissions of GHG; • Improvement of feed digestibility and feed conversion under new farming conditions aimed at safe, environmentally – friendly production; • Evaluation of manure systems in the common farms of Lithuania and analysis of chemical composition and physical – chemical charakteristics of manure; • Ect. Engaging Workshop, Warsaw Poland, 8-9 March 2014
Manure management systems for dairy cattle* 18% Pasture/range 40% Solid storage Liquid/slurry 42% * - Lithuanian University of Health Science, Institute of Animal Science 12
Manure management systems for non-dairy cattle* 24% 20% Pasture/range Solid storage Liquid/slurry 56% * - Lithuanian University of Health Science, Institute of Animal Science 13
Manure management systems for swine 3.7% 20.0% Solid 8 . 3 % Liquid/slurry Deep bedding > 1 month 68 .0% Anaerobic Digester * - Lithuanian University of Health Science, Institute of Animal Science 14
Example of climate related project in Lithuania C g kg-1 C g kg -1 26.4*** 26.4*** 26.0* 25.4* 24.1** 30 30 23.9* 23.4* 23.2* 24.0 22.9* 22.4* 22,4 21,3 21,3 21,3 21,2 20,9 20,5 25 20,3 25 19,9 19,6 19,6 19,1 18,8 18,9 18,7 18,3 17,6 17,5 18 20 20 15 15 10 10 5 5 0 0 Straw removed Straw chopped and spread 0-10 cm 10-20 cm Tillage systems, straw and green manure impact on soil organic carbon content in 2013 (after 14 years). Significant differences at *P ≤ 0.05>0.01, ** P ≤ 0.01>0.001, P ≤ 0.001; Fisher LSD test vs.control. R - straw removed, S – straw chopped and spread, CP - conventional deep ploughing (control), SP – shallow ploughing, SL - shallow loosening with sweep and disc harrows, SR - shallow loosening with rotary cultivator, GMR – catch cropping and green manure incorporation with rotary cultivator, NT - no-tillage, direct drilling. Engaging Workshop, Warsaw Poland, 8-9 March 2014
Example of climate related project in Lithuania C Mg ha-1 72.2* 80 70.5* 66.5 64.8* 64.5* 62.2 70 59.0 56.9 56.4 55.3 54.4 60 53 49.0 48.8 50 40 30 20 10 0 Straw removed Straw chopped and spread Tillage systems, straw and green manure impact on soil organic carbon pools in 2013 (after 14 years). Significant differences at *P ≤ 0.05>0.01, ** P ≤ 0.01>0.001, P ≤ 0.001; Fisher LSD test vs.control. R - straw removed, S – straw chopped and spread, CP - conventional deep ploughing (control), SP – shallow ploughing, SL - shallow loosening with sweep and disc harrows, SR - shallow loosening with rotary cultivator, GMR – catch cropping and green manure incorporation with rotary cultivator, NT - no-tillage, direct drilling. Engaging Workshop, Warsaw Poland, 8-9 March 2014
Example of climate related project in Lithuania Mobile humic substances Mobile humic acid 9.43* gC kg -1 gC kg -1 9.1* 4.38 430 8.36 10 5 4.08 7.52* 7.61 7.56 3.43* 6.66 3.24 6.47 3.18 4 8 6.13 5.94 5.81 5.73 2.82 2.74 2.56 2.44 2.46 4.67 4.53 2.16 3 6 1.69 1.61 4 2 2 1 0 0 Straw removed Straw chopped and spread Straw removed Straw chopped and spread Tillage systems, straw and green manure impact on mobile humic substances in 2013 (after 14 years). Significant differences at *P ≤ 0.05>0.01, ** P ≤ 0.01>0.001, P ≤ 0.001; Fisher LSD test vs.control. R - straw removed, S – straw chopped and spread, CP - conventional deep ploughing (control), SP – shallow ploughing, SL - shallow loosening with sweep and disc harrows, SR - shallow loosening with rotary cultivator, GMR – catch cropping and green manure incorporation with rotary cultivator, NT - no-tillage, direct drilling. Engaging Workshop, Warsaw Poland, 8-9 March 2014
Knowledge What are for your country important knowledge questions related to greenhouse gas emissions in relation to agriculture and animal production: 1. In National research programe „Sustainability of of agro-, forest and aquatic ecosystems“ (under preparation, expected 25 millions Lt) indicated main tools: - Regularities of development, productivity, efficiency and biodiversity in agro-, forest and aquatic ecosystems in changing climate conditions; - Potential of plants and other organisms to adapt to climate, environmental and technological changes; - Impact of long-term and intensive resource usage on soil and other components of agro-, forest and aquatic ecosystem; - Intensive technologies’ threats to ecosystems and measures for regeneration of sustainability. 2. Smart specialisation „Agroinovations and food technologies“ (under preparation, expected 20-25 millions Lt) - Precision technologies in crop and animal production. 3. Other in animal production - To identify ways to produce more animal production without simultanesly increasing the environmental footprint. Engaging Workshop, Warsaw Poland, 8-9 March 2014
Network What are your international connections in this field of research? • Cost Action FA 1302 „Large-scale methane measurements on individual ruminants for genetic evaluations“ METHAGENE • Membership in international organisations: – European Soil Sciences Association; – International Union of Soil Sciences (IUSS); – Nordic Association of Agricultural Scientists (NJF); – International Union of Forest Research Organizations (IUFRO); – International Soil Tillage Research Organization (ISTRO), ect. Engaging Workshop, Warsaw Poland, 8-9 March 2014
Network Thank you for listening! Engaging Workshop, Warsaw Poland, 8-9 March 2014
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