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Energy Dumpster Diving - Example presentation- Paper written by: - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Energy Dumpster Diving - Example presentation- Paper written by: M. A. Kazandjieva, B. Heller, P. Levis, C. Kozyrakis Stanford University In Proceedings of HotPower workshop 2009 Presented by: Simin Nadjm-Tehrani / Klervie Tocz / Rodrigo


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SLIDE 1

Energy Dumpster Diving

  • Example presentation-

Department of Computer and Information Science (IDA) Linköping University, Sweden

Paper written by:

  • M. A. Kazandjieva, B. Heller, P. Levis, C. Kozyrakis

Stanford University In Proceedings of HotPower workshop 2009 Presented by:

Simin Nadjm-Tehrani / Klervie Toczé / Rodrigo Moraes

January 27, 2020

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SLIDE 2

Overview

Large computing systems

Individual elements contribute to consumption

Sources of waste difficult to identify

PowerNet sensing infrastructure

Power consumption of individual devices

Correlation with usage information

Analysis of consumption

Reveal device inefficiencies

Usage scenarios that waste energy

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SLIDE 3

PowerNet

Large-scale distributed sensing infrastructure

Provides

Per-device energy measures

Usage statistics

Deployed in real office building environment

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SLIDE 4

PowerNet deployment

Stanford Computer Science building

Office environment

Desktops

Monitors

Data center server rack

Small networking closet

Network switches

Some numbers

85 power meters

Utilisation data collected

15 desktops

10 servers

5 switches

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SLIDE 5

PowerNet components

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SLIDE 6

Wired power meters

Watt's Up .NET with Ethernet interface

Disadvantages:

Requires Ethernet port

Difficult to configure

Relatively high power consumption – 3 W

Low sampling rate – 1 Hz

High monetary cost

Similar model shown here

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SLIDE 7

Wireless power meter

Implemented as a customised mote

Low power processor (1mA active, 1uA sleep)

Digital power meter chip

Characteristics

High rate of sampling – 14KHz

Configurable – TinyOS

No wired network required – mesh network

Lower monetary cost Mote: resource-constrained device that can sense, process, and talk wirelessly to other motes

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SLIDE 8

Mesh network

Motes can talk to each other without cables

Data is forwarded to the sink

Mote or computer that gathers data forwarded

Sink is wired to a gateway

Gateway provides out-of-network connectivity

Image from: The Basics of Wireless Sensor Networking and its Applications http://www.ida.liu.se/~rtslab/courses/wsn/Basics.pdf

Motes Sink Computer

  • r server

Gateway

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SLIDE 9

Utilisation metering

PowerNet monitors device usage

Desktops and servers

CPU utilisation

Python script tracks utilisation

Network switches

Traffic statistics for each port

Monitor hardware counters via SNMP

 Server rack  Balanced workload

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SLIDE 10

Data management and visualisation

Data stored in a central server

Kept in a MySQL database

Power and utilisation data correlated

Data synchronised in time using timestamps

Analysis of consumption related to activity

Data visualisation through website

Line-chart visualisation of all data

Correlated power and utilisation graphs

Searches by meter name, type, or device category

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SLIDE 11

Case study: Desktops

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High idle energy consumption (100 W)

Reduction

Put desktops in sleep mode when not used

User and CPU must be inactive

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SLIDE 12

Case study: Desktops

Predict when it is convenient to turn machines off

Machine usage models needed

Correlation between power consumption and CPU usage

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SLIDE 13

Case study: Monitors

Consumption comparable to desktops (40 – 130 W)

Usage pattern: almost always on, even if not in use

Consumption reduction by configuration parameters

Less brightness, less power consumption

Change desktop backgrounds (10% savings)

Total savings: 10 – 28%

Change desktop backgrounds Change of several parameters

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SLIDE 14

Case study: Network Switches

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Network equipment is not energy proportional

Same energy consumption independently of the usage

Maximum usage  Maximum efficiency

HP switch consumes more due to:

Fan load

Backplane structure

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SLIDE 15

Case study: Server rack

10 identical 1U servers in a server rack of 40 servers

Each server consumed 245 W

But server at top of the rack consumed 20% more power

Methodology used for reasoning about odd result

Swap top and bottom servers

Top part is warmer than bottom

Same workload in all of them

Replaced server on top increased from 250 W to 270 W

Previous top server consumption back to normal 245 W

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SLIDE 16

Case study: Server rack

 We should analyse more aspects than CPU usage alone 

Load

Temperature

Configuration

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http://openclipart.org/detail/139525/server-rack-by-moini

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SLIDE 17

Conclusions

By analysing power consumption we can:

Reduce energy consumption

Rethink system designs

Power consumption and usage pattern

Needs to be measured/recorded before further savings

Insights revealed by PowerNet:

Monitor configuration can reduce consumption (25%)

Identical server machines can have different power consumption depending on rack placement

Network equipment is not energy proportional

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SLIDE 18

Classification

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Design phase Production phase Use phase End-of-life phase

Resources Residues ICT Services Recycling

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SLIDE 19

Energy Dumpster Diving

Discussion

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SLIDE 20

Discussion

Which is the cost of maintenance of this system? Cost of the system itself? (not enough discussed in the paper)

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SLIDE 21

Discussion

Which is the cost of maintenance of this system? Cost of the system itself? (not enough discussed in the paper)

Do you think this is a permanent infrastructure? Or is just to do the study? (discussion of key ideas of the paper)

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SLIDE 22

Discussion

Which is the cost of maintenance of this system? Cost of the system itself? (not enough discussed in the paper)

Do you think this is a permanent infrastructure? Or is just to do the study? (discussion of key ideas of the paper)

Should these meters be installed in all the systems by default? (possible ideas to improve the work)

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SLIDE 23

Discussion

Which is the cost of maintenance of this system? Cost of the system itself? (not enough discussed in the paper)

Do you think this is a permanent infrastructure? Or is just to do the study? (discussion of key ideas of the paper)

Should these meters be installed in all the systems by default? (possible ideas to improve the work)

Do you think we should create a standard to declare power values and utilisation values? (go further from the paper)

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SLIDE 24

Discussion

Which is the cost of maintenance of this system? Cost of the system itself? (not enough discussed in the paper)

Do you think this is a permanent infrastructure? Or is just to do the study? (discussion of key ideas of the paper)

Should these meters be installed in all the systems by default? (possible ideas to improve the work)

Do you think we should create a standard to declare power values and utilisation values? (go further from the paper)

Suitable for home? (go further from the paper)

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SLIDE 25

Web Interface

Powertron http://powernet.stanford.edu/

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Additional material

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SLIDE 26

Another similar project

The TrendMETER http://trend.polito.it

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Additional material

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SLIDE 27

Discussion

The problem of the batteries of the sensors. Which is the cost of maintenance of this system?(go further from the paper)

Do you think this is a permanent infrastructure? Or is just to do the study? (discuss the basic idea/approach of the paper)

Should these meters be installed in all the systems by default? (how to improve)

Do you think we should create a standard to distribute power values and utilisation values?

Suitable for home? (where can apply this methodology...)

Cost of the system itself?

http://www.ida.liu.se/~TDDD50

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SLIDE 28

TinyOS

TinyOS is an operating system for resource-constrained devices

It offers you the tools to use the available features of your hardware

Written in nesC, a C dialect

May be a whole slide for TinyOS is too much because distracts the attention from the main topic

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