Endocrine System Chemical Control Endocrine System A system of - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Endocrine System Chemical Control Endocrine System A system of - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Mar 10, 2023 809 likes •1.12k views

Endocrine System Chemical Control Endocrine System A system of glands that release chemical messengers ( hormones ) to coordinate body functions 10 major endocrine glands Hormones are necessary for cell communication and coordination

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Endocrine System

Chemical Control

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Endocrine System

  • A system of glands that release chemical

messengers (hormones) to coordinate body functions

  • 10 major endocrine glands
  • Hormones are necessary for cell communication

and coordination of cell processes

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Chemical Messengers

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Function of the Endocrine System

  • Regulates the growth, metabolism,

development and overall function of the human body

  • Works closely with the nervous system to

maintain homeostasis through feedback mechanisms

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Hormones

  • Chemical messengers that are transported by

the circulatory system (blood)

  • Produced and secreted by endocrine glands
  • Target a variety of cells to have multiple

effects (target cells)

  • Long distance signaling
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Hormones

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Hormone Classification

  • Classified based on their solubility and chemical

structure Hormones

Proteins and Peptides

Lipid Soluble

Water Soluble

Steroids Amines

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Peptides Proteins Amines Steroids

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Water Soluble Hormones (Peptides, Proteins, Amines)

  • Target a receptor on

the cell surface

  • Initiates a signal

transduction pathway that may involve a second messenger (cAMP)

  • Fast acting

hormones

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Lipid Soluble Hormones (Steroids)

  • Diffuse through plasma membrane
  • Binds to a receptor in cytoplasm or nucleus
  • Hormone-receptor complex acts as a

transcription factor that then regulates gene expression

  • Slower response because of the regulation of

gene activity

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Significant Endocrine Glands

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Significant Endocrine Glands

  • 1. Hypothalamus: Connects nervous system to

endocrine system, receives information and sends out nervous or endocrine signals, controls the pituitary gland

  • 2. Pituitary Gland: Composed of nervous and

endocrine tissue, “master gland”, releases 9 different hormones

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Hypothalamus

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Pituitary Gland

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Feedback Mechanisms

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Feedback Mechanism

  • Self-regulating mechanism that increases or

decreases the level of a particular substance

  • 1. Positive Feedback: Enhances an already

existing response

  • 2. Negative Feedback: Maintains homeostasis,

common in the endocrine system

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Positive Feedback Example

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Negative Feedback Examples

  • Blood glucose levels – insulin and glucagon
  • Blood volume (water) – anti-diuretic hormone

(ADH)

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Blood Glucose Levels: Controlled by the action of insulin and glucagon

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Kidney Structure

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Melatonin

  • Controls rhythmic activities, such as

sleep/wake cycles

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Growth Hormone

  • Controls growth and
  • ther metabolic

functions by stimulating protein synthesis

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Epinephrine (Adrenaline)

  • Responding to stress or emergencies
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Crash Course: Endocrine System Hormonal Communication