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Endocrine System Chemical Control Endocrine System A system glands - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Endocrine System Chemical Control Endocrine System A system glands that release chemical messengers ( hormones ) to coordinate body functions 10 major endocrine glands Hormones are necessary for cell communication and coordination of


  1. Endocrine System Chemical Control

  2. Endocrine System • A system glands that release chemical messengers ( hormones ) to coordinate body functions • 10 major endocrine glands • Hormones are necessary for cell communication and coordination of cell processes

  3. Chemical Messengers

  4. Function of the Endocrine System • Regulates the growth, metabolism, development and overall function of the human body • Works closely with the nervous system to maintain homeostasis through feedback mechanisms

  5. Nervous Versus Endocrine Use the diagram on p. 648 to compare and contrast the nervous and endocrine systems

  6. Hormones • Chemical messengers that are transported in the circulatory system • Produced and secreted by endocrine glands • Target a variety of cells to have multiple effects ( target cells ) • Long distance signaling

  7. Hormones

  8. Hormone Classification • Classified based on their solubility and chemical structure Hormones Lipid Water Soluble Soluble Proteins and Steroids Amines Peptides

  9. Peptides Proteins Amines Steroids

  10. Hormone Classification Chemical Type Structure Example Peptides/Proteins Chains of amino Insulin, Glucagon, acids Growth Hormone, ADH Amino Acid One or two amino Epinephrine, Derivatives acids Norepinephrine, (Amines) Melatonin Steroids Synthesized from Testosterone, cholesterol Estrogen, Cortisol (Glucocorticoid)

  11. Water Soluble (Peptides, Proteins, Amines) • Target a protein receptor on the cell surface • Initiate signal transduction pathway that may involve a second messenger (cAMP) • Cellular response • Faster response than lipid soluble hormones

  12. Lipid Soluble (Steroids) • Diffuse through plasma membrane • Binds to a receptor in cytoplasm or nucleus • Complex acts as a transcription factor that regulates gene expression • Slower response because of the regulation of gene activity

  13. Significant Endocrine Glands

  14. Significant Endocrine Glands 1. Hypothalamus: Connects nervous system to endocrine system, receives information and sends out nervous or endocrine signals, controls the pituitary gland 2. Pituitary Gland: Composed of nervous and endocrine tissue, “master gland”, releases 9 different hormones

  15. Hypothalamus

  16. Pituitary Gland

  17. Feedback Mechanisms

  18. Feedback Mechanism • Self-regulating mechanism that increases or decreases the level of a particular substance 1. Positive Feedback: Enhances an already existing response 2. Negative Feedback: Maintains homeostasis, common in the endocrine system

  19. Positive Feedback Example

  20. Negative Feedback Examples • Blood glucose levels – insulin and glucagon • Blood volume (water) – anti-diuretic hormone (ADH)

  21. Blood Glucose Levels: Controlled by the action of insulin and glucagon

  22. Kidney Structure

  23. Melatonin • Controls rhythmic activities, such as sleep/wake cycles

  24. Growth Hormone • Controls growth and other metabolic functions by stimulating protein synthesis

  25. Epinephrine (Adrenaline) • Responding to stress or emergencies

  26. Watch the following two videos on the endocrine system and hormone communication Crash Course: Endocrine System Hormonal Communication

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