EH Switched Current Power Converter Switched Current Power - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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EH Switched Current Power Converter Switched Current Power - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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EH Switched Current Power Converter Switched Current Power Converter a breakthrough technology for microprocessor power a breakthrough technology for microprocessor power Arnold Alderman & Edward Herbert September 2005 1 Switched

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September 2005 Switched Current Power Converter Ed Herbert Technologies 1

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Switched Current Power Converter Switched Current Power Converter

a breakthrough technology for microprocessor power a breakthrough technology for microprocessor power

Arnold Alderman & Edward Herbert

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September 2005 Switched Current Power Converter Ed Herbert Technologies 2

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Arnold Alderman Arnold Alderman

  • CEO of Anagenesis, Inc., a technical marketing consulting firm

located in Los Angeles and Phoenix

  • 22 years engineering and management at Boeing, GE, and

Emerson Electric and other US power conversion companies

  • 16 years technical, product, and strategic marketing at Fairchild

Semiconductor and International Rectifier

  • Author of numerous conference papers and articles
  • Has been conference keynote speaker, plenary speaker in

conferences globally

  • Board Chairperson of the Power Sources Manufacturers

Association (PSMA)

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September 2005 Switched Current Power Converter Ed Herbert Technologies 3

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Edward Herbert Edward Herbert

  • Inventor, 34 issued patents - several applications

pending

  • Held both design and engineering management

positions at: IBM; Sundstrand Aviation; Hamilton Standard; Raytheon Submarine Signal Div.; Sikorsky Aircraft; and Dynamic Controls Corp.

  • Invented the Matrix transformer in late 80s
  • Founder and President of FMTT, Inc.
  • Inventor of several power factor correction circuits
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September 2005 Switched Current Power Converter Ed Herbert Technologies 4

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Statement of purpose Statement of purpose

  • Seeking an established company in the power

supply industry that will license this technology and :

– Develop the Switched Current Power Converter (SCPC) into a commercial product platform – Establish markets for SCPC – Work in partnership with us to license other industry suppliers – Establish the SCPC as an industry standard

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September 2005 Switched Current Power Converter Ed Herbert Technologies 5

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Target applications & market Target applications & market

  • Power converters for microprocessors

(VRMs, VRDs, EVRDs)

  • Video processors
  • Game console processors
  • Other applications requiring high di/dt, high dv/dt

and fast turn on and off

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September 2005 Switched Current Power Converter Ed Herbert Technologies 6

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Market trends Market trends

  • Faster di/dt
  • Faster dv/dt
  • Reducing system power consumption
  • Higher efficiency: Lower idle and standby power
  • Dynamically tailored power management: varying the

processor clock frequency and the core voltage to core processing activity

  • Operating system (OS) power management: moved from

the system bios

  • Increasing number of multi-core processors
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September 2005 Switched Current Power Converter Ed Herbert Technologies 7

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Reducing system power consumption Reducing system power consumption

  • The greatest dividend for reducing system power

comes from enabling the processor to operate at lower power most of the time

– 1.Very fast recovery. A processor must not enter a low power state unless it can resume processing quickly enough for the task – 2. Faster dv/dt. Allows better dynamic tracking of processor operational load – 3. Fast turn on and off: The most power is saved if the processor core is turned off. A very fast turn on is necessary to resume processing without dead time

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September 2005 Switched Current Power Converter Ed Herbert Technologies 8

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Present Present dv/dt dv/dt requirements: requirements:

  • VR 10.2:

– 2.5 mV/µs – 450 mV in 36 steps of 12.5 mV – 5 µs/step plus 50 us settling time = 230 µs

  • VR 11 (inferred):

– 6.7 mV/µs – 67 µs for 450 mV – settling time is not known

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September 2005 Switched Current Power Converter Ed Herbert Technologies 9

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Present di/dt requirements Present di/dt requirements

  • VR 10.2:

– Max current slew rate: 1,200 A/µs – Max current step within 1 µs: 100 A

  • Decoupling capacitors on motherboard:

– up to 16 x 560 µF Aluminum polymer – plus 54 x 10 µF MLCC

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September 2005 Switched Current Power Converter Ed Herbert Technologies 10

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Wasted processor power Wasted processor power

This processor is wasting power most of the time. A power supply with very fast transition time would allow it to be turned off most of the time, for very significant system power reduction

From Lawrence Berkeley Labs report to CEC

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September 2005 Switched Current Power Converter Ed Herbert Technologies 11

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Reduce clock and voltage Reduce clock and voltage

  • Significant system power savings result from operating the

processor with a slower clock and reduced voltage

  • With a very fast dv/dt, the processor can operate at

reduced power much more of the time

From Intel paper at IBM Symposium 2004

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September 2005 Switched Current Power Converter Ed Herbert Technologies 12

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Series sleep transistor in processor Series sleep transistor in processor

  • "Another innovative technique is the Dynamic Sleep

Transistor, which adds a transistor in series with the power supply that can be turned off when a block of logic circuitry is in idle mode” (Technology@Intel Magazine,

October 2005)

  • A power supply with fast dv/dt (1,500 mV/µs) and very fast

transition time (2 µs) makes the series transistor unnecessary for turning power off. This saves significant power within the processor during operation

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September 2005 Switched Current Power Converter Ed Herbert Technologies 13

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Dynamic clock and voltage Dynamic clock and voltage

  • AMD: " … AMD Cool ‘n’ Quiet™ technology controls

your system’s level of processor performance automatically, dynamically adjusting the operating frequency and voltage up to 30 times per second, according to the task at hand. When an application does not require full performance, significant amounts of power can be saved."

  • With the SCPC, the voltage can be adjusted continuously at

up to 1500 mV/µs, or it can be turned off entirely in 2 µs, and restored to VID voltage and full current capability in 2 µs

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September 2005 Switched Current Power Converter Ed Herbert Technologies 14

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Too many power states Too many power states

  • There is a proliferation of power states: system

states, sleeping states, processor power states, performance states and so forth. (A representative list is in the in the handout notes)

  • With very fast voltage tracking and very fast

transitions, many of these states are unneeded, as many are poor compromises necessitated only by poor power supply dynamics

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September 2005 Switched Current Power Converter Ed Herbert Technologies 15

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The Solution The Solution

  • The Switched Current Power Converter with

Switched Charge Circuit voltage control is a true break-through technology providing: – Fastest possible di/dt – Fastest possible dv/dt – Fastest possible transition times (on, off, step voltage) – Easily expandable to multiple outputs – Very low standby power

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September 2005 Switched Current Power Converter Ed Herbert Technologies 16

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Key benefits Key benefits

  • Saves power:

– Very fast dynamic response allows the processor to remain off or in lower power states for a greater percentage of the time

  • Saves board area:

– The bulk capacitors can be eliminated

  • Saves cost:

– Trades off capacitors for silicon – Less heat sinking

  • Increased flexibility:

– System will benefit from individual high di/dt and high dv/dt power control for each core

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September 2005 Switched Current Power Converter Ed Herbert Technologies 17

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SCPC impedance curve SCPC impedance curve

  • Dynamic and static impedance remains below 0.5 mΩ to 5 MHz.

(Spice model with representative parasitic impedances per Intel VR 10.2.)

  • Conditions: 50 A peak-peak ac on 50 A dc
  • No bulk capacitors, only 560 µF MLCC
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September 2005 Switched Current Power Converter Ed Herbert Technologies 18

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Impedance comparison Impedance comparison

  • SCPC impedance on Intel graph:

Performance with all MLCC capacitors removed

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September 2005 Switched Current Power Converter Ed Herbert Technologies 19

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SCPC step response SCPC step response

  • Current step is 35 A to 85 A, 100 A/µs

(Spice model with representative parasitic impedances.)

  • At 100 A/µs, the output voltage Vo is regulated throughout

the transient.

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September 2005 Switched Current Power Converter Ed Herbert Technologies 20

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Step response comparison Step response comparison

  • SCPC step response on Intel graph:
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September 2005 Switched Current Power Converter Ed Herbert Technologies 21

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SCPC voltage step response with SCC SCPC voltage step response with SCC

Switched Current Power Converter with binary switched charge

(Spice model with representative parasitic impedances.)

  • Blue curve is digital

VID input command

  • Green curve is Vo
  • Red curve is load, Io
  • VID slew: 1,500 mV/µs

(point Y)

  • No overshoot
  • Full rated current is

immediately available

Voltage adjust for high load (Y) SCC = Switch Charge Circuit

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September 2005 Switched Current Power Converter Ed Herbert Technologies 22

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Voltage step response, Intel graph Voltage step response, Intel graph

  • Voltage overshoot per Intel VR 10.2: 50 mv, 25 µs!
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September 2005 Switched Current Power Converter Ed Herbert Technologies 23

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SCPC components SCPC components

Switched Current Power Converter Block Diagram

  • Converter

– Current sources – Current switches

  • Measurement
  • Control
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September 2005 Switched Current Power Converter Ed Herbert Technologies 24

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Basic SCPC Basic SCPC

  • The SCPC controls the output current and steady state

voltage by switching currents with solid-state switches

  • There is no faster converter!
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September 2005 Switched Current Power Converter Ed Herbert Technologies 25

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Voltage measurement Voltage measurement

  • The output voltage is measured using a flash a-d converter
  • There is no faster voltage measurement!
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September 2005 Switched Current Power Converter Ed Herbert Technologies 26

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SCPC control SCPC control

  • The outputs of the flash a-d directly control the current

switches

  • There is no faster control!
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September 2005 Switched Current Power Converter Ed Herbert Technologies 27

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Total charge measurement Total charge measurement

  • With distributed capacitors and parasitic inductance, the
  • utput voltage is not stable enough to use as control input.
  • The answer: measure total charge as the control input.
  • There is no faster measurement for control!
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September 2005 Switched Current Power Converter Ed Herbert Technologies 28

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Switched Charge Circuits Switched Charge Circuits

  • Switched Charge Circuits can be added to the SCPC for very fast dv/dt,

with no changes to the other circuits

  • There is no faster upgrade!
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September 2005 Switched Current Power Converter Ed Herbert Technologies 29

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The Switched Charge Circuit The Switched Charge Circuit

  • The output voltage can be stepped very quickly and

accurately, up or down, using the Switched Charge Circuit. A precise charge Q is added to the output capacitor Co.

  • There is no faster way to step the output voltage!
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September 2005 Switched Current Power Converter Ed Herbert Technologies 30

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Binary Switched Charge Binary Switched Charge

  • Digital VID controls

the binary switched charge circuits

  • Digital VID change

causes a rapid voltage step (< 0.5 µs)

  • Output voltage can

slew very rapidly (up to 1500 mV/µs) when the digital VID is sequenced

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September 2005 Switched Current Power Converter Ed Herbert Technologies 31

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Multiple outputs are easy! Multiple outputs are easy!

  • For multiple voltage outputs,

just divide the SCPC into multiple parts

  • Each has its own voltage reference (VID) and flash a-d converter

SCPC#1 SCPC#2

Vo1 Vo2

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September 2005 Switched Current Power Converter Ed Herbert Technologies 32

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Idle current Idle current

  • Increasing efficiency in low power modes:

If the primary current is reduced, fewer switches carry circulating current, and the circulating current is lower

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September 2005 Switched Current Power Converter Ed Herbert Technologies 33

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Coaxial transformer module Coaxial transformer module

The logic is simple:

  • The “Clock” is

synchronized to the primary switching

  • The “On” is the

flash a-d comparator

  • utput
  • The “On” bandwidth

is not limited by the “Clock”

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September 2005 Switched Current Power Converter Ed Herbert Technologies 34

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Summary Summary

  • Market trends: Faster di/dt; Faster dv/dt; More multiple
  • utputs
  • The SCPC: There is no faster converter
  • Flash A/D connected directly to current switches: There is

no faster control

  • Total Charge Measurement: There is no faster

measurement for control

  • Adding the Switched Charge Circuit: There is no faster

upgrade!

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September 2005 Switched Current Power Converter Ed Herbert Technologies 35

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Patent Status Patent Status

  • This technology is covered in part by U. S. Patent No.

6,121,761, "Fast Transition Power Supply", issued 19 September, 2000

  • Other patents have been allowed and more are pending

Thank You Thank You – – Any Questions? Any Questions?