EFFECTS OF HOUSEHOLD INCOME ON MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES IN CHILDREN AND - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Tanveen Dhallu, Cale Donaldson, Jeanette Eliezer Professor Thorne

EFFECTS OF HOUSEHOLD INCOME ON MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS

ABST ABSTRACT

This project examined the effects of household income on the onset of mental health issues in children and adolescents. Anxiety and depressive disorders are very common in the United States, and previous research has shown that these disorders are more common amongst residents living in poverty. However, to date, there is little research done on the prevalence of mental illnesses in children. This project wanted to explore the effects of income-level on the onset of depression and anxiety in children and adolescents. Data was examined from East Harlem and the Upper East

• Side. The age group was set at 5-19, and data search was focused on social anxiety

and depression as the two main mental health issues. Data on poverty levels, income numbers, rates of psychological disorders and hospitalizations related to mental health was collected. Results showed that the there is a greater prevalence of mental health issues in East Harlem than the Upper East Side. Results also showed a major difference in poverty rates between the two neighborhoods. The aim of this project was to show the relationship between household income and the onset of mental health issues, as well as provide suggestions on how to reduce the number of mental health issues in East Harlem.

Bekiemp mpis, 2 2014 1 in 5 Americans suffer from mental health illness every year ADAA, 2 2014 Anxiety and depressive disorders are the most common mental illnesses in the US Ave venevo voli, 2 2014 11% of children in US are diagnosed with depression Sa Sareen, 2 2011 Greater prevalence

• f depression and

anxiety in low-income level households NC NCCP , 2 2016 45% of children live in low-income families Some evidence of higher depression and anxiety levels in children from low- income families 4,6,7 Insignificant research on the relationship between low-income households and the onset of mental illness in children and adolescents

QU QUESTIONS

• How does income status affect mental health?
• Do children from low-income families have a greater risk of developing

mental health issues, i.e. social anxiety and depression, than children from high-income families?

• Do infants from low-income families have higher stress levels than infants

from high-income families?

• Do low-income and high-income neighborhoods have the same availability
• f resources for mental health-issues/how does income affect the

diagnosis and treatment of mental health disorders?

HYPO HYPOTHE THESES

• Children and adolescents from low-income families have greater risk of

developing social anxiety and depression than children and adolescents from high-income families.

• Infants from low-income families have higher stress levels than infants from

high-income families.

• Disparity in types and number of mental health disorder resources available

between low-income neighborhoods and high-income neighborhoods.

ME METH THOD ODS

• Examined two neighborhoods:
• East Harlem (low-income)
• Upper East Side (high-income)
• Data gathered from nyc.gov Community Health

Profiles for East Harlem and Upper East Side

PO POVER VERTY R RATES ES

• Major differences in poverty levels
• Poverty level of East Harlem nearly twice as high as

Manhattan and NYC

• Poverty level of Upper East Side much lower than

Manhattan and NYC

• Poverty level of East Harlem nearly five times greater

than Upper East Side

• Child poverty rates much higher in East Harlem

TEENAGE REPORTS OF DEPRESSION

• One in four teens reports feeling depressed (26%) in East Harlem

ME MENTAL HEALTH TH ISSUES MORE MORE PRE REVALENT T IN EAST T HARL RLEM M

• More psychological distress sufferers in East Harlem

than Upper East Side

• 16% of children (ages 5-17) in East Harlem show

signs of emotional disturbance9

• Adolescents (ages 12-17) account for 60% of mental

health sufferers though they make up only 35% of East Harlem’s population9

ME MENTAL ILLNESSES NOT T BEING TRE TREATE TED

• Barely ¼ of children in East Harlem receive mental help they

need9

• 12,500 children in need of mental health services
• Only 3,150 treatment slots available
• 80% of children with anxiety disorder and 60% of children

with depression are not receiving treatment12

• Need to expand resources for mental health in East Harlem

RA RACE CE AND ME MENTAL ILLNESS

• African-Americans and Hispanics are more

likely to develop depression than Whites11

• African-American and Hispanic children are

least likely to receive treatment for mental health11

• East Harlem’s population is primarily African-

Americans and Hispanics

http://www.nyc.gov/html/doh/downloads/pdf/data/2006chp-303.pdf

HOS HOSPIT PITALIZ LIZATIONS TIONS FOR FOR M MENT NTAL ILLNE L ILLNESS

• Differences in hospitalizations for mental illness
• Consistent for Upper East Side
• Increase yearly for East Harlem
• East Harlem has four times the number of

hospitalizations than Upper East Side

• Decrease in hospitalizations in 2012

ME MENTAL ILLNESSES ARE RE TRE TREATABLE

• Hospitalizations are avoidable
• 30% of population in East Harlem has no personal doctor
• Mental health issues more prevalent among uninsured8
• Consequences of late identification of mental illness9
• Late intervention
• Conditions become more serious as child grows older
• Juvenile justice system

INF INFANT ANT-ST STRESS LEVELS ESS LEVELS

• Not much found on infant stress levels in neighborhoods
• If mother is depressed, infant and child are more likely to

develop depression10

• Significantly higher number of teenage mothers in East Harlem
• Teens are not ready to be mothers
• Inadequate care of infants
• Higher stress on infant because of high stress on teen

mother

WHY IS THERE MORE DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY IN EAST HARLEM?

• Income levels
• Rent burden
• Unemployment
• Limited resources to help with mental illness
• Minimal school intervention
• Limited access to professional medical attention

SUGGEST SUGGESTIO IONS S FOR HEL ELPIN PING G MEN ENTAL AL HEAL EALTH IL ILLNESSES ESSES

• East Harlem Health Outreach Partnership (EHHOP)8
• Clinic run by Mount Sinai medical-students
• Increase school based intervention
• Increase access to pediatric primary care
• Increase abundance of and access to child and adolescent mental

health services

CONCL CONCLUSION ON

• Limitations
• Other factors besides income that influence

mental health issues in the neighborhood

• Future Research
• Continue to observe data trends

throughout the years

• Infant-stress levels

CONCL CONCLUSION ON

• Relationship between income levels and mental health

issues in children and adolescents

• Higher rates of mental health illnesses, especially

depression and anxiety, in East Harlem than Upper East Side

• Children in East Harlem are not getting proper medical

attention they need for anxiety and depression

RE REFE FERE RENCE CES

• 1. Olson EC, Van Wye G, Kerker B, Thorpe L, Frieden TR. Take Care East Harlem. NYC Community

Health Profiles, Second Edition; 2006; 21(42):1-16

• 2. Olson EC, Van Wye G, Kerker B, Thorpe L, Frieden TR. Take Care Upper East Side. NYC Community

Health Profiles, Second Edition; 2006; 23(42):1-16.

• 3. P Cohen and C S Hesselbart. Demographic factors in the use of children's mental health
• services. American Journal of Public Health January 1993: Vol. 83, No. 1, pp. 49-52.doi:

10.2105/AJPH.83.1.49

• 4. Tracy, M., Zimmerman, F. J., Galea, S., McCauley, E., & Stoep, A. V. (2008). What explains the

relation between family poverty and childhood depressive symptoms? Journal of Psychiatric Research, 42(14), 1163–1175. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2008.01.011

• 5. Sareen J, Afifi TO, McMillan KA, Asmundson GG. Relationship Between Household Income and

Mental Disorders: Findings From a Population-Based Longitudinal Study. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2011;68(4):419-427. doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.15.

RE REFE FERE RENCE CES

• 6. Buckner, JC. et al. Mental Disorders and Service Utilization Among Youths From Homeless and

Low-Income Housed Families Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry , Volume 36 , Issue 7 , 890 - 900

• 7. McLeod, J. D., & Shanahan, M. J.. (1996). Trajectories of Poverty and Children's Mental Health.

Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 37(3), 207–220. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/ stable/2137292

• 8. Liberman, K. M., Meah, Y. S., Chow, A., Tornheim, J., Rolon, O., & Thomas, D. C. (2011). Quality of

Mental Health Care at a Student-Run Clinic: Care for the Uninsured Exceeds that of Publicly and Privately Insured Populations. Journal Of Community Health, 36(5), 733-740. doi:10.1007/ s10900-011-9367-5

• 9. “Health Status of Harlem’s Children: Improving, but Lagging Far Behind the Rest of the City.”

Children’s Health Fund (2006).

• 10. Shatkin, JP

. The Diagnosis and Treatment of Pediatric Depression. NYU School of Medicine.

REFERENCES

• 11. Dunlop, D. D., Song, J., Lyons, J. S., Manheim, L. M., & Chang, R. W. (2003). Racial/Ethnic

Differences in Rates of Depression Among Preretirement Adults. American Journal of Public Health, 93(11), 1945–1952.

• 12. http://www.adaa.org/about-adaa/press-room/facts-statistics
• 13. http://www.adaa.org/living-with-anxiety/children
• 14. https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Guide/The-

Depressed-Child-004.aspx

• 15. Avenevoli, S. et al. Major Depression in the National Comorbidity Survey—Adolescent

Supplement: Prevalence, Correlates, and Treatment. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 2014, 54(1), 37-44.

• 16. Bekiempis, V. Nearly One in Five Americans Suffers from Mental Illness Each Year.

Newsweek, 2014.

Tanveen Dhallu, Cale Donaldson, Jeanette Eliezer Professor Thorne

EFFECTS OF HOUSEHOLD INCOME ON MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS