ECHO Expandable Commercially- Enabled Habitable Orbiter Rachel Di - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

ECHO Expandable Commercially- Enabled Habitable Orbiter Rachel Di Bartolomeo, Katherine Carroll, Iaroslav Ekimtcov, Destiny Fawley, Brian Hardy, Guangting Lee, Courtney Leverenz, Richard Mannion, Ryan Noe, Erik Nord, Benjamin O’Hearn , Joshua Pilat, Brandon Sowinski Illinois Space Society 1

Overview  Development Timeline  Program Budget  LEO Habitat Layout  Satellite Servicing  LEO Habitat Subsystems – ECLSS – GN&C, Communications – Thermal – Power  ECHO-Mars Variant – Configurations – Subsystem Overview Illinois Space Society 2

Timeline Illinois Space Society 3

Launch Schedule ECHO Launch & Assembly Schedule, Beginning January 2022 Launch Vehicle First Launch Water Misc. Cycle (Month) Purpose Consumables (kg) Date (kg) (kg) [3] [4] [5] Delta IV-Heavy Jan. ‘22 1-Time ECHO + 2 ISPRs 500 2000 1600 Falcon + Dragon2 Feb. ‘22 1-Time Initial 4 Crew 50 50 0 Atlas V 401+ EnhCyg Mar. ‘22 1-Time Initial Resupply 2500 200 800 Falcon + Dragon2 Jul. ‘22 6 4 Crew 50 50 0 Atlas V 401+ EnhCyg Nov. ‘22 9 Resupply 2150 350 1000 Falcon + Dragon 1-Time 4 ISPRs + 2 EERs Mar. ‘23 0 0 3310 4ISPR+Research Falcon + Dragon Apr. ‘23 1-Time 2 ISPRs + 2 EERs 0 1000 2310 Falcon 9 Dec. ‘23 1-Time SatServ-1 0 0 0 Atlas V 401 + Cygnus Dec. ‘24 36 Fuel Resupply 0 0 0 Falcon 9 Dec. ‘25 1-Time SatServ-2 0 0 0 Illinois Space Society 4

Business Model ECHO Program Budget by Category $1,200.00 $1,000.00 $800.00 Millions of Dollars $600.00 $400.00 $200.00 $- 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 2036 2037 Years ECHO Development ECHO Launch SatServ Development SatServ Launch Resupply - Cargo Resupply - Fuel Crew Launch Installation Illinois Space Society 5

Business Model Expenditures and Revenues FY2017-FY2037 Expenditures and Revenues FY2017-FY2037 (Millions) (Millions) (70%/30% Cost Distribution) (30%/70% Cost Distribution) $1,200.00 $1,400.00 $1,200.00 $1,000.00 $1,000.00 $800.00 $800.00 $600.00 $600.00 $400.00 $400.00 $200.00 $200.00 $0.00 $0.00 2017 2019 2021 2023 2025 2027 2029 2031 2033 2035 2037 2017 2019 2021 2023 2025 2027 2029 2031 2033 2035 2037 NASA Commercial ECHO Income NASA Commercial ECHO Income  NASA Cost: $6,209 Million  NASA Cost: $2,200Million  Commercial Cost: $6,150M  Commercial Cost: $10,159M  Total Revenue: $10,050M  Total Revenue: $13,810M  Net Profit: $3,900M  Net Profit: $3,651M Pros Cons Pros Cons Highest Net Profit NASA covers more NASA pays a fraction Commercial difficulty NASA 2023-2037 than half High profit NASA 2023-2029 Illinois Space Society 6

Exterior Ports Illinois Space Society 7

LEO Habitat Layout  Lower Section: hygiene, exercise, EVA suit storage, observation windows Illinois Space Society 8

LEO Habitat Layout  Central Section: living quarters, consumables storage, food preparation, general storage Illinois Space Society 9

LEO Habitat Layout  Upper Section: ISPR racks, observation windows Illinois Space Society 10

SatServ  Two robotic arms  Autonomous computer systems  Solar electric propulsion  Service up to four satellites in GEO  Tasks: – Battery replacement – Electronics upgrades – Hydrazine refueling Illinois Space Society 11

LEO Mass and Power Budget ECHO Subsystem Mass (kg) Power (kW) Payload 2,100 2.55 ECLSS 6,321 5.32 Structures 13,250 0.75 Attitude Det. & Control 41 0.18 Communications/Data Handling 507 0.70 Thermal 1,600 0.55 Power 658 0 Propulsion 300 0 Fluids 3,416 0 Additional Equipment (Launched Separately) 12,232 8 Orbiting Total + 15% Margin 46,489 20.76 Illinois Space Society 12

ECLSS-ECHO  Food – Require 1.83 kg per crew member per day – Total food with 30% margin needed annually: 3,476kg  Water – Require 8.42 kg per crew member per day – Water recycle system recovers 93% – Total water with 30% margin needed annually: 1,116kg  Effects of microgravity – 1.5% loss of bone and muscle mass every 6 months – ARED, stationary bicycle and COLBERT treadmill on board – Daily exercise sessions and vitamin supplements  Systems based off ISS – Temperature and Humidity Control – Atmospheric Control – Fire Suppression Illinois Space Society 13

GN&C And Communications GN&C Communications  Attitude detection  CSX-1000 transceiver – Rigel-L Star Tracker  Non-parabolic antennas – Sun Sensor – 12 GHz Ku-band – Horizon Tracker – 50 Mbps – Accelerometer – 10 dB link, 3.6 dB margin  Attitude control/propulsion  Redundant S-band system – CMGs (4) – Hydrazine Thrusters Illinois Space Society 14

Thermal Management  Room Temperature: 21 – 24 ˚C  Maximum power input: 38.5 kW  Power emissions: -31.5 kW  Thermal Requirement: 7.0 kW  Radiator Area: 49.5 m 2  Heaters present throughout module to maintain room temperature and equipment operating temperature Illinois Space Society 15

Solar Panels  Spectrolab XTJ Prime Triple Junction Solar Cells – End-of-life efficiency of 26.7% – Supply 44.5 kW to subsystems and batteries – 189 m 2 required  Saft VL48E Li-Ion batteries – 100,000 charge/discharge cycles – 25% end-of-life depth of discharge – 105 Wh/kg – 4 batteries for 12,400 Wh Illinois Space Society 16

ECHO-Mars Variant Illinois Space Society 17

Habitat Flexibility  Flexible to Mars Mission Architecture  Chem. Prop. Vs. Hybrid SEP  Artificial Gravity Capability with Chem. Prop. – 12,800 kg counterweight – 194 m cables for 0.38 g Illinois Space Society 18

ECHO-MV Subsystem Upgrades  Power – 232 m 2 solar arrays – Advanced Li-Ion batteries  Communications – 8.45 GHz X-band frequency – 3.8 m parabolic antenna  ECLSS systems on next slide Illinois Space Society 19

ECLSS Upgrades  Redundancies – Systems not requiring redundancies • Oxygen and Water. Crew will have enough time to repair these systems if something occurs – Systems requiring redundancies • Carbon dioxide and Humidity. Crew will use redundant system while fixing main system  Radiation Shielding – B-330 walls coated with polyethylene. Will provide 10 g/cm 2 of protection – Two crew quarters will receive an extra 10 g/cm 2 coating – This amount of shielding adheres to the short-term dose limits Organ 30 Day Limit 1 Year Limit Eye 1.0 Gy-Eq 1.5 Gy-Eq Skin 2.0 3.0 BFO 0.25 0.5 Illinois Space Society 20

ECLSS & Consumables  Consumables – Total food with 30% margin required: 10,473 kg – Total water with 30% margin required: 3,363 kg  Effects of microgravity – Same exercise devices on board as ECHO. – Artificial gravity will be considered.  Consequences of long duration space travel – Crew concerns- isolation, fatigue, and strained relationships – Requires maintenance and repair • Maintenance and repair – Intention to utilize 3D printing to print parts – Increase commonality between parts in the ECLSS systems Illinois Space Society 21

ECHO-MV Power and Mass Budget ECHO Subsystem Mass (kg) Power (kW) Payload 2,100 2.55 ECLSS 6,904 5.32 Structures 12,750 0.75 Attitude Det. & Control 40 0.11 Communications/Data Handling 143 1.3 Thermal 1,600 0.55 Power 658 0 Propulsion 300 0 Fluids 2,916 0 Artificial Gravity Options 2,182 0 Additional Equipment (Launched Separately) 19,636 6 Orbiting Total + 15% Margin 56,614 12.17 Illinois Space Society 22

Conclusions  Expanded commercial operations in LEO  Allows cost-effective GEO satellite servicing  Enables NASA to focus on new missions  Dual mission capabilities  Flexible Mars Mission Habitat Questions? Illinois Space Society 23

Additional Slides Illinois Space Society 24

SatServ Graphs Illinois Space Society 25

Structural Analysis Illinois Space Society 26

ECHO LEO Refueling Craft  Cygnus-derived  Capacity – 1,500 kg Tetroxide/Monomethyl hydrazine – 2,000 kg SatServ Krypton Illinois Space Society 27

ECHO LEO Mass and Power Illinois Space Society 28

ECHO LEO Mass and Power Illinois Space Society 29

ECHO – MV Interior Layout Illinois Space Society 30

ECHO-MV Launch Fairing Illinois Space Society 31