ECHO Expandable Commercially- Enabled Habitable Orbiter Rachel Di - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

▶
echo
SMART_READER_LITE
LIVE PREVIEW

ECHO Expandable Commercially- Enabled Habitable Orbiter Rachel Di - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Feb 01, 2023 330 likes •691 views

ECHO Expandable Commercially- Enabled Habitable Orbiter Rachel Di Bartolomeo, Katherine Carroll, Iaroslav Ekimtcov, Destiny Fawley, Brian Hardy, Guangting Lee, Courtney Leverenz, Richard Mannion, Ryan Noe, Erik Nord, Benjamin OHearn , Joshua

slide-1
SLIDE 1

Illinois Space Society 1

Expandable Commercially- Enabled Habitable Orbiter

Rachel Di Bartolomeo, Katherine Carroll, Iaroslav Ekimtcov, Destiny Fawley, Brian Hardy, Guangting Lee, Courtney Leverenz, Richard Mannion, Ryan Noe, Erik Nord, Benjamin O’Hearn, Joshua Pilat, Brandon Sowinski

ECHO

slide-2
SLIDE 2

Illinois Space Society 2

Overview

  • Development Timeline
  • Program Budget
  • LEO Habitat Layout
  • Satellite Servicing
  • LEO Habitat Subsystems

– ECLSS – GN&C, Communications – Thermal – Power

  • ECHO-Mars Variant

– Configurations – Subsystem Overview

slide-3
SLIDE 3

Illinois Space Society 3

Timeline

slide-4
SLIDE 4

Illinois Space Society 4

Launch Schedule

ECHO Launch & Assembly Schedule, Beginning January 2022 Launch Vehicle [3] [4] [5] First Launch Date Cycle (Month) Purpose Consumables (kg) Water (kg) Misc. (kg) Delta IV-Heavy

  • Jan. ‘22

1-Time ECHO + 2 ISPRs 500 2000 1600 Falcon + Dragon2

  • Feb. ‘22

1-Time Initial 4 Crew 50 50 Atlas V 401+ EnhCyg

  • Mar. ‘22

1-Time Initial Resupply 2500 200 800 Falcon + Dragon2

  • Jul. ‘22

6 4 Crew 50 50 Atlas V 401+ EnhCyg

  • Nov. ‘22

9 Resupply 2150 350 1000 Falcon + Dragon

  • Mar. ‘23

1-Time 4 ISPRs + 2 EERs 4ISPR+Research 3310 Falcon + Dragon

  • Apr. ‘23

1-Time 2 ISPRs + 2 EERs 1000 2310 Falcon 9

  • Dec. ‘23

1-Time SatServ-1 Atlas V 401 + Cygnus

  • Dec. ‘24

36 Fuel Resupply Falcon 9

  • Dec. ‘25

1-Time SatServ-2

slide-5
SLIDE 5

Illinois Space Society 5

Business Model

$- $200.00 $400.00 $600.00 $800.00 $1,000.00 $1,200.00 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 2036 2037

Millions of Dollars Years

ECHO Program Budget by Category ECHO Development ECHO Launch SatServ Development SatServ Launch Resupply - Cargo Resupply - Fuel Crew Launch Installation

slide-6
SLIDE 6

Illinois Space Society 6

Business Model

$0.00 $200.00 $400.00 $600.00 $800.00 $1,000.00 $1,200.00

2017 2019 2021 2023 2025 2027 2029 2031 2033 2035 2037

Expenditures and Revenues FY2017-FY2037 (Millions) (70%/30% Cost Distribution)

NASA Commercial ECHO Income

$0.00 $200.00 $400.00 $600.00 $800.00 $1,000.00 $1,200.00 $1,400.00

2017 2019 2021 2023 2025 2027 2029 2031 2033 2035 2037

Expenditures and Revenues FY2017-FY2037 (Millions) (30%/70% Cost Distribution)

NASA Commercial ECHO Income

  • NASA Cost: $6,209 Million
  • Commercial Cost: $6,150M
  • Total Revenue: $10,050M
  • Net Profit: $3,900M
  • NASA Cost: $2,200Million
  • Commercial Cost: $10,159M
  • Total Revenue: $13,810M
  • Net Profit: $3,651M

Pros Cons Highest Net Profit NASA covers more NASA 2023-2037 than half Pros Cons NASA pays a fraction Commercial difficulty High profit NASA 2023-2029

slide-7
SLIDE 7

Illinois Space Society 7

Exterior Ports

slide-8
SLIDE 8

Illinois Space Society 8

LEO Habitat Layout

  • Lower Section: hygiene, exercise, EVA

suit storage, observation windows

slide-9
SLIDE 9

Illinois Space Society 9

LEO Habitat Layout

  • Central Section: living quarters,

consumables storage, food preparation, general storage

slide-10
SLIDE 10

Illinois Space Society 10

LEO Habitat Layout

  • Upper Section: ISPR racks, observation

windows

slide-11
SLIDE 11

Illinois Space Society 11

SatServ

  • Two robotic arms
  • Autonomous computer systems
  • Solar electric propulsion
  • Service up to four satellites in GEO
  • Tasks:

– Battery replacement – Electronics upgrades – Hydrazine refueling

slide-12
SLIDE 12

Illinois Space Society 12

LEO Mass and Power Budget

ECHO Subsystem Mass (kg) Power (kW) Payload 2,100 2.55 ECLSS 6,321 5.32 Structures 13,250 0.75 Attitude Det. & Control 41 0.18 Communications/Data Handling 507 0.70 Thermal 1,600 0.55 Power 658 Propulsion 300 Fluids 3,416 Additional Equipment (Launched Separately) 12,232 8 Orbiting Total + 15% Margin 46,489 20.76

slide-13
SLIDE 13

Illinois Space Society 13

ECLSS-ECHO

  • Food

– Require 1.83 kg per crew member per day – Total food with 30% margin needed annually: 3,476kg

  • Water

– Require 8.42 kg per crew member per day – Water recycle system recovers 93% – Total water with 30% margin needed annually: 1,116kg

  • Effects of microgravity

– 1.5% loss of bone and muscle mass every 6 months – ARED, stationary bicycle and COLBERT treadmill on board – Daily exercise sessions and vitamin supplements

  • Systems based off ISS

– Temperature and Humidity Control – Atmospheric Control – Fire Suppression

slide-14
SLIDE 14

Illinois Space Society 14

GN&C And Communications

GN&C

  • Attitude detection

– Rigel-L Star Tracker – Sun Sensor – Horizon Tracker – Accelerometer

  • Attitude control/propulsion

– CMGs (4) – Hydrazine Thrusters

Communications

  • CSX-1000 transceiver
  • Non-parabolic antennas

– 12 GHz Ku-band – 50 Mbps – 10 dB link, 3.6 dB margin

  • Redundant S-band system
slide-15
SLIDE 15

Illinois Space Society 15

Thermal Management

  • Room Temperature: 21 – 24 ˚C
  • Maximum power input: 38.5 kW
  • Power emissions: -31.5 kW
  • Thermal Requirement: 7.0 kW
  • Radiator Area: 49.5 m2
  • Heaters present throughout module to maintain room temperature

and equipment operating temperature

slide-16
SLIDE 16

Illinois Space Society 16

Solar Panels

  • Spectrolab XTJ Prime Triple Junction Solar Cells

– End-of-life efficiency of 26.7% – Supply 44.5 kW to subsystems and batteries – 189 m2 required

  • Saft VL48E Li-Ion batteries

– 100,000 charge/discharge cycles – 25% end-of-life depth of discharge – 105 Wh/kg – 4 batteries for 12,400 Wh

slide-17
SLIDE 17

Illinois Space Society 17

ECHO-Mars Variant

slide-18
SLIDE 18

Illinois Space Society 18

Habitat Flexibility

  • Flexible to Mars Mission Architecture
  • Chem. Prop. Vs. Hybrid SEP
  • Artificial Gravity Capability with Chem. Prop.

– 12,800 kg counterweight – 194 m cables for 0.38 g

slide-19
SLIDE 19

Illinois Space Society 19

ECHO-MV Subsystem Upgrades

  • Power

– 232 m2 solar arrays – Advanced Li-Ion batteries

  • Communications

– 8.45 GHz X-band frequency – 3.8 m parabolic antenna

  • ECLSS systems on next slide
slide-20
SLIDE 20

Illinois Space Society 20

ECLSS Upgrades

  • Redundancies

– Systems not requiring redundancies

  • Oxygen and Water. Crew will have enough time to repair these systems if

something occurs

– Systems requiring redundancies

  • Carbon dioxide and Humidity. Crew will use redundant system while

fixing main system

  • Radiation Shielding

– B-330 walls coated with polyethylene. Will provide 10 g/cm2 of protection – Two crew quarters will receive an extra 10 g/cm2 coating – This amount of shielding adheres to the short-term dose limits

Organ 30 Day Limit 1 Year Limit Eye 1.0 Gy-Eq 1.5 Gy-Eq Skin 2.0 3.0 BFO 0.25 0.5

slide-21
SLIDE 21

Illinois Space Society 21

ECLSS & Consumables

  • Consumables

– Total food with 30% margin required: 10,473 kg – Total water with 30% margin required: 3,363 kg

  • Effects of microgravity

– Same exercise devices on board as ECHO. – Artificial gravity will be considered.

  • Consequences of long duration space travel

– Crew concerns- isolation, fatigue, and strained relationships – Requires maintenance and repair

  • Maintenance and repair

– Intention to utilize 3D printing to print parts – Increase commonality between parts in the ECLSS systems

slide-22
SLIDE 22

Illinois Space Society 22

ECHO-MV Power and Mass Budget

ECHO Subsystem Mass (kg) Power (kW) Payload 2,100 2.55 ECLSS 6,904 5.32 Structures 12,750 0.75 Attitude Det. & Control 40 0.11 Communications/Data Handling 143 1.3 Thermal 1,600 0.55 Power 658 Propulsion 300 Fluids 2,916 Artificial Gravity Options 2,182 Additional Equipment (Launched Separately) 19,636 6 Orbiting Total + 15% Margin 56,614 12.17

slide-23
SLIDE 23

Illinois Space Society 23

Conclusions

  • Expanded commercial operations in LEO
  • Allows cost-effective GEO satellite servicing
  • Enables NASA to focus on new missions
  • Dual mission capabilities
  • Flexible Mars Mission Habitat

Questions?

slide-24
SLIDE 24

Illinois Space Society 24

Additional Slides

slide-25
SLIDE 25

Illinois Space Society 25

SatServ Graphs

slide-26
SLIDE 26

Illinois Space Society 26

Structural Analysis

slide-27
SLIDE 27

Illinois Space Society 27

ECHO LEO Refueling Craft

  • Cygnus-derived
  • Capacity

– 1,500 kg Tetroxide/Monomethyl hydrazine – 2,000 kg SatServ Krypton

slide-28
SLIDE 28

Illinois Space Society 28

ECHO LEO Mass and Power

slide-29
SLIDE 29

Illinois Space Society 29

ECHO LEO Mass and Power

slide-30
SLIDE 30

Illinois Space Society 30

ECHO –MV Interior Layout

slide-31
SLIDE 31

Illinois Space Society 31

ECHO-MV Launch Fairing

slide-32
SLIDE 32

Illinois Space Society 32

ECHO Launch Mass Mass (kg) Pow er (kW) TRL Continued Launch Mass Mass (kg) Pow er (kW) TRL Payload Thermal [34] (1) RMS [35] 500 0.55 8-9 (2) Radiator Assemblies 750 9 (2) ISPRs 1,600 2.0 9 Passive Thermal Con. System 50 9 ECLSS Active Thermal Con. System [25] 800 0.55 9 Air Revitalization [12] 447 2.6 9 Power Temp/Humidity Control [12] 137 2.2 9 (2) XTJ Prime Solar Arrays 200 9 Radiation Shielding [36] http://rascal.nianet.org/wp- content/uploads/2015/07/MIT_2 016-RASC-AL-Technical- Report.pdf 2,478 . 9 (4) VL48E Li-Ion Batteries 458 9 Fire Detect./Suppression [12] 17 0.02 9 Propulsion Crew Cabin 260 9 Bipropellant Hydrazine Thrusters 100 9 Water Recovery [13] 734 0.5 9 Propellant Storage System 200 9 (1) Treadmill [16] 998 9 Fluids (1) Exercise Bike [16] 250 9 ECHO Dual Fuel (MMH/NTO) 1,500 9 (1) ARED Device [15] 1,000 9 SatServ Propellant Storage 500 9 Structures Water/Ammonia Coolant [25] 300 9 Central Structure 5,000 7 Potable Water [37] 1,116 9 Expandable Exterior 4,000 7 Launch Totals 27,129 10.88 (2) NDS Mechanism+CBM [38] 1,250 0.50 7 Additional Equipment (Launched Separate) EVA Airlock/Gas Storage 3,000 0.25 9 (6) ISPRs 4,800 6 9 Attitude Det. & Control Food (Annual,1.83 kg/day/person) 3,476 9 (4) CMG [23] 32 0.08 9 Water (Annual) 1,116 9 (2) Star Tracker [19] 4.4 0.016 9 (4) EERs 1,600 2 9 (2) Sun Sensor [20] 0.42 0.0002 9 (4) EVA Suits 240 9 (2) Accelerometer [22] 2.6 0.008 9 Repair Tools and ORUs 1,000 Horizon Tracker [21] 1.5 0.001 9 Equipped Orbiting Total 39,361 18.88 Communications/Data Handling (2) Antenna (Ku) and Radio [39] 207 0.1 9 Orbiting Total + 15% Margin 43,297 20.77 (1) Non-Par. 6 dB Gain Antenna 200 0.1 9 Data Bus Architecture 100 0.5 9 ECHO Launch Mass Mass (kg) Pow er (kW) TRL Continued Launch Mass Mass (kg) Pow er (kW) TRL Payload Thermal [34] (1) RMS [35] 500 0.55 8-9 (2) Radiator Assemblies 750 9 (2) ISPRs 1,600 2.0 9 Passive Thermal Con. System 50 9 ECLSS Active Thermal Con. System [25] 800 0.55 9 Air Revitalization [12] 447 2.6 9 Power Temp/Humidity Control [12] 137 2.2 9 (2) XTJ Prime Solar Arrays 200 9 Radiation Shielding [36] http://rascal.nianet.org/wp- content/uploads/2015/07/MIT_2 016-RASC-AL-Technical- Report.pdf 2,478 . 9 (4) VL48E Li-Ion Batteries 458 9 Fire Detect./Suppression [12] 17 0.02 9 Propulsion Crew Cabin 260 9 Bipropellant Hydrazine Thrusters 100 9 Water Recovery [13] 734 0.5 9 Propellant Storage System 200 9 (1) Treadmill [16] 998 9 Fluids (1) Exercise Bike [16] 250 9 ECHO Dual Fuel (MMH/NTO) 1,500 9 (1) ARED Device [15] 1,000 9 SatServ Propellant Storage 500 9 Structures Water/Ammonia Coolant [25] 300 9 Central Structure 5,000 7 Potable Water [37] 1,116 9 Expandable Exterior 4,000 7 Launch Totals 27,129 10.88 (2) NDS Mechanism+CBM [38] 1,250 0.50 7 Additional Equipment (Launched Separate) EVA Airlock/Gas Storage 3,000 0.25 9 (6) ISPRs 4,800 6 9 Attitude Det. & Control Food (Annual,1.83 kg/day/person) 3,476 9 (4) CMG [23] 32 0.08 9 Water (Annual) 1,116 9 (2) Star Tracker [19] 4.4 0.016 9 (4) EERs 1,600 2 9 (2) Sun Sensor [20] 0.42 0.0002 9 (4) EVA Suits 240 9 (2) Accelerometer [22] 2.6 0.008 9 Repair Tools and ORUs 1,000 Horizon Tracker [21] 1.5 0.001 9 Equipped Orbiting Total 39,361 18.88 Communications/Data Handling (2) Antenna (Ku) and Radio [39] 207 0.1 9 Orbiting Total + 15% Margin 43,297 20.77 (1) Non-Par. 6 dB Gain Antenna 200 0.1 9 Data Bus Architecture 100 0.5 9
slide-33
SLIDE 33

Illinois Space Society 33

ECHO-MV Power and Mass Budget

ECHO-MV Launch Mass Mass (kg) Power (kW) TRL Payload (1) RMS [35] 500 0.55 8 (2) ISPRs 1,600 2.0 9 ECLSS Air Revitalization 447 2.6 9 Temp/Hum. Control 137 2.2 9 Radiation Shielding 3,839 4 Fire Detection/Suppression 17 .02 9 Crew Cabin 260 9 Water Recovery 734 0.5 9 (1)Treadmill 220 9 (1) Exercise Bike 250 9 (1) ARED Device 1,000 9 Structures Central Structure 5,000 7 Expandable Exterior 4,000 7 (1) NDS Mechanism 500 0.25 7 (1) CBM 250 0.25 9 EVA Airlock/Gas Storage 3,000 0.25 9 ECHO-MV Launch Mass Mass (kg) Powe r (kW) TR L Attitude Det. & Control (4) CMG 32 0.08 9 Star Tracker 4.4 0.016 9 Sun Sensor 0.21 0.0002 9 Accelerometer 2.6 0.008 9 Communications/Data Handling (2) Radio Transceiver 20 0.2 9 (1) 3.8m Parabolic Antenna 17 0.1 9 Data Bus Architecture 100 0.5 9 X-Band GaN Solid State Power Amplifier 5.6 0.5 9

slide-34
SLIDE 34

Illinois Space Society 34

ECHO-MV Power and Mass Budget

Continued Launch Mass Mass (kg) Power (kW) TRL Thermal (2) Radiator Assemblies 750 9 Passive Thermal Con. System 50 9 Active Thermal Con. System 800 0.55 9 Power (2) XTJ Prime Solar Arrays 200 9 (4) Li-Ion Batteries 458 6 Propulsion Bipropellant Hydrazine Thrusters 100 9 Propellant Storage System 200 9 Fluids ECHO Dual Fuel (MMH/NTO) 1,500 9 Water/Ammonia Coolant 300 9 Potable Water(93% Recycle Rate) 1,116 9 Continued Launch Mass Mass (kg) Power (kW) TRL Artificial Gravity Options (12) Kevlar Tether Cables 24.76 4 (12) Winch/Attachments 434.94 4 Fuel for spin up/down cycles 1,722 9 Launch Totals 29,591 10.57 Launch Totals +30% Margin Additional Equipment (Launched Separate) (4) ISPRs 3,200 4 9 Food (Annual,1.83 kg/day/person) 10,473 9 Water (Annual) 3,363 9 (4) EERs 1,600 2 9 Repair Tools and ORUs 1,000 9 Equipped Orbiting Total 49,228 16.57 Orbiting Total + 30% Margin 63,996 21.55

slide-35
SLIDE 35

Illinois Space Society 35

Business Model Additional

$88.07 $180.09 $3.54 $9.97 $3.64 $6.21

Production Cost (Millions) LEO variant

ECLSS Structures Attitude Control Communications Thermal Control Power

$644.35 $394.55 $5.87 $15.02 $9.64 $29.77

Design & Development Cost (Millions) Mars Version

ECLSS Structures Attitude Control Communications Thermal Control Power

$144.42 $180.09 $3.43 $9.97 $3.64 $6.21

Production Cost (Millions) Mars Version

ECLSS Structures Attitude Control Communications Thermal Control Power $0 $100 $200 $300 $400 $500 $600 $700 $800 $900

Expenditures and Revenues FY2017- FY2037 (Millions) (50%/50% Cost Distribution)

NASA Commercial partner(s) ECHO Income