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Ebola Virus – the agent
- Filovirus
- Negative strand RNA
virus
CDC 2014
Ebola Epidemic 2014 The disease and the impact George Smulian M.D. - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Ebola Epidemic 2014 The disease and the impact George Smulian M.D. - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Ebola Epidemic 2014 The disease and the impact George Smulian M.D. Infectious Disease Division Director, UC COM Chief, ID Section Cincinnati VAMC Ebola Virus the agent Filovirus Negative strand RNA virus CDC 2014 Country Town
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Country Town Cases Deaths Species Year
- Dem. Rep. of
Congo Yambuku 318 280 Zaire ebolavirus 1976 South Sudan Nzara 284 151 Sudan ebolavirus 1976 South Sudan Nzara 34 22 Sudan ebolavirus 1979 Gabon Mekouka 52 31 Zaire ebolavirus 1994 Ivory Coast Tai Forest 1 Taï Forest ebolavirus 1994
- Dem. Rep. of
Congo Kikwit 315 250 Zaire ebolavirus 1995 Gabon Mayibout 37 21 Zaire ebolavirus 1996 Gabon Booue 60 45 Zaire ebolavirus 1996 South Africa Johannesburg 2 1 Zaire ebolavirus 1996 Uganda Gulu 425 224 Zaire ebolavirus 2000 Gabon Libreville 65 53 Zaire ebolavirus 2001 Republic of Congo Mbomo 143 128 Zaire ebolavirus 2002 Republic of Congo Mbomo 35 29 Zaire ebolavirus 2003 South Sudan Yambio 17 7 Zaire ebolavirus 2004
- Dem. Rep. of
Congo Luebo 264 187 Zaire ebolavirus 2007 Uganda Bundibugyo 149 37 Bundibugyo ebolavirus 2007
- Dem. Rep. of
Congo Luebo 32 15 Zaire ebolavirus 2008 Uganda Luwero District 1 1 Sudan ebolavirus 2011
- Dem. Rep. of
Congo Isiro Health Zone 36* 13* Bundibugyo ebolavirus 2012 Uganda Luwero District 6* 3* Sudan ebolavirus 2012
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How contagious is Ebola?
Adam Cole/NPR 2014 R0 = Reproduction ration
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CDC 2014
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Wikipedia.org
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Wikipedia.org
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Pathogenesis
- Broad cellular
tropism
- Macrophages,
dendritic cell and monocytes preferred sites of replication
- VP35 acts as a
type 1 interferon inhibitor
Lancet 2012
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Diagnosis
Timeline of Infection Diagnostic tests available Within a few days after symptoms begin
- Antigen-capture ELISA testing
- IgM ELISA
- PCR
- Virus isolation
Later in disease course or after recovery
- IgM and IgG antibodies
Retrospectively in deceased patients
- Immunohistochemistry testing
- PCR
- Virus isolation
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Impact
- Local
– Deaths secondary to EVD – Economic impacts
- Reduced social interaction
– Increased isolation – Impact on education
- Reduced commerce
– Markets deserted – Entertainment industry devastated
- Reduced agricultural production
– Crops rotting in fields due to lack of farm workers
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Impact
- Local
– Health impacts
- Disease related
- Diversion of routine health spending/services
– Per capita spending in Liberia, Guinea and Sierra Leone - $39-96 per year
- Nutritional impact
– Increased poverty and malnutrition
- Infrastructure investment
– New investment may improve long term health
- utcomes
SLIDE 14
Global Impact
- World Bank / IMF prediction of $32.9
billion impact on West African countries
– Cocoa prices increased 10% in past 2 months
- Reduced integration to world economy
– Reduced travel, investment
- Redirected health spending
– Finite health care spending
- Reduced spending on other efforts