E NVIRONMENTAL I SOTOPIC S TUDIES ON M AJOR K ARST A QUIFER IN L AKE - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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E NVIRONMENTAL I SOTOPIC S TUDIES ON M AJOR K ARST A QUIFER IN L AKE - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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I NTERNATIONAL S YMPOSIUM ON I SOTOPES IN H YDROLOGY , M ARINE E COSYSTEMS , AND C LIMATE C HANGE S TUDIES O CEANOGRAPHIC M USEUM OF M ONACO E NVIRONMENTAL I SOTOPIC S TUDIES ON M AJOR K ARST A QUIFER IN L AKE V AN B ASIN (T URKEY ) Harun AYDIN (a)

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ENVIRONMENTAL ISOTOPIC STUDIES ON MAJOR KARST AQUIFER IN LAKE VAN BASIN (TURKEY)

Harun AYDIN(a) harun@yyu.edu.tr Erkan DİŞLİ(a), Mehmet EKMEKÇİ(b), Levent TEZCAN(b), Nevin AKSOY(c)

(a) Department of Environmental Engineering, Yüzüncü Yıl University, Van, Turkey (b) International Research Center for Karst Water Resources (UKAM), Hacettepe University, Beytepe, Ankara, Turkey (c) 17th Regional Directory of State Hydraulic Works, Van, Turkey

27 March – 1 April 2011, Monaco

INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ISOTOPES IN HYDROLOGY, MARINE ECOSYSTEMS, AND CLIMATE CHANGE STUDIES OCEANOGRAPHIC MUSEUM OF MONACO

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SLIDE 2

Recharge Flow Storage Discharge

Requires Sp Special St Studies Conceptual Hydrogeological Model

Granular Karstic Recharge Climate Morphology + Climate Flow media Porosity Fractured systems + Karstic channels Storage Saturated Zone Vadose + Saturated zone Discharge Low High Flow type Laminar Laminar – Turbulence Hydraulic head Low High Chemical composition Low High Groundwater velocity < 10-3 m/s > 10-3 m/s

Granular Environment isotropic/homogen hydrodynamic properties Karstic Environment anisotropic/heterogen hydrodynamic properties ?

Sudy Objective

to use physical, chemical and isotopic techniques to evaluate the hydrodynamic properties of the major karst aquifer in the Lake Van basin.

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SLIDE 3

Lake Van Level 1648 m Depth 451 m Area 3577 × 106 km2 Volume 568 × 109 km3

Study Area Area 2530 km2 Min 1648 m Max 3680 m Mean 2353 m

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SLIDE 4

Karst Springs

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SLIDE 5
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SLIDE 6
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SLIDE 7

Akpınar Dönemeç Sakalar Gündoğan Springs Soğuksu

Karst Springs

Şamran Şamran Şamran

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SLIDE 8

3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 Feb 07 Jul 07 Nov 07 Apr 08 Sep 08 Feb 09 Jul 09 Dec 09 May 10 Oct 10 Mar 11 Discharge (m3/s) Daily Monthly

Parametres Şamran Akpınar Gündoğan Sakalar Sum (SAM) (CAM) (GND) (GUN) (SAK) n 265 6 4 4 4

  • Average (m3/s)

4.739 0.195 0.164 0.180 0.167 5.445 Min (m3/s) 3.497 0.147 0.125 0.152 0.138 4.059 Max (m3/s) 6.669 0.233 0.188 0.226 0.223 7.549

February 7, 2007 to February 24, 2011

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End of recession period

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 Volume (%) t (day - after July 17, 2007) Discharged water volume Remain water volume

2007 2008  (day-1) 0.002 0.0015 t (day) 242 243 Vt (*106 m3) 242.61 289.38 Vd (*106 m3) 98.1 86.43 (%) 40.42 29.9 Vr (*106 m3-%) 144.5 202.95 (%) 59.58 70.10

Recession Period July 17, 2007 to March 15, 2008 July 3, 2008 to March 3, 2009

Maillet Equation

K T S

Fractured Systems

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SLIDE 10

Field measurements YSI 556 MP (T, pH, EC, TDS, etc.) Major ions Hacettepe University Trace elements Ankara, TURKEY

3H

Stable isotopes Perdue University (18O ve D ) Indiana, USA

Hydrochemistry (Data Logger and Field Measurements)

February 07, 2007

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Hidrogeochemistry (Field Measurements)

n 18577 pH T (C) ECA (mS/cm) EC25 (mS/cm) Min 6.27 10.17 464.00 647.37 Max 7.34 10.61 685.00 944.63 Ave 6.76 10.37 593.60 823.74 SD 0.14 0.11 22.25 27.6 CV 2.02 1.06 3.75 3.3

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Hidrogeochemistry

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Isotopic Studies – Local Meteoric Water Line

Sampling name Sampling time d

2H

d

18O

d ‰ Elevation (m) Snow1 26.02.2009

  • 143.7
  • 19.5

12.3 2350 Snow2 26.02.2009

  • 115.6
  • 17.1

20.9 2226 Snow3 26.02.2009

  • 98.9
  • 14.6

17.7 2120 Snow4 26.02.2009

  • 93.1
  • 13.2

12.1 2030 Snow5 26.02.2009

  • 88.7
  • 12.8

13.6 1923 Snow6 26.02.2009

  • 84.4
  • 12.9

18.5 1913 Snow7 26.02.2009

  • 72.3
  • 11.6

20.1 1823 Snow8 26.02.2009

  • 75.2
  • 11.1

13.9 1744

  • 72.3
  • 11.1

20.9

  • 143.7
  • 19.5

12.1

  • 96.5
  • 14.1

16.1 Maximum Minimum Average GMVL dD = 8  d18O + 10 MMWL dD = 8  d18O + 22

  • 150
  • 140
  • 130
  • 120
  • 110
  • 100
  • 90
  • 80
  • 70
  • 60
  • 20
  • 19
  • 18
  • 17
  • 16
  • 15
  • 14
  • 13
  • 12
  • 11
  • 10
  • 9

dD (‰ SMOW) d18O (‰ SMOW) LMWL dD=8xd18O+16.5

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SLIDE 14

GMWL dD = 8  d18O + 10 MMWL dD = 8  d18O + 22

  • 90
  • 85
  • 80
  • 75
  • 70
  • 65
  • 60
  • 55
  • 14
  • 13
  • 12
  • 11
  • 10
  • 9

dD (‰ SMOW) d18O (‰ SMOW)

Gürpınar Marbel Aquifer (GND, GUN,SAK, SAM) Gürpınar Marble Aquifer (ARK, CAM, DON) Lake Van Zernek Dam

Isotopic Studies – Spring Waters

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Isotopic Studies – Spring Waters

0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 18.0 20.0 Trityum (TU) Cl (ppm)

Gürpınar Marble Aquifer (GND, GUN, SAK ve SAM) Gürpınar Marble Aquifer (ARK, DON, CAM) Snow Young Waters Old Waters Deep Circulation

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SLIDE 16

Isotopic Studies Recharge Altitude

dD = -0.1239 H + 155.59

  • 160
  • 140
  • 120
  • 100
  • 80
  • 60
  • 40
  • 20

1500 1700 1900 2100 2300 2500 Elevation (m, asl) dD %o

Average recharge altitudes calculated as approximately 2200 m.

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Conclusions

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This study was supported by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TÜBİTAK) with Project No: 106Y040. İlginiz ve dikkatiniz için teşekkür ederim, Thanks for your interest and attention, Merci de votre intérêts et l‘attention, Dankzij voor uw interesse en aandacht, Ευχαριςτώ για το ενδιαφέρον και την προςοχή ςασ, Grazie per la l’interesse e l‘attenzione, あなたの興味と関心を お寄せいただきありがとうございます, اركش مكتيانعو مكمامتهلب, Спасибо за ваш интерес и внимание, Hvala za vaše zanimanje in pozornost, Dziękujemy za zainteresowanie i uwagę, Gracias por su interés y atención, 感谢您的关注和重视

Lake Van, Akdamar Church and Mt. Artos