DSM Gut Health School 15-16 March, 2018 Copenhagen Use of - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

DSM Gut Health School

15-16 March, 2018 Copenhagen

Use of biomarkers in relation to beneficial microbiota or their metabolites in the gastro- intestinal tract

Pietro Celi (DVM, PhD)

DSM Nutritional Products, Columbia (MD), USA

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Outline

• Introduction
• Gastro-Intestinal (GAIN) Functionality

– #feed4GAIN

• GAIN biomarkers

– Microbiota – Omics – VOCs

• Conclusions

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#feed4GAIN in Animal Nutrition and Health

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Proper digestion and absorption of valuable feed nutrients Less wastage

• f nutrients

Optimizes feed conversion ratio Minimum foul

• dor

Provides resistance against entero- pathogens Checks mortality and morbidity losses

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Key aspects of GAIN functionality

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Nutrient uptake



Malnutrition Immune tolerance



Feed allergens Immune response



Prevention of infections Gut-brain axis



Energy homeostasis & behaviour

GIT more than digestion and absorption

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Key aspects of GAIN functionality

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Digestive stress Environmental stress Immune system compromised PWD and digestive disorders

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Key aspects of GAIN functionality

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Healthy chicken Normal excreta

Impaired GAIN functionality

Reduced immunit y Dietary factors Infections

Necrotic enteritis Undigested feed

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GAstro-INtestinal (GAIN) Functionality

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#feed4GAIN

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GAstro-INtestinal (GAIN) Functionality

• ‘a steady state where the

microbiome and the intestinal tract (host) exist in symbiotic equilibrium and where the welfare and performance of the animal is not constrained by

intestinal dysfunction’

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Welfare Diet GIT microbiota Digestion & absorption GIT mucosa Immune stat us Gastrointestinal Functionality

#feed4GAIN

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Gastrointestinal microbiota

• Regulation of host homeostasis
• Changes in feeding practices, imbalanced diet will

impair GIT microbiota

• Feed for GAIN (#feed4GAIN)
• What are the factors that influence the

development of the GIT microbiota?

• What is the role of the GIT microbiota in the

relationships between animal nutrition, GIT physiology, immune status and the gut -brain axis?

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#feed4GAIN

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Eubiosis vs disbiosis

• Maximum performance of can only be

achieved, if a balance of beneficial and non beneficial bacteria tract occurs.

• Under conditions of stress, beneficial bacteria

especially the lactobacilli have a tendency to decrease in numbers and be overgrown by the non-beneficial ones.

• This situation can lead either in clinical signs
• r subclinical in a reduction of growth and

feed efficiency.

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Gastrointestinal microbiota as BFF

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Feed efficiency and the GIT microbiota

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GIT Microbiota

Genetics Diet Environment Age

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Feed efficiency and the GIT microbiota

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Feed Efficiency

Genetics Diet Environment Age

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Gastrointestinal microbiota: the OMICS approach

• Microbiota level (community of

microbes):

– List of discriminating species and families

• f bact eria, shift of population
• Microbiome level (genes)

– Link to metabolic and biochemical

functions

– Indicat ion on MoA of treatment

• Faeces vs caecum vs ileal content
• Analysis vs zootechnical parameters
• Analysis vs biomarkers

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Microbiota diet and age related changes

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Torok et al. (2011) AEM 77: 5868

Cecal microbial communities by diet

http:/ / dx.doi.org/ 10.1093/ femsle/ fnv122

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Are variations in GIT microbiota responsible for differences in feed efficiency?

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Torok et al. (2011) AEM 77: 5868

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Microbiota development is crucial

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S tanley et al. (2013) PloS ONE 8(12): e84290

Distribution of FCR values given as a probability density function across the three trials.

Trial 1 grey, trial 2 black, and trial 3 light grey.

Multivariat e analysis PCA plot of cecal microbiota

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Fecal microbiome of high and low FCR broilers

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Phylum Low FCR High FCR Actinobacteria 150 (0.979 % ) 71 (1.40 % ) Bacteroidetes 1088 (7.10 % ) 887 (17.53 % ) Firmicutes 1834 (11.97 % ) 1393 (27.53 % ) Fusobacteria 34 (0.222 % ) 8 (0.158 % ) Proteobacteria 12069 (78.83 % ) 2633 (52.04 % ) S pirochaetes 13 (0.084 % ) 2 (0.039 % ) S ynergistetes 43 (0.280 % ) 15 (0.296 % ) Verrucomicrobia 11 (0.071 % ) 5 (0.098 % ) Unclassified 30 (0.195 % )

–

Other 37 (0.182 % ) 47 (0.929 % )

S ingh et al. (2014) J Appl Genet 55: 145

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Volatile Organic Compounds in piglets feces

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Volatile Organic Compounds in piglets feces

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FS=0 FS=1 FS=2

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Volatile Organic Compounds in piglets feces

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Volatile Organic Compounds in piglets feces

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Top row (left to right), A vs B; A vs C; A vs D. A: LP - eubiotic B: LP + eubiotic C: HP - eubiotic D: HP + eubiotic Bottom row (left to right) B vs C; B vs D; C vs D.

ROC for intervention

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Fate of proteins in the gut

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Proteins

Amino acids (AA) Aromatic AA (tryptophan) Phenolic and indolic compounds Other AA Ammonia Amines H2, CO2, CH4,

• rganic acids

S ulfur AA (cysteine) S ulfur compounds

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Fecal VOCs Ammonia Hydrogen sulfide S hort Chain Fatty Acids (S CF As) Formic acid acetic acid propionic acid butyric acid valeric acid Branched-chain fatty acids isobutyrate, 2- methylbutyrate isovalerate

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Metabolites produced by microbial fermentation

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Volatile Organic Compounds in piglets feces

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Conclusions

• Gastro-Intestinal Functionality is a key aspect for maintaining

health, welfare and productivity

• Optimal Gastro-Intestinal Functionality is crucial to promote

sustainability of livestock and poultry farming

• Modern technologies (microbiota profiling, genomics,

metagenomics, metabolomics etc.) enable better understanding of key aspects of GAIN functionality and how to measure it

• Modern technologies enhances the identification and selection of

feed ingredients / feed additives (Eubiotics) which can effectively modulate gut microbiota and maintaining eubiosis in the gut

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#feed4GAIN

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Conclusions

• Need to translate current knowledge

into practical applications

• GAIN Biomarkers are needed to

– Assess of GAIN functionality – Evaluate nutritional interventions

(#feed4GAIN)

• We propose a multidisciplinary system-

based approach where markers of each

• f the 6 key domains are integrated in a

biomarker panel

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#feed4GAIN