Drivers decision-making supported by The Snow Visibility Information - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Drivers decision-making supported by The Snow Visibility Information system Kokubu, T bu, T., , Takec echi hi, H H., ., Har arad ada, Y., Om ., Omiya, S S., and M ., and Mats atsuzawa, M M Civil E Engi gineer neering R ng
Civil E Engi gineer neering R ng Resear earch I h Institut ute f e for C Cold R d Region (
), P PWRI, , Japan an
Sapporo, CERI
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Max:208cm=6ft9in
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* 40% of road closures - snowstorms
Snowfall Snowstorm
Avalanche Risk of avalanche 5% Landslide Risk of landslide Road flooded Risk of road flooded 1% Bank collapsed 1% High wave Flood Eruption
Winter Summer
National road closure in Hokkaido 1998 - 2007 Total ; 2020 times Snowstorms cause ... Poor visibility Snowdrifts
Causes of national road closure in Hokkaido
Reduce damage caused by snowstorms ... Road: Installation of blowing-snow control measures Driver: Help drivers to make safer decisions
Snowstorm visibility information Chose safer route Visibility Information Snowstorm Information Blowing-snow control facilities
Snow fences Snow break woods
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* Control measures are installed in areas storms frequently occur. * Recently, bomb cyclones cause blowing-snow. * Snow-control facilities require much time and cost to construct, so cannot address sudden storms.
Camera
URL: http://northern-road.jp/navi/
Hokkaido Road Information Website
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……… (1) (Takechi, 2009)
The mass flux of snow is the mass of snow particles snow particles passing through a specific unit cross-section during a particular unit time Vis [m] : Visibility Mf [g/m2/s] : Mass flux of snow
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The snow concentration is the mass of snow particles in a particular unit space
…………(2)
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(Matsuzawa et al,1998)
Snowfall Drifting snow
…………(3) P [g/(m2s)] : Snowfall intensity wf [m/s] : Falling velocity of snowfall particles ( = 1.2 [m/s]) wb [m/s] : Falling velocity of suspended snow particles ( = 0.35 [m/s]) z [m] : Height of the viewpoint of small-vehicle drivers ( = 1.2 [m]) zt [m] : Reference height (0.15 [m]) Nt [g] : When snowfall intensity is high. Nt = 0.166・e0.309・V10 When snowfall intensity is low or zero Nt = 0.274・e0.401・V10 (Where, V10 is the wind velocity at a height of 10 m) U* : Friction velocity ( = 0.036×V10) K : Karman’s constant ( = 0.4)
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In providing the information, to facilitate understanding of visibility during snowstorms, the estimated visibility was classified into five levels ranging from 1,000 m or more to less than 100 m.
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Snowstorm Visibility Information for PCs
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Hakodate Muroran Otaru Rumoi Kushiro Abashiri Wakkanai Asahikawa Sapporo As of March 10 2015,15:00(It’s renew 30minitues)
Forecast
24 hour later Snowstorm Visibility Information for smart phone
Area: 221 areas in Hokkaido
Good (1,000m or more) Good (1,000m or more) Somewhat poor (500-999m) Poor (200m-499m) Quite poor (100-199m) Significantly poor (less than 100m)
( ) □less than 500m □less than 200m □less than 100m □3hours □6hours
Conditions for Automatic E-mail Delivery Receive e-mails informing of poor visibility forecasts
fuyumichi@time-n-rd.jp xxsampleaddressxx@ceri.go.jp
Reduction of visibility in the nemuro north area 200 m is expected over the next 6 hours due to snowstrom. Please monition conditions and consider you safely when driving during his period INemuro north area Nakashibetsu town 1hour delya ： visibility less than 100m Shibecha town 1hour delya ： visibility less than 100m ： ： ↓↓for details↓↓ PC web site http://northern-road.jp/navi/touge/fubuki.htm 6 o’clock：Reduction in visibility range
Reduction of visibility in the Nemuro north area
200 m is expected over the next 6 hours due to snowstrom. Please monition conditions and consider you safely when driving during his period. Nemuro north area Nakashibetsu town 1hour delay ： visibility less than 100m Shibecha town 1hour delay ： visibility less than 100m ： ↓↓for details↓↓ For PC website http://northern-road.jp/navi/touge/fubuki.htm ：
2015 15/0 /01/ 1/09 09 06:01 01:12 12
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( this winter )
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30,000 20,000 10,000
December
Page views per day
MAX：30,547views
Mean for Nov. 28 through Mar. 31 4,154 views per day February The Japan Meteorological Agency announced that the snowstorm would be on a scale of that occurring only
March January
Cumulative page views (PC and smartphone)
November
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Respondents: 473 The main use purpose The age composition
20 Year Old Generation, 3% 30 Year Old Generation, 13% 40 Year Old Generation, 35% 50 Year Old Generation, 33% 60 Year Old Generation, 13% More than 70 years old , 3%
Respondents: 473 Respondents: 429
81％
Commuting, 21% Work （transport）, 6% Work（road management）, 10% Work （other）, 26% Traveling, 17% Go to hospital and shopping, 16% Other, 4%
63％
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Respondents: 259
Satisfied 46% Very satisfied 13% Somewhat satisfied 29% Somewhat dissatisfied 10% Dissatisfied 2% Very dissatisfied 0%
Website for smartphones
Website for smartphones Website for PCs Respondents: 263
Satisfied 43% Very satisfied 11% Somewhat dissatisfied 10% Dissatisfied 4% Very dissatisfied 0% Somewhat satisfied 32%
88％ 90％
I always or often change my travel plans or schedule. 79% I always or often keep my travel plans or schedule unchanged. 19% Poor visibility of 200 m or less has never been predicted in the forecast area. 3%
Breakdown
60% 59% 40% 22% 7% 4% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80%
I changed my departure time. I refrained from going out
I changed my route. I brought a shovel and warm clothing. I canceled my driving plans and used public transport. Other
Multiple answers (Respondents 352) Excluding two respondents who gave no answers Respondents: 448
How likely is it for you to change your schedule or travel plans when poor visibility of less than 200 m is predicted by the Snowstorm Visibility Information System?
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z
Commuting, 21% Work （transport）, 6% Work（road management）, 10% Work （other）, 26% Traveling, 17% Go to hospital and shopping, 16% Other, 4%
classification Purpose of the questionnaire Commuting
Commuting
Work
Work（transport） Work （road management） Work（other）
Private
Traveling Going out shopping and go to hospital Other Use classification for cross-tabulation Respondents: 429
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I always or often change my travel plans or schedule. 79% I always or often keep my travel plans or schedule unchanged. 19% Poor visibility of 200 m or less has never been predicted in the forecast area. 3%
classification Purpose of the questionnaire Commuting
Commuting
Work
Work（transport） Work （road management） Work（other）
Private
Traveling Going out shopping and go to hospital Other Respondents: 448
77% 77% 88%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
通勤 仕事 私用その他
Commut
（N=95） Work （N=184） Private （N=154）
The behavior and the schedule are changed or often changed. The behavior and the schedule are not changed or often changed.
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Respondents: 259
Website for smartphones
Respondents: 263
Very satisfied 13% Satisfied 44% Somewhat satisfied 33% Somewhat dissatisfied 7% Dissatisfied 1% Very dissatisfied 2%
88％
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63％
Visited the Snowstorm Visibility Information website for detailed information. 46% Referred to the information received via e- mails in making travel plans. 27% Checked weather warnings and
17% Checked the information received via e- mail alone. 8% Didn’t make use
received via e-
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