Driver Alcohol Detection System for Safety (DADSS) A Cooperative - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Driver Alcohol Detection System for Safety (DADSS) A Cooperative - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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WWW.DADSS.ORG Driver Alcohol Detection System for Safety (DADSS) A Cooperative Research Effort Between Industry and Government The Center for Transportation Studies Minneapolis, MN February 15, 2011 Susan Ferguson, Ph.D. ACTS WWW.DADSS.ORG

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The Center for Transportation Studies Minneapolis, MN February 15, 2011 Susan Ferguson, Ph.D. ACTS

Driver Alcohol Detection System for Safety (DADSS) A Cooperative Research Effort Between Industry and Government

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Driver Alcohol Detection System for Safety (DADSS)

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The Automotive Coalition for Traffic Safety and NHTSA entered into a cooperative agreement in February 2008 to “explore the feasibility, the potential benefits of, and the public policy challenges associated with a more widespread use of unobtrusive technology to prevent drunk driving”

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Goal is to develop non-invasive, seamless technologies to measure driver BAC and reduce the incidence of drunk driving

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Systems need to measure alcohol accurately, precisely, reliably, and in a very short time so the sober driver is not inconvenienced

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Five-year program to develop and test prototypes that may be considered for vehicle integration thereafter

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Devices intended to prevent alcohol impaired drivers (BAC " 0.08) from driving their vehicles

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Participating Manufacturers

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DADSS Blue Ribbon Panel (BRP)

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Appointed by ACTS, work in an advisory capacity.

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Experts from various disciplines: §! Auto manufacturers §! Alcohol toxicology §! Impairment §! Ignition interlocks §! Human factors

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Working groups to assist in: §! Performance Specifications §! Public Policy §! Program Management Plan §! Public Acceptance §! Research scientists §! MADD §! IIHS §! NHTSA §! Foreign governments

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2008 2009 2010 2013

Phase I Funding Phase II Funding

Perform Interior Mockup Testing Develop DADSS Research Vehicle Implement DADSS Subsystem(s) in Vehicle Interior Mockup Perform DADSS Research Vehicle Testing

Phase II Subsystem Development

Human Subjects Tests Human Subjects Tests Interior Mockup Tests Vehicle Tests Perform Technology Verification Perform Prototype(s) Lab Testing Develop DADSS Subsystem Prototype(s) Bench Tests

Phase I Prototype Development

Human Subjects Tests

DADSS Program Process

Q3 Q2

Patents and Literature Review Performance Specifications Request for Proposals

Assess Current State

  • f Technology

Request for Information

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Program Timeline

2008 – H1 2008 – H2

CRA Signed RFI Released PMP Approved PS Draft7 Released RFP Released RFI Responses Task 3 Report RFI Evaluation and on-site visits

2009 – H1 2009 – H2

Offerors Presentations RFP Responses RFP Evaluation Task 4 Report Phase I Awards SCD Development PS Draft8 Released

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Program Timeline

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2010– H1 2010 – H2

Phase I Breath SCD Phase I Touch SCD Research Vehicle Integration Requirements Phase II RFP Prototypes Evaluation Human Subjects Test Protocol

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Stomach Intestines Liver Heart Lungs Capillary Bed Tissue and Organs Sweat/Vapor Waste

Arterial BAC

Inferior Vena Cava Hepatic Artery

Venous BAC Arterial Blood Venous Blood

Breath Alcohol Concentration Transdermal Alcohol Concentration Tissue Alcohol Concentration Urine Alcohol Concentration

Absorption Alcohol and Elimination

Portal Vein

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Driver Alcohol Detection System for Safety

OVERVIEW OF PHASE I TECHNOLOGIES BEING FUNDED FOR DEVELOPMENT

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Breath-Based Prototypes

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Alcohol (ethanol) and carbon dioxide in exhaled driver’s breath measured by infrared spectroscopy sensors §! Unobtrusive “sniffer” to detect alcohol in the vehicle §! Carbon dioxide detection allows measurement of breath dilution §! Multiple sensors in-vehicle (steering wheel, A-Pillar, etc..)

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ACS/Daylight Solutions Prototype Schematic of possible vehicle application Autoliv Prototype

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Autoliv In-Vehicle Sensing

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In-vehicle expired breath aerodynamics studied to estimate alcohol levels at various positions with ventilation on and off

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Autoliv In-Vehicle Sensing

Door closing <5 sec after door closure for sensors on steering wheel In-Vehicle Signal Pattern

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Alcohol Countermeasure Systems (ACS)

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ACS prototype uses Infrared detection methodology §! Daylight Solution’s External Cavity Quantum Cascade Laser (ECqcL™) §! Scans a broad range of wavelengths

  • ! Ability to capture entire ethanol

spectrum

  • ! Allows detection of other potential

interfering substances

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MEMS-based prototype

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WWW.DADSS.ORG Measurement Conditions 100 sweeps 10 sec. acquisition time

ACS Development Status

Ethanol Methanol Isopropyl Alcohol Acetone

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Touch-Based Prototype

Tissue Spectrometry

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Touch-based system

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Uses Near Infrared to identify alcohol concentration in the dermis

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Extensive human subjects testing

TruTouch Prototype Schematic of possible vehicle application

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Driver Alcohol Detection System for Safety

BIOSAFETY LEVEL 1 LABORATORY

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DADSS BSL-1 Laboratory

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All DADSS prototype testing, including human subject studies, will be performed at the BSL-1 Laboratory at QinetiQ North America

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The laboratory provides §! Controlled environmental test conditions §! Commercial and custom test instrumentation §! Controlled storage §! Data acquisition systems §! Multiple work stations for materials preparation

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Human subject testing performed with experts from the McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School

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DADSS BSL-1 Laboratory

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Driver Alcohol Detection System for Safety

STANDARD CALIBRATION DEVICES

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DADSS Phase I Requirements

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Phase I POP Prototypes will be evaluated against the following performance specifications: §! Measure from 0.01% to 0.12% BAC §! Measurement time = 325 milliseconds §! Accuracy and Precision

  • ! 0.07%-0.09% BAC ! ±0.0003% BAC
  • ! Requires Standard Calibration Devices (SCD)

–! Breath-based systems –! Tissue-based systems

DADSS Performance Specifications DRAFT07 available at: http://dev.dadss.org/performance-specification/download

High accuracy but low precision High precision but low accuracy

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Standard Calibration Devices (SCD)

Objective

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Assess the accuracy and precision of the Phase I prototypes Approach

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Provide sample sources of “breath” or “tissue” SCD to sensor Challenge

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Develop process to assure the SCD performance §! Delivers targeted samples to POP sensor §! Has to exceed accuracy and precision requirements

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Wet Gas Breath Simulator

!! Models human breath volume and pressure profile by

using a pressurized vessel with humidified gases

§! 5 Liters of EtOH/CO2/N2/O2 in 1.5 seconds

!! Adjustable level of humidity (80-100% RH) !! Adjustable EtOH concentration (gas blender) !! Process heated to prevent condensation !! Ethanol introduced post humidification !! Potential for high accuracy and precision

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DADSS Program Review

POP PROTOTYPES BENCH TESTS EVALUATION

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Bench Test Evaluations

!! Bench Test Objectives

§! Independent evaluations of PoP Prototypes §! Measurement of system performance based upon

  • ! Time to present ethanol reading
  • ! Accuracy (standard error or SE)
  • ! Precision (standard deviation or SD)

§! Bench Test Protocols developed for

  • ! Breath-based
  • ! Tissue-based

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Touch-based Bench Test Results

!! At a BAC of 0.08% the prototype was able to exceed the

DADSS accuracy (SE) requirements (0.0003%) at sampling periods of 60 and 30 seconds (0.0001%)

!! At shorter sampling times the prototype was somewhat

higher than the specifications (15 sec – 0.0005%; 5 sec – 0.0013%)

!! Precision estimates (SD) fell short of the DADSS

specifications at all sampling periods

!! This represents significant progress compared with

specifications for existing evidential breath-test devices

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TruTouch Bench Test 0.080 % BAC Results

26 Evidential SE = ! 0.0050 % BAC! Evidential SD = ! 0.0042 % BAC!

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Direct Delivery Dry Gas Results

!! At 0.02, 0.08, and 0.12% BAC, the accuracy (SE) results

were close to or below the DADSS specifications (0.0003%)

§! 0.02% BAC - 0.0002% §! 0.08% BAC - 0.0004% §! 0.12% BAC- 0.0000%

!! Precision (SD) results exceeded the specifications, but

were still lower (better) than evidential standards

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Autoliv Direct Dry Gas Bench Test Results

28 Evidential SE = ! 0.0050 % BAC! Evidential SD = ! 0.0042 % BAC!

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DADSS Program Review

HUMAN SUBJECT TESTS

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Human Subjects Tests

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Subjects dosed to reach a BAC of 0.12

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Test procedures §! Blood is drawn at a rate of 1 ml/min through catheter §! Samples taken every 2.5 minutes §! Every 5 minutes subject provides: evidential breath sample, short puff of breath into DADSS breath-based system, and presses finger on touch pad of touch-based system

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Test 5

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Test 11 – Subject 10

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Driver Alcohol Detection System for Safety

PUBLIC ACCEPTANCE AND POLICY ISSUES

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Acceptance among the public and key leaders is critical

!! Technology will be effective only if the driving public

welcomes and accepts it: §! 58 percent of the U.S. public say they support smart technology to prevent driver impairment including alcohol-impaired driving (MADD U.S survey, 2006) §! 64 percent of the U.S. public say they support advanced technology in all vehicles, if it is reliable, to prevent anyone with an illegal BAC from driving their car (IIHS, 2009)

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Public Acceptance Research Needs

!! Assess what technology solutions might prove the most

acceptable and how they might best be implemented

!! Assess current levels of consumer understanding of

DADSS, and levels of acceptance

!! Monitor public acceptance levels over time and

willingness to adopt the technology on their vehicles

!! Educate the public about potential technological

solutions as it relates to the alcohol-impaired driving problem

!! Have discussions about policy issues with relevant

stakeholder groups

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Planned Public Acceptance Research

!! Focus groups !! Periodic national surveys !! Stakeholder group discussions !! Review and revise DADSS Performance Specifications,

as may be indicated by the findings of the public acceptance research

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Focus Group Goals

!! Gauge public perception of advanced in-vehicle alcohol

detection technologies, and identify potential barriers to their introduction

!! Provide input to technology design of the two approaches

currently being taken

!! Seek guidance on technology introduction strategy into

the passenger vehicle fleet

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Focus Group Design - Phase I

t! Focus groups will be conducted February-April 2011 t! 4 locations within the U.S.

t! Boston, Massachusetts t! Portland, Oregon t! Albuquerque, New Mexico t! Milwaukee, Wisconsin

t! 3 focus groups in each location

ü! Non-drinkers ü! Social drinkers ü! Heavy drinkers

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National Public Opinion Survey

!! A survey instrument will be developed that can be

implemented on a periodic basis, possibly annually

!! Aims are:

§! Gauge public understanding and attitudes towards DADSS systems in all vehicles, §! Assess the public’s reactions to potential technology features to aid the technology development process, and §! Assess their state of knowledge regarding drinking and the relationship to impairment, drinking and driving and legal thresholds, etc.

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Stakeholder Meeting Objectives

!! Increase stakeholder understanding of and potential

support for the integration of DADSS devices into the vehicle fleet

!! Seek input from stakeholders not currently included in

the BRP that could be used to inform the development of technology features and in shaping deployment strategies

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Communicating with the Public

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A website has been launched to provide public information: Content §! A “go to” site to provide project details, §! Answer key questions about technology development and drinking and driving

www.dadss.org

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Summary

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DADSS technologies have been identified, contracts awarded, and prototypes have completed bench and human subjects testing

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Preliminary phase I results indicate there are technologies showing sufficient promise to meet DADSS Performance Specifications with respect to measurement time, accuracy, and precision

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Technology developers have identified the work needed to meet the DADSS requirements (gap analysis)

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A public acceptance research plan has been developed and is underway – the public must be knowledgeable about the system and see its benefit in their vehicles

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Dialogue continues with policy makers and other key stakeholders to ensure their support

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Next Steps

2011 Q1 2011 Q2 2011 Q3 2011 Q4 2010 Q1 2010 Q2 2010 Q3 2010 Q4

RFP Evaluation Awardee Selection Phase I Contract Award Phase II Kick-Off Meeting Begin Research Vehicle Development Phase I Prototype Test Plan Early Assessment Human Subjects Tests Phase I Prototypes Bench Tests Phase II RFP Technology Review Gate Standard Calibration Devices

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Driver Alcohol Detection System for Safety

QUESTIONS? http://www.dadss.org Contact Information

Susan Ferguson sferguson@dadss.org