Drilling, Stimulation, and Reservoir Assessment state of the art & challenges ahead SCHULTE Thomas, GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam HUENGES Ernst, GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam THORHALLSSON Sverrir, ISOR and: Abanes R., Asmundson R., Calore, C., Fokker, P., Hopkirk, R.J., Montanari, D., Monterrosa, M., Muller, J., Nami, P., Portier, S., Rummel, F., Sanjuan, B, Schindler, M., Seiersten, M., Stamatakis, E., Tischner, S., Vuataz, F., Zimmermann, G. ENGINE FINAL CONFERENCE - VILNIUS 12-15 February 2008
GOALS OF R&D ACTIVITIES ECONOMIC VIABILITY RELIABLE TECHNOLOGY Other Energy conversion • Drilling Thermal circuit • Stimulation Planning • Reservoir Stimulation assessment Pump Drilling courtesy S. Frick Vilnius - February 13, 2008
DRILLING STIMULATION RESERVOIR ASSESSMENT, MANAGEMENT & MONITORING SUPERCRITICAL SYSTEMS Vilnius - February 13, 2008
� � � � DRILLING STIMULATION RESERVOIR ASSESSMENT, MANAGEMENT & MONITORING SUPERCRITICAL SYSTEMS Vilnius - February 13, 2008
DRILLING PROCEDURES General Flat spots in drilling curves Drilling contracts with inceased risk sharing System State of the art gaps & needs Gross Singular experiences Standardization Schönebeck Singular experiences Standardization Soultz Standardization mitigate formation Iceland damage Larderello & mitigate formation Standardization Philippines damage Vilnius - February 13, 2008
DRILLED DEPTH VS TIME CURVES Time drilled 0 15 30 45 60 75 90 0 One Rig – one geological system, improvement over 1000 18 months 45% Drilling time reduction Depth 2000 3000 4000 Vilnius - February 13, 2008
DRILLING TOOLS System State of the art gaps & needs Gross Standard HC tools Advanced core drilling Schönebeck Standard HC tools - Soultz Standard HC tools Intelligent tools for Iceland T > 150 °C Standard HC tools Intelligent tools for Larderello & Philippines T > 150 °C Vilnius - February 13, 2008
DRILLING MUD & CIRCULATION TECHNOLOGY System State of the art needs & gaps Gross Bentonite & additives Aerated muds at large Schönebeck diameters and angles Natural salt & bentonite Soultz - Bentonite, water & air Iceland Underbalanced drilling & only aerated muds Larderello & Bentonite & additives - Philippines Vilnius - February 13, 2008
DRILLING COMPLETION General Optimize ratio drilled diameter / flow diameter System State of the art needs & gaps Gross Complete cementation Standardization Schönebeck Soultz Free floating casing Standardization Iceland Standardization & BH - completion, full cementation Larderello & Standardization & BH - Philippines completion, full cementation Vilnius - February 13, 2008
DRILLING - CASING MATERIAL � � � � Reduce lost diameter in the well (small clearance) Vilnius - February 13, 2008
� � � � DRILLING STIMULATION RESERVOIR ASSESSMENT, MANAGEMENT & MONITORING SUPERCRITICAL SYSTEMS Vilnius - February 13, 2008
DRILLING � � � � STIMULATION RESERVOIR ASSESSMENT, MANAGEMENT & MONITORING SUPERCRITICAL SYSTEMS Vilnius - February 13, 2008
STIMULATION System State of the art needs & gaps Gross Hydraul. stimulation & Optimize hydraulic Schönebeck acid stimulation in media with natural permeability Investigate thermal Soultz Hydraul. stimulation & stimulation acid Iceland Investigate / improve Hydraulic stimulation, thermal stimulation thermal frac & acid stimulation - Larderello & Hydraulic stimulation, Philippines thermal frac & acid stimulation Vilnius - February 13, 2008
HYDRAULIC STIMULATION courtesy A. Reinicke courtesy Kwiatek et al. (2008) � � � � Optimize well design and stimulation geometry � � � � Improve stimulation procedures in rocks with natural permeability � � � � Increase monitoring - build a knowledge base � � � � Share experiences and improvements Vilnius - February 13, 2008
CHEMICAL STIMULATION Courtesy: P. Rose � � � � Uncertain rock mineralogy � � � � Multiple types of coexisting formation damage � � � � Address fast reaction kinetics at elevated temperatures � � � � Investigate dissolution of secondary minerals Vilnius - February 13, 2008
STIMULATION THERMAL Courtesy: G. Axelsson & S. Thorhallsson � � � � Investigate potential of thermal fracturing � � � � Applicable to systems with more moderate temperatures? Vilnius - February 13, 2008
DRILLING � � � � STIMULATION RESERVOIR ASSESSMENT, MANAGEMENT & MONITORING SUPERCRITICAL SYSTEMS Vilnius - February 13, 2008
DRILLING STIMULATION � � � � RESERVOIR ASSESSMENT, MANAGEMENT & MONITORING SUPERCRITICAL SYSTEMS Vilnius - February 13, 2008
ASSESS GEOTHERMAL RESERVES Commercial Proven Probable Inferred Recoverable Energy Deliverability of Total Heat in Place Reserves Sub-Commercial Resources Unrecovernable Low High after Clothworthy et al., 2006 Certainty � � � � Work towards a standardized reserves valuation scheme Vilnius - February 13, 2008
RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT The Geysers, annual steam production, water injection and seismicity Geysers Annual Steam Production, Water Injection and Seismicity 1,400 350 Steam production water injection [billion lb] Seismic Events of M>=1.5 1158 Annual number of seismic events 1,200 300 Earthquake Count M>=3.0 Earthquake M>=4.0 Steam Production and Water Injection (billion lbs) Steam Production 1,000 250 Annual Number of Seismic Events Water Injection 800 200 600 150 400 100 200 50 12 from Majer et al., 2007 26 26 0 0 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 � � � � Strategies to sustainably maximize production and mitigate induced seismicity � � � � Better understanding of how geothermal reservoirs change over time � � � � Address issues of multiple users ulitizing the same resource Vilnius - February 13, 2008
MONITORING General Not allways common in Long term stable commercial operations components System State of the art needs & gaps Gross Seismic, geochemical, Multi - parameter Schönebeck thermal, pressure monitoring Soultz Seismic, geochemical, Multi - parameter thermal, pressure monitoring Iceland Seismic, geochemical, Limited Number of thermal, pressure parameters at HT Larderello & Seismic, geochemical, Limited Number of Philippines thermal, pressure parameters at HT Vilnius - February 13, 2008
DRILLING STIMULATION � � � � RESERVOIR ASSESSMENT, MANAGEMENT & MONITORING SUPERCRITICAL SYSTEMS Vilnius - February 13, 2008
DRILLING STIMULATION RESERVOIR ASSESSMENT, MANAGEMENT & MONITORING � � � � SUPERCRITICAL SYSTEMS Vilnius - February 13, 2008
System State of the art needs & gaps Volcanics Singular experiences Cement Drilling muds Tracer Logging tools Monitoring tools Vilnius - February 13, 2008
SUMMARY � TECHNOLOGY TO REDUCE DRILLING COSTS � TECHNOLOGY CONTRIBUTING TO INCREASE PRODUCTION OF A WELL TECHNOLGY WHICH MAKES GEOTHERMAL � PROJECTS TECHNICALLY FEASIBLE , SAFE AND SUSTAINABLE. � TECHNOLOGY NECESSARY FOR SUPERCRITICAL SYSTEMS Vilnius - February 13, 2008
Thank you very much for your attention!
Investigation of Drilling stimulation and reservoir assessment Exploitation, economic, environmental and UGR and EGS social impacts Concept Site exploration Site development Production Abandonment General planning ? and geological screening • conceptual • Site screening • technical If no re-investment • Pilot borehole • Inj./Prod boreholes • Power/Heat production • political and for this site: • Stimulation tests • Intensive stimulation • Maintenance environmental Deconstruction • Production modelling • Production tests • financial • Surface installations Milestones Site Feasibility of Installations and Production selected EGS at site reservoir ready for lifetime reached demonstrated production courtesy T. Kohl Vilnius - February 13, 2008
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