dott ssa mori francesca sodc allergologia azienda
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Dott.ssa Mori Francesca SODc Allergologia Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Anna Meyer Firenze Spergel JM. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2003;112:S118 In utero environmental exposures influence subsequent risk of allergic disease. 1)A variety of


  1. Dott.ssa Mori Francesca SODc Allergologia Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Anna Meyer Firenze

  2. Spergel JM. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2003;112:S118

  3. In utero environmental exposures influence subsequent risk of allergic disease. 1)A variety of intrinsic and extrinsic factors, result in differences in the child’s subsequent risk of allergic disease. 2) These trajectories are already apparent at birth and very early life in, for example, the rate of transepidermal water loss, lung function and immune system differences. 3) The in utero environment can also interact with the epigenome, suggesting epigenetics as a mechanism for the effects of the in utero environment on allergic disease predispositionton (allergic disease risk) at birth. Gabrielle A. Lockett, Johanna Huoman & John W. HollowayDoes allergy begin in utero? Pediatric Allergy and Immunol (2015)

  4. AD prevalence peaks early in infancy, opening the door for consequent development of the atopic march. D e v e l o p m e n t o f F A , asthma, and allergic rhinitis in the young toddler age group is common after cutaneous manifestations. CZARNOWICKI, KRUEGER, AND GUTTMAN-YASSKY; JACI 2017

  5. Eczema: FIRST STEP Prevalenza del 15-30% nei bambini 45% six months 65% 1° year 85% 5 years Spergel JM. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2003;112:S118 . Ohshima Y. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2002;89:265.

  6. Ingo Marenholz et al. Nature Communica5on 2015

  7. Ezema and Atopic Triad The Prevention of Allergy among Children in Trondheim (PACT) Studio longitudinale cross-section 2 anni (4780)con FU a 6 anni (2192) Saunes M et al. BMC Pediatrics 2012

  8. Studio longitudinale prospettico su 5653 bambini svedesi nati nel 2003 Bambini con malattie allergiche durante l’infanzia per esempio wheezing ricorrente, eczema o allergia alimentare hanno un rischio aumentato di malattie allergiche a 8 anni cioè asma rinite allergica eczema o allergia alimentare. Goksor E et al. The allergic march comprises the coexistence of related patterns of allergic disease not just the progressive development of one disease Acta Pædiatrica 2016 105, pp. 1472–147911

  9. 60.7% of allergic children developed eczema first. Of all children with eczema, 86% had it as their first allergic condition, indicating that it is uncommon to develop eczema after asthma or allergic rhinitis. The development of all three conditions, eczema, asthma and allergic rhinitis was unusual occurring in only 2.3% of all children. O nly 4.2%of cases matched the allergic march. Sun HL et al. Coexistence of allergic diseases: patterns and frequencies. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2012.

  10. 1

  11. MICROBIOMA CUTANEO ( S. aureus ) Non IgE-associata IgE-associata BARRIERA SISTEMA DERMATITE ATOPICA CUTANEA IMMUNE GENETICA EPIGENETICA (AMBIENTE)

  12. Loci legati alla DA Geni associati alla DA in almeno uno studio chromosome 1q2116 Barnes. JACI 2010

  13. Egawa G et al. Multifactorial skin barrier deficiency and atopic dermatitis: Essential topics to prevent the atopic march.J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016;138:350-8

  14. Sandilands et al. Nat Gen. 2007

  15. McLean W.H.I. Filaggrin failure-from ichthyosis vulgaris to atopic eczema and beyond. BJD 2016

  16. Ann Dermatol Vol. 22, No. 2, 2010 Atopic Dermatitis Thomas Bieber, M.D., Ph.D

  17. Leung DY, Guttman-Yassky E Deciphering the complexities of atopic dermatitis: shifting paradigms in treatment approaches. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014 Oct;134(4):769-79.

  18. Illi S et al. The natural course of atopic dermatitis from birth to age 7 years and the association with asthma. JACI 2004

  19. MAS=studio osservazionale prospettico di coorte alla nascita 1314 Illi S et al. The natural course of atopic dermatitis from birth to age 7 years and the association with asthma. JACI 2004

  20. FU 7.5 anni: (176; 9-16 mesi) 92/176 scomparsa 84/176 (48%) con DA 15% persistente 32% Intermittente La persistenza della DA è maggiore in quei casi con Scorad più alto Il tempo medio di scomparsa della DA è 3.25 anni con un trend più lungo nelle forme più gravi Ricci et al. Clinical and Molecular Allergy 2010

  21. Illi S et al. The natural course of atopic dermatitis from birth to age 7 years and the association with asthma. JACI 2004

  22. EPAAC=2222 neonati 2000-2003 randomizzati D. J. Hill Confirmation of the association between high levels of immunoglobulin E food sensitization and eczema in infancy: an international study. Clinical and Experimental Allergy. 2007;38:161–168

  23. Ricci et al. Clinical and Molecular Allergy 2010

  24. u Il 70-80% dei pazienti con DA ha un valore di IgE sieriche totali aumentato e delle IgE specifiche per alimenti e inalanti 89/174 (51%) avevano IgE sieriche aumentate alla prima visita 65% di quelli con DA severa 100/176 avevano SPT positivi alla prima visita (84 per alimenti+ 13 per inalanti e 3 alimenti ed inalanti) Il livello di IgE alla prima visita si correlava in modo significativo allo sviluppo di asma sia isolato che con RC (p<0.05) 22.5% di quelli con IgE aumentate sviluppano asma e 10.6% di quelli con IgE normali (p=0.005) u Pazienti con IgE elevate hanno un rischio relativo 2 volte maggiore di asma e 4 volte di asma +rinocongiuntivite rispetto a quelli con IgE normali Ricci et al. Clinical and Molecular Allergy 2010

  25. tutte - A birth cohort of 1456 children SPT at 4 yrs to 981 ( D.Ptero, - dog, cat, alternaria, asma cladospiorium, grass mix, milk, egg, peanut, wheat, cod, soy) + questionnaire DA - 191 SPT + (19.4%) - 14/191 > 3 positive reactions rinite (7%) Arshad SH et al. Pediatrics 2001;108:e33

  26. CZARNOWICKI, KRUEGER, AND GUTTMAN-YASSKY; JACI 2017

  27. La sensibilizzazione verso allergeni attraverso la cute eczematosa Spergel JM. J Clin Invest 1998;15: 101(8);16014-22.

  28. 1903 lattanti 6-12 mesi 1330 fu a 2 anni 1260 indagati con SPT 40 OFC

  29. 66 studi Tsakok T et al. Does atopic dermatitis cause food allergy? A systematic review. JACI 2016

  30. Tsakok T et al. Does atopic dermatitis cause food allergy? A systematic review. JACI 2016

  31. PASTURE STUDY studio di coorte alla nascita che coinvolge bambini di 5 paesi europei: 1038 neonati inclusi Roduit C et al. Phenotypes of Atopic Dermatitis Depending on the Timing of Onset and Progression in Childhood. JAMA Pediatr. 2017 Jul 1;171(7):655-662.

  32. In pazienti (61; 6 mesi-17 anni) con Eczema una c o r re l a z i o n e p o s i t i v a significativa è stata trovata tra l’Allergy Score e la durata di malattia: i bambini con DA di durata più prolungata avevano una sensibilizzazione ad a e r o a l l e r g e n i s i g n i f i c a t i v a m e n t e maggiore De Marchi F et al. Allergy Asthma Proceeding 2015

  33. : Asthma prevalence after 11 years of follow-up in 81 children with atopic eczema at 2 years SPT+ = skin test+ 70% at 2 years 60% SPT- = skin test - at 2 years p<0.0003 50% 40% 29/49 30% 20% 4/28 10% 0% SPT+ SPT- Novembre, Bernardini, Pucci, Vierucci. Allergy 2001

  34. Somanunt S et al. APJAI 2017

  35. Studio longitudinale 375 non sensibilizzati a 18 mesi SPT a 5 anni Almqvist C Clin Exp Allergy 2007;37:1296-1302;

  36. Almqvist C Clin Exp Allergy 2007;37:1296-1302;

  37. • 1314 Children from birth to 13 years of age (MAS) study • Allergen exposure at age 6 months, 18 months and 3-4-5 years • Lung function at 7-10-13 years Early sensitization Current (age<3yrs) sensitization To perennial allergen Illi Lancet 2006;368;763

  38. OR of rhinitis and sensitization for AHR at the age of 7 years • 1314 Children from birth to 13 years of age (MAS) study • SPT, AHR, questionnaire • 4 rhinitis phenotypes: • Allergic Rhinitis • Non Allergic rhinitis • Atopy without rhinitis • Control group Atopy Non allergic without allergic rhinitis rhinitis rhinitis Rochat JACI 2010 until age 5

  39. Bambini in cui è presente la mutazione del gene della filaggrina “Sesso maschile” DA ad insorgenza precoce DA grave DA persistente 1 Bambini in cui coesistono wheezing e rinite allergica Sensibilizzazione precoce Bambini sensibilizzati a uovo Bambini sensibilizzati a acaro

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