Dott.ssa Mori Francesca SODc Allergologia Azienda - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

dott ssa mori francesca sodc allergologia azienda
SMART_READER_LITE
LIVE PREVIEW

Dott.ssa Mori Francesca SODc Allergologia Azienda - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Dott.ssa Mori Francesca SODc Allergologia Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Anna Meyer Firenze Spergel JM. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2003;112:S118 In utero environmental exposures influence subsequent risk of allergic disease. 1)A variety of


slide-1
SLIDE 1

Dott.ssa Mori Francesca SODc Allergologia Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Anna Meyer Firenze

slide-2
SLIDE 2

Spergel JM. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2003;112:S118

slide-3
SLIDE 3

Gabrielle A. Lockett, Johanna Huoman & John W. HollowayDoes allergy begin in utero? Pediatric Allergy and Immunol (2015)

In utero environmental exposures influence subsequent risk of allergic disease. 1)A variety of intrinsic and extrinsic factors, result in differences in the child’s subsequent risk of allergic disease. 2) These trajectories are already apparent at birth and very early life in, for example, the rate of transepidermal water loss, lung function and immune system differences. 3) The in utero environment can also interact with the epigenome, suggesting epigenetics as a mechanism for the effects of the in utero environment on allergic disease predispositionton (allergic disease risk) at birth.

slide-4
SLIDE 4
slide-5
SLIDE 5

AD prevalence peaks early in infancy, opening the door for consequent development of the atopic march. D e v e l o p m e n t o f F A , asthma, and allergic rhinitis in the young toddler age group is common after cutaneous manifestations.

CZARNOWICKI, KRUEGER, AND GUTTMAN-YASSKY; JACI 2017

slide-6
SLIDE 6

Eczema: FIRST STEP

Spergel JM. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2003;112:S118. Ohshima Y. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2002;89:265.

Prevalenza del 15-30% nei bambini 45% six months 65% 1° year 85% 5 years

slide-7
SLIDE 7

Ingo Marenholz et al. Nature Communica5on 2015

slide-8
SLIDE 8

Ezema and Atopic Triad

Saunes M et al. BMC Pediatrics 2012

The Prevention of Allergy among Children in Trondheim (PACT)

Studio longitudinale cross-section 2 anni (4780)con FU a 6 anni (2192)

slide-9
SLIDE 9

Studio longitudinale prospettico su 5653 bambini svedesi nati nel 2003 Bambini con malattie allergiche durante l’infanzia per esempio wheezing ricorrente, eczema o allergia alimentare hanno un rischio aumentato di malattie allergiche a 8 anni cioè asma rinite allergica eczema o allergia alimentare.

Goksor E et al. The allergic march comprises the coexistence of related patterns of allergic disease not just the progressive development of one disease Acta Pædiatrica 2016 105, pp. 1472–147911

slide-10
SLIDE 10

60.7% of allergic children developed eczema first. Of all children with eczema, 86% had it as their first allergic condition, indicating that it is uncommon to develop eczema after asthma or allergic rhinitis. The development of all three conditions, eczema, asthma and allergic rhinitis was unusual occurring in only 2.3% of all children. Only 4.2%of cases matched the allergic march.

Sun HL et al. Coexistence of allergic diseases: patterns and frequencies. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2012.

slide-11
SLIDE 11

1

slide-12
SLIDE 12

BARRIERA CUTANEA SISTEMA IMMUNE GENETICA EPIGENETICA (AMBIENTE) MICROBIOMA CUTANEO (S. aureus) DERMATITE ATOPICA Non IgE-associata IgE-associata

slide-13
SLIDE 13

Geni associati alla DA in almeno uno studio

  • Barnes. JACI 2010

chromosome 1q2116

Loci legati alla DA

slide-14
SLIDE 14

Egawa G et al. Multifactorial skin barrier deficiency and atopic dermatitis: Essential topics to prevent the atopic march.J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016;138:350-8

slide-15
SLIDE 15

Sandilands et al. Nat Gen. 2007

slide-16
SLIDE 16

McLean W.H.I. Filaggrin failure-from ichthyosis vulgaris to atopic eczema and beyond. BJD 2016

slide-17
SLIDE 17

Ann Dermatol Vol. 22, No. 2, 2010 Atopic Dermatitis Thomas Bieber, M.D., Ph.D

slide-18
SLIDE 18

Leung DY, Guttman-Yassky E Deciphering the complexities of atopic dermatitis: shifting paradigms in treatment

  • approaches. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014 Oct;134(4):769-79.
slide-19
SLIDE 19

Illi S et al. The natural course of atopic dermatitis from birth to age 7 years and the association with asthma. JACI 2004

slide-20
SLIDE 20

Illi S et al. The natural course of atopic dermatitis from birth to age 7 years and the association with asthma. JACI 2004 MAS=studio osservazionale prospettico di coorte alla nascita 1314

slide-21
SLIDE 21

Ricci et al. Clinical and Molecular Allergy 2010

FU 7.5 anni: (176; 9-16 mesi) 92/176 scomparsa 84/176 (48%) con DA 15% persistente 32% Intermittente La persistenza della DA è maggiore in quei casi con Scorad più alto Il tempo medio di scomparsa della DA è 3.25 anni con un trend più lungo nelle forme più gravi

slide-22
SLIDE 22

Illi S et al. The natural course of atopic dermatitis from birth to age 7 years and the association with asthma. JACI 2004

slide-23
SLIDE 23
  • D. J. Hill Confirmation of the association between high levels of immunoglobulin E food sensitization and eczema in infancy: an

international study. Clinical and Experimental Allergy. 2007;38:161–168

EPAAC=2222 neonati 2000-2003 randomizzati

slide-24
SLIDE 24

Ricci et al. Clinical and Molecular Allergy 2010

slide-25
SLIDE 25
slide-26
SLIDE 26

u Il 70-80% dei pazienti con DA ha un valore di IgE sieriche totali aumentato e delle IgE specifiche per alimenti e inalanti 89/174 (51%) avevano IgE sieriche aumentate alla prima visita 65% di quelli con DA severa 100/176 avevano SPT positivi alla prima visita (84 per alimenti+ 13 per inalanti e 3 alimenti ed inalanti) Il livello di IgE alla prima visita si correlava in modo significativo allo sviluppo di asma sia isolato che con RC (p<0.05) 22.5% di quelli con IgE aumentate sviluppano asma e 10.6% di quelli con IgE normali (p=0.005) u Pazienti con IgE elevate hanno un rischio relativo 2 volte maggiore di asma e 4 volte di asma +rinocongiuntivite rispetto a quelli con IgE normali

Ricci et al. Clinical and Molecular Allergy 2010

slide-27
SLIDE 27

Arshad SH et al. Pediatrics 2001;108:e33

rinite DA asma tutte

  • A birth cohort of 1456 children
  • SPT at 4 yrs to 981 (D.Ptero,

dog, cat, alternaria, cladospiorium, grass mix, milk, egg, peanut, wheat, cod, soy) + questionnaire

  • 191 SPT + (19.4%)
  • 14/191 > 3 positive reactions

(7%)

slide-28
SLIDE 28

CZARNOWICKI, KRUEGER, AND GUTTMAN-YASSKY; JACI 2017

slide-29
SLIDE 29

La sensibilizzazione verso allergeni attraverso la cute eczematosa

Spergel JM. J Clin Invest 1998;15: 101(8);16014-22.

slide-30
SLIDE 30

1903 lattanti 6-12 mesi 1330 fu a 2 anni 1260 indagati con SPT 40 OFC

slide-31
SLIDE 31

Tsakok T et al. Does atopic dermatitis cause food allergy? A systematic review. JACI 2016 66 studi

slide-32
SLIDE 32

Tsakok T et al. Does atopic dermatitis cause food allergy? A systematic review. JACI 2016

slide-33
SLIDE 33

Roduit C et al. Phenotypes of Atopic Dermatitis Depending on the Timing of Onset and Progression in Childhood. JAMA

  • Pediatr. 2017 Jul 1;171(7):655-662.

PASTURE STUDY studio di coorte alla nascita che coinvolge bambini di 5 paesi europei: 1038 neonati inclusi

slide-34
SLIDE 34

De Marchi F et al. Allergy Asthma Proceeding 2015

In pazienti (61; 6 mesi-17 anni) con Eczema una c o r re l a z i o n e p o s i t i v a significativa è stata trovata tra l’Allergy Score e la durata di malattia: i bambini con DA di durata più prolungata avevano una sensibilizzazione ad a e r o a l l e r g e n i s i g n i f i c a t i v a m e n t e maggiore

slide-35
SLIDE 35

: Asthma prevalence after 11 years of follow-up in 81 children with atopic eczema at 2 years

Novembre, Bernardini, Pucci, Vierucci. Allergy 2001

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%

p<0.0003

SPT+ = skin test+ SPT- = skin test - at 2 years at 2 years

SPT+ SPT- 4/28 29/49

slide-36
SLIDE 36

Somanunt S et al. APJAI 2017

slide-37
SLIDE 37

Almqvist C Clin Exp Allergy 2007;37:1296-1302;

Studio longitudinale 375 non sensibilizzati a 18 mesi SPT a 5 anni

slide-38
SLIDE 38

Almqvist C Clin Exp Allergy 2007;37:1296-1302;

slide-39
SLIDE 39

Illi Lancet 2006;368;763

  • 1314 Children from birth to

13 years of age (MAS) study

  • Allergen exposure at age

6 months, 18 months and 3-4-5 years

  • Lung function at 7-10-13

years

Early sensitization (age<3yrs) Current sensitization

To perennial allergen

slide-40
SLIDE 40
slide-41
SLIDE 41
slide-42
SLIDE 42
slide-43
SLIDE 43

OR of rhinitis and sensitization for AHR at the age of 7 years

Atopy without rhinitis Non allergic rhinitis allergic rhinitis until age 5

  • 1314 Children from birth to

13 years of age (MAS) study

  • SPT, AHR, questionnaire
  • 4 rhinitis phenotypes:
  • Allergic Rhinitis
  • Non Allergic rhinitis
  • Atopy without rhinitis
  • Control group

Rochat JACI 2010

slide-44
SLIDE 44

Bambini in cui è presente la mutazione del gene della filaggrina “Sesso maschile” DA ad insorgenza precoce DA grave DA persistente Bambini in cui coesistono wheezing e rinite allergica Sensibilizzazione precoce Bambini sensibilizzati a uovo Bambini sensibilizzati a acaro

1

slide-45
SLIDE 45