▲ groupe Données Nucléaires pour les Réacteurs (Nuclear Data for Reactors) ▼ 1 Présentation de l’équipe DNR au Master 2 PSA – October 23, 2019
Challenges for nuclear energy today ▲ Economicals : A power plant costs several millions € to build The spent waste processing represent 2 to 6 % of the kWh price. Safety : Proliferation Accident prevention Handling of radioactive waste Sustainability : Aging power plants Limited ressources in nat U Storage of radioactive waste ▼ 2 Présentation de l’équipe DNR au Master 2 PSA – October 23, 2019
Tomorrow’s reactors are already undertsudy ▲ New designs New fuels Benefits: Fast neutrons → Waste transmutation 232 Th → Reduce actinides production 232 Th, 238 U → sur -generator cycles Developpement and risk analysis with numerical simulations ▼ 3 Présentation de l’équipe DNR au Master 2 PSA – October 23rd, 2019
Nuclear Data for Reactors ▲ Advanced Economic constraints fundamental Safety requiremnts physics measurements Simulation capacity ▼ 4 Présentation de l’équipe DNR au Master 2 PSA – October 23, 2019
Nuclear Data for Reactors ▲ ▼ 5 Présentation de l’équipe DNR au Master 2 PSA – October 23, 2019
Nuclear Data for Reactors ▲ (n, xn) : reactions of interest for evaluations Résidu Noyau Change the number of neutrons, their energy and produce new isotopes. Neutron Uncertainties on σ 238 U(n,n') limit the precision of criticity and power calculations. Neutrons émis Few experimental data for isotopes of interest in Noyau Direct composé Pré-équilibre next generation reactors. % of total Incertitude sur k eff dans les GFR 60 σ keff = 1.88 % (NEA/WPEC-26) 50 40 30 20 10 0 E neutron [MeV] ▼ 6 Présentation de l’équipe DNR au Master 2 PSA – October 23, 2019
The team Données Nucléaires pour les Réacteurs @ IPHC ▲ Philippe Dessagne Maëlle Kerveno Greg Henning Francois Claeys (DR) (CR) (CR) (Doctorant) Elise Alloin (artiste in residence) ▼ 7 Présentation de l’équipe DNR au Master 2 PSA – October 23, 2019
Collaborations ▲ Europe pean an programs grams Developpement of experimental setups Link with th NEA, AIEA Complementary measurements Interpretation of results Improvement of models DEN et DAM ▼ 8 Présentation de l’équipe DNR au Master 2 PSA – October 23, 2019
Experimental setup ▲ Electrons accelerated on Uranium target Fission induced neutrons Pulsed beam (800 Hz) E n between eV and 20 MeV Our setup at 30 m Fission chamber to measure the incoming flux. Large Sample ( > 55 mm) Détection of γ rays emitted in (n,xn) reactions by 6 planar HPGe ▼ 9 Présentation de l’équipe DNR au Master 2 PSA – October 23, 2019
Measurement campaigns ▲ 238 U 2005 2005 – 2010 2010 : 235 U 235 235 U 2009 – 2010 2009 2010 : 232 232 Th Th 2009 2009 – 2012 2012 : nat,182 182,183 183,184 184,186 186 W 2011 – 2012 2011 2012 – 2013 13 : 238 238 U 2014 2014 : … nat Zr Zr ▼ 10 Présentation de l’équipe DNR au Master 2 PSA – October 23, 2019
Challenges ahead ▲ Low energy gamma rays are hard to detect because they are converted. (n, x n γ ) gives only a partial picture: we need theory to go back to the total (n, x n) cross section. Many other nuclei of interest, but highly radioactive. ▼ 11 Présentation de l’équipe DNR au Master 2 PSA – October 23, 2019
Converted transition spectroscopy ▲ Conversion electron spectroscopy For higly converted transitions Within European program CHANDA. Topic ic of TIPP PP to come ▼ 12 Présentation de l’équipe DNR au Master 2 PSA – October 23, 2019
From (n,xn gamma) to (n,xn) ▲ (n, x n γ ) gives only a partial picture: we need theory to go back to the total (n, x n) cross section… Need input of nuclear structure, reaction codes. Inferring the (n, x n) cross section requires work, attention to the uncertainties and possible correlations between measurements. Collaboration with theoreticians and evaluators to improve the models. ▼ 13 Présentation de l’équipe DNR au Master 2 PSA – October 23, 2019
Highly radioactive nuclei ▲ Many other nuclei of interest, but highly radioactive. Upgraded the setup a few years ago, and the acquisition in September 2018. 233 U (4500 times more radioactive than 235 U) recorded 2016-2018 239 Pu (29500 times more radioactive than 235 U) : target in preparation. ▼ 14 Présentation de l’équipe DNR au Master 2 PSA – October 23, 2019
Internship and Thesis Subject ▲ Determining the neutron inelastic scattering cross section off 232-thorium from measured (n,xn γ ) cross sections . • Based on the thesis work of E. Party (defended Sept 2019). • From data recorded at JRC-Geel using Grapheme in 2009-2010. • From extracted (n, n’ γ ) cross section, with the help of • Level structure information • Model predictions You will try to deduce the total inelastic scattering (n, n’) cross section • With a special attention to uncertainties. Come me discus uss s wi with h us i in building ding 24 http://www.iphc.cnrs.fr/Offres-de-stage-these.html ▼ 15 Présentation de l’équipe DNR au Master 2 PSA – October 23, 2019
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