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Distributed Systems Introduction Matthias Kovatsch Distributed - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Distributed Systems Introduction Matthias Kovatsch Distributed Systems Group Friday, 24 September 2010 Team Prof. Friedemann Mattern Matthias Kovatsch Wilhelm Kleiminger Iulia Ion Simon Mayer Benedikt Ostermaier Matthias Kovatsch

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Distributed Systems – Introduction

Matthias Kovatsch Distributed Systems Group

Friday, 24 September 2010

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Team

2

  • Prof. Friedemann Mattern

Matthias Kovatsch – ETH Zurich Distributed Systems – Introduction

Simon Mayer Matthias Kovatsch Iulia Ion Wilhelm Kleiminger Benedikt Ostermaier

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SLIDE 3

Web Site

  • http://www.vs.inf.ethz.ch/edu/HS2010/VS/

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Lecture Organization

  • Extended to 8 ECTS credits
  • G: «Vorlesung mit Übung»
  • Part I – F. Mattern
  • Part II – R. Wattenhofer
  • A: «selbständige Arbeit»
  • Graded practical assignments

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OUTLINE

  • General Information
  • Exercise Organization
  • The Android Platform
  • Homework

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Types of Exercises

  • Practical assignments
  • Programming on the Android platform
  • Three detailed assignments
  • Open project
  • Graded!
  • Theoretical exercises
  • Preparation for the exam
  • Two exercise sheets
  • Discussion of the exercises on given dates

(according to progress of the lecture)

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Practical Assignments

  • A1: GUI and hardware
  • 04 Oct 2010 – 14 Oct 2010

(1.5 weeks)

  • A2: Client-server, REST, and Cloud services
  • 15 Oct 2010 – 28 Oct 2010

(2 weeks)

  • A3: Unreliable network and vector clock
  • 29 Oct 2010 – 14 Nov 2010

(2.5 weeks)

  • A4: Open project (with presentation)
  • 15 Nov 2010 – 20 Dec 2010

(5 weeks)

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Practical Assignments

  • Procedure
  • Teams of three
  • Develop on the emulator
  • Test on an actual Android phone
  • One HTC Desire per team
  • Individual documentation of the code
  • Grading
  • Individual submissions (grades) for detailed assignments
  • Team grade for open project

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OUTLINE

  • General Information
  • Exercise Organization
  • The Android Platform
  • Homework

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SLIDE 10

A Little History

  • 09/2003: Android, Inc. founded in Palo Alto
  • 07/2005: Google buys Android, Inc.
  • 11/2007: Open Handset Alliance announced
  • HTC, LG, Samsung, Motorola, …
  • Texas Instruments, Intel, Nvidia, …
  • T-Mobile, Vodafone, Telecom Italia, …
  • 09/2008: T-Mobile’s G1 launches
  • 10/2008: Android goes open source
  • Apache license allows commercial development

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Andy Rubin

Co-Founder, Android

Matthias Kovatsch – ETH Zurich Distributed Systems – Introduction

G1 (HTC Dream)

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Android Alternatives

Android iPhone BlackBerry Windows Mobile Symbian Foundation Palm WebOS Language Java ObjectiveC JavaME/MDS .NET (VB/C#), C++ Symbian C++ JavaScript Kernel Linux Mac OS X RT OS Windows Real-Time OS Linux License Open Closed Closed Closed Open (02/2010) Mixed IDE Eclipse Xcode Eclipse Visual Studio Symbian ADT Eclipse IDE Platform Multiple Mac OS X Multiple Windows Windows Multiple Version 2.2 4.1 6.0 6.5 ^3 (S60: 5th v9.4) 1.4.5 Handsets Multiple Apple RIM Multiple Nokia Palm App Install Open Registration Registration Registration Registration Open Sponsor Google/OHA Apple RIM Microsoft Nokia Palm

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Android Alternatives

Android iPhone BlackBerry Windows Phone 7 MeeGo

(Moblin/Maemo)

bada Language Java ObjectiveC JavaME/MDS .NET (VB/C#), C++ C/C++ C++ Kernel Linux Mac OS X RT OS Windows Linux RT/Linux License Open Closed Closed Closed Open Closed IDE Eclipse Xcode Eclipse Visual Studio QTCreator Eclipse IDE Platform Multiple Mac OS X Multiple Windows Linux Windows Version 2.2 4.1 6.0 «7.0» 1.0.3 1.0 Handsets Multiple Apple RIM Multiple Multiple Samsung App Install Open Registration Registration Registration Open Registration Sponsor Google/OHA Apple RIM Microsoft Intel/Nokia Samsung

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Android Smartphone Market Share (U.S. 13+)

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0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Oct 2009 Dec 2009 Jan 10 Apr 10 Jul 10 41.30% 41.60% 43.00% 41.10% 39.30% 24.80% 25.30% 25.10% 25.10% 23.80% 19.70% 18.00% 15.70% 14.00% 11.80% 2.80% 5.20% 7.10% 12.00% 17.00% 7.80% 6.10% 5.70% 4.90% 4.90% Palm Google Microsoft Apple RIM

Source: www.comScore.com

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Android Key Points

  • Free and open for commercialization
  • Any vendor can improve (e.g., «HTC SenseUI»)
  • Linux-based OS, Java-based Applications
  • Supports robust system and quick development
  • Highly optimized Java VM «Dalvik»
  • All apps are equal!
  • No core OS applications
  • 3rd party apps can exchange any part of system

(dialer, SMS, email)

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Android Versioning

Version API Level Release Name Kernel Release Date Note

1.0 1

  • 2.6.25

Sep 2008 Original G1 Firmware 1.1 2

  • 2.6.25

Feb 2009 G1 Update 1.5 3 Cupcake 2.6.27 30 Apr 2009 More apps, languages, soft-keyboard 1.6 4 Donut 2.6.29 15 Sep 2009 New search, Market, gestures, VPN 2.0 5 Eclair 2.6.29 26 Oct 2009 Exchange, BT2.1, multitouch (e.g., Hero) 2.0.1 6 2.6.29 03 Dec 2009 Bug fixes 2.1 7 Flan? Eclaire 2.6.29 12 Jan 2010 WebKit updates, bug fixes 2.2 8 FroYo 2.6.32 20 May 2010 JIT, RAM support, PUSH, apps to SD 3.0 9 Gingerbread 2.6.35? Q4 2010? WebM video, UI improvements, ...? 3.1 10 Honeycomb ? ? ?

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Android Hardware

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HTC Dream (G1) HTC Desire Samsung i9200 Galaxy S2 Date October 2008 April 2010 Q1 2011 Android Version 1.0 / 1.5 2.1 / 2.2 3 Processor Qualcomm 528 MHz Qualcomm 1 GHz 2 GHz ROM 256 MB 512 MB 4 GB RAM 192 MB 576 MB 1 GB Display Technology TFT-LCD TFT-AMOLED / Super LCD Super AMOLED 2 Display Size 3.2'' (320x480) 3.7'' (480x800) 4.3'' (1280x720) Battery 1150 mAh 1400 mAh ? Bluetooth 2.0 2.1 3.0 Bluetooth Profiles A2DP (Headsets) A2DP, FTP, OPP,... ? WiFi 802.11 b/g 802.11 b/g 802.11 b/g/n Sensors GPS, compass, accelerometer GPS, compass, accel., proximity, ambient light GPS, accel., gyroscope, proximity, ambient light

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Android Hardware

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  • Tablets and more

Barnes&Noble nook Dell Streak Archos 8 1 GHz, 5'' (480x800), b/g 600 MHz, 8'' (800x600), b/g ~600 MHz, 6'' E ink + 3.5'' LCD, b/g Samsung Galaxy Tab P1000 1 GHz, 7'' (1024x600), a/b/g/n

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Android Platform

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Physical Hardware Linux 2.6 Kernel

Hardware Abstraction Layer

Memory Management Process Management Network Stack I/O Display Keypad Touchscreen Power Management Other Drivers WiFi, Bluetooth, Camera, Audio, Telephony, Flash, Sensors

Dalvik Virtual Machine

Android Application A

Dalvik Virtual Machine

Android Application B

Dalvik Virtual Machine

Android Application C

Security

Linux User A Linux User B Linux User C

Source: Conder, Darcey: Android Wireless Application Development, Addison-Wesley (p.24)

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Android Security Model

  • Each application runs as individual Linux user
  • Created upon application installation by Android
  • Per default no access to other apps, data
  • Apps can declare needed access permissions
  • Access to GPS location, Internet, auto-start, ...
  • Multiple apps can share single user ID
  • Allows direct access to each others data
  • Apps needs to declare the same android:sharedUserId
  • All apps need to be signed with the same digital signature
  • All applications include digital signature
  • Generic default signature while developing
  • Needs to be properly signed with your certificate when distributing

(e.g., selling on Market)

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Android Software Stack

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Linux Kernel

Display Driver Camera Driver Bluetooth Driver M-Systems Driver Binder (IPC) Driver USB Driver Keypad Driver WiFi Driver Audio Drivers Power Management

Libraries

SGL OpenGL/ES Surface Manager SSL FreeType Media Framework libc WebKit SQLite

Android Runtime

Dalvik Virtual Machine Core Libraries

Application Framework

Package Manager Activity Manager Telephony Manager Windows Manager Resource Manager Content Providers Location Manager View System XMPP Service Notification Manager

Applications

Home Contacts Phone Browser YOUR APPS...

See also http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QBGfUs9mQYY&feature=user

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Android Key Terms

  • Activity
  • «Logical unit of user action» (cf., window of PC application)
  • Typically a single screen with multiple Views
  • Also UI-less (Service)
  • View
  • Hierarchical UI element
  • Combine in View Groups
  • Service
  • Faceless task (Activity) that runs in background (e.g., music player)

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Android Key Terms

  • Intent
  • Launches activities or couples multiple Activities
  • Passive data structure
  • Also describes operation to be performed
  • Explicit by calling the exact class
  • Implicit by using «Intent filters» to find matching components
  • BroadcastReceiver
  • Responds to broadcast announcements

(e.g., «headset plugged in» Intent by system)

  • Can wake up your application or start an Activity
  • Or just notify user

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Android Key Terms

  • ContentProvider
  • Enables application to share data

(e.g., to offer contacts to other apps)

  • Can use file system, SQLite, or «any way you want»
  • Other apps use a ContentResolver to access the data
  • See also
  • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QBGfUs9mQYY&feature=user
  • http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/fundamentals.html

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Program Lifecycle

  • Android multi-tasking
  • OS tries to maintain application

process as long as possible

  • If short on memory, low priority

processes may be killed

  • Activity States
  • Running
  • Paused
  • Stopped
  • Finished/killed

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Triggered Methods I

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Source: http://stuffthathappens.com/blog/2008/11/05/android-activity-lifecycle-updated/

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Triggered Methods II

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Source: http://stuffthathappens.com/blog/2008/11/26/android-lifecycle-triggers-part-2/

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Online Resources

  • Android developers: developer.android.com
  • The Guide (Intro): /guide/index.html
  • Resources (Tutorials): /resources/index.html
  • Videos: /videos/index.html
  • Android blogs
  • http://android-developers.blogspot.com
  • http://www.androidguys.com/
  • …
  • Google

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OUTLINE

  • General Information
  • Exercise Organization
  • The Android Platform
  • Homework

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Teams

  • Form teams of 3 students each
  • Vote a representative
  • Send representative to collect the HTC Desire
  • Monday

2 pm – 4 pm CNB H 107.2

  • Tuesday

2 pm – 4 pm CNB H 108

  • Wednesday

11am – 1 pm CNB H 108

  • Thursday

2 pm – 4 pm CNB H 103.1

  • Friday

2 pm – 4 pm CNB H 108

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HTC Desire

  • Check package for completeness
  • Charge the battery first
  • Configure Wi-Fi access
  • «Settings > Wireless & networks > Wi-Fi settings»
  • Update to Android 2.2
  • «Settings > About Phone > System software updates > Check now»
  • Enable debugging
  • «Settings > Applications > Development > USB debugging»
  • Get familiar with the device

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Toolchain Installation

  • Java SE JDK 6
  • http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/index.html
  • Android SDK
  • http://developer.android.com/sdk/index.html
  • Extract to your disk somewhere
  • Eclipse 3.5 «Galileo» (e.g. IDE for Java Developers)
  • http://www.eclipse.org/downloads/
  • Add ADT Plugin («Help > Install New Software»)
  • Software Site https://dl-ssl.google.com/android/eclipse/
  • Set up SDK location («Window > Preferences > Android»)
  • Install API8 packages («Window > Android SDK and AVD Manager»)

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Windows

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  • ADB driver

2 3 4 5 6 7 1

See also http://developer.android.com/sdk/win-usb.html

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Ubuntu Linux

  • USB Configuration Rules
  • Log in as root
  • Create file /etc/udev/rules.d/51-android.rules
  • For Gusty/Hardy insert
  • For Dapper insert
  • Change permissions

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SUBSYSTEM=="usb", SYSFS{idVendor}=="0bb4", MODE="0666" SUBSYSTEM=="usb_device",SYSFS{idVendor}=="0bb4",MODE="0666" chmod a+r /etc/udev/rules.d/51-android.rules

See also http://developer.android.com/guide/developing/device.html

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Mac OS X

  • 10.6.x only includes Java 6 (both 32- & 64-bit version)
  • 64-bit version is used by default
  • May cause problems with Eclipse ADT
  • Solution: Make 32-bit version default
  • Run Java Settings application
  • Bring 32-bit Java 6 to the top of the list for «Java Programs»

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Computer Labs

  • Windows
  • Drivers, Eclipse, and ADT Plugin are installed
  • Download and extract Android SDK to your home directory
  • Set up SDK location in Eclipse
  • Install API8 packages
  • Linux
  • USB configuration already done
  • Download and extract Android SDK to your home directory (or /local/)
  • Red Hat tool ignores empty folders  recreate «platforms» and «add-ons» folders
  • Update Eclipse («Help > Install New Software»)
  • Software Site http://download.eclipse.org/eclipse/updates/3.5
  • Install ADT Plugin
  • Set up SDK location
  • Install API8 packages

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Test Toolchain

  • Can create an Android project?
  • A sample project compiles?
  • Driver for HTC Desire working?
  • Sample application is installed correctly?
  • Create a virtual device and run the emulator!

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OUTLINE

  • General Information
  • Exercise Organization
  • The Android Platform
  • Homework

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Next Android Lesson

  • Monday, 04 October 2010
  • Programming introduction
  • Live hacking
  • First assignment
  • Install the toolchain until then!

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QUESTIONS?

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