Distributed Storage Networks and Computer Forensics 1. - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Distributed Storage Networks and Computer Forensics 1. - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Distributed Storage Networks and Computer Forensics 1. Organization & Overview Christian Schindelhauer Amir Alsbih University of Freiburg Technical Faculty Computer Networks and Telematics Winter Semester 2011/12 Organization


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University of Freiburg Technical Faculty Computer Networks and Telematics Winter Semester 2011/12

Distributed Storage Networks and Computer Forensics

  • 1. Organization & Overview

Christian Schindelhauer Amir Alsbih

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Distributed Storage Networks and Computer Forensics Winter 2011/12 Computer Networks and Telematics University of Freiburg Christian Schindelhauer

Organization

  • Lecture
  • Monday 12:15-13:00, 101/SR 00-010/14
  • Thursday, 11:15 - 13:00, 101/SR 00-010/14
  • Exercise (Christian Ortolf)
  • starts Oct 31, 2011
  • Monday 13:00-14:00, 101/SR 00-010/14
  • appear Tuesday on the web-pages
  • are the bases for the oral exam
  • solutions of the exercises are discussed in the following week

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Distributed Storage Networks and Computer Forensics Winter 2011/12 Computer Networks and Telematics University of Freiburg Christian Schindelhauer

Web

  • Web page
  • http://cone.informatik.uni-freiburg.de/cone_teach/

cone_teach_current/dsacfws11

  • Slides, exercises, videos, link to forum
  • Forum
  • for discussion, links, funnies etc.
  • http://archive.cone.informatik.uni-freiburg.de/forum3/

viewforum.php?f=6

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Distributed Storage Networks and Computer Forensics Winter 2011/12 Computer Networks and Telematics University of Freiburg Christian Schindelhauer

Exam

  • Oral exam
  • based on the lecture and the exercises
  • closed book exam
  • selected exercises solutions may be used
  • Mandatory registration using HIS
  • Questions in the exam from the lecture and the

exercises

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Distributed Storage Networks and Computer Forensics Winter 2011/12 Computer Networks and Telematics University of Freiburg Christian Schindelhauer

Overview

  • Basic Storage Technology
  • Hard disks
  • Flash memory, solid state disks
  • Storage device design
  • File systems
  • Classic file systems
  • Network and distributed file

systems

  • Storage organization
  • SAN, NAS, FAN
  • Storage hierarchies, Tiers
  • Redundancy
  • RAID levels
  • Coding techniques
  • Distributed Storage
  • Peer-to-peer network storage
  • e.g. Oceanstore
  • Computer Forensics
  • Foundations
  • Methods
  • Collecting evidence
  • Windows forensics
  • Linux forensics

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Distributed Storage Networks and Computer Forensics Winter 2011/12 Computer Networks and Telematics University of Freiburg Christian Schindelhauer

Motivation Evolution of Disks

Algorithms and Methods for Distributed Storage Networks

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Distributed Storage Networks and Computer Forensics Winter 2011/12 Computer Networks and Telematics University of Freiburg Christian Schindelhauer

Storage Prices 2006

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Flash vs. hard drives: The battle intensifies Tom Coughlin, Jim Handy, Solid State Technology 2010

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Distributed Storage Networks and Computer Forensics Winter 2011/12 Computer Networks and Telematics University of Freiburg Christian Schindelhauer

Price Fall of RAM and Disk Storage

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Flash vs. hard drives: The battle intensifies Tom Coughlin,Jim Handy, Solid State Technology 2010

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Figure 1 Hard disk drive areal density trend

AFC=ANTIFERROMAGNETICALLY COUPLED GMR=GIANT MAGNETORESISTIVE RANGE OF POSSIBLE VALUES AREAL DENSITY MEGABITS/SQUARE INCH 105 104 103 102 10 1 10–1 10–2 10–3 106 1970 1960 1980 1990 2000 2010 PRODUCTION YEAR IBM RAMAC™ (FIRST HARD DISK DRIVE) ~35 MILLION X INCREASE 1st THIN FILM HEAD 25% CGR 60% CGR 100% CGR 1st MR HEAD 1st GMR HEAD 1st AFC MEDIA IBM DISK DRIVE PRODUCTS INDUSTRY LAB DEMOS

Distributed Storage Networks and Computer Forensics Winter 2011/12 Computer Networks and Telematics University of Freiburg Christian Schindelhauer

Increase of Density

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Technological impact of magnetic hard disk drives on storage systems, Grochowski, R. D. Halem IBM SYSTEMS JOURNAL, VOL 42, NO 2, 2003

Flash vs. hard drives: The battle intensifies Tom Coughlin,Jim Handy, Solid State Technology 2010

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Figure 2 Storage floor space utilization trend — IBM storage systems

RAW CAPACITY PER FLOOR SPACE AREA, GBYTES/SQUARE FOOT 103 102 101 100 10–1 10–2 10–3 10–4 104 1970 1960 1980 1990 2000 2010 PRODUCTION YEAR IBM RAMAC (FIRST HARD DISK DRIVE) ESS MOD F 3380 RAMAC 2 IBM ESS MOD 800 25% CGR 60% CGR RANGE OF POSSIBLE VALUES ESS=IBM TOTALSTORAGE™ ENTERPRISE STORAGE SERVER™

Distributed Storage Networks and Computer Forensics Winter 2011/12 Computer Networks and Telematics University of Freiburg Christian Schindelhauer

Increase of Density (Floor Space)

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Technological impact of magnetic hard disk drives on storage systems, Grochowski, R. D. Halem IBM SYSTEMS JOURNAL, VOL 42, NO 2, 2003

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Distributed Storage Networks and Computer Forensics Winter 2011/12 Computer Networks and Telematics University of Freiburg Christian Schindelhauer

Evolution of Disk Form Factors

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Technological impact of magnetic hard disk drives on storage systems, Grochowski, R. D. Halem IBM SYSTEMS JOURNAL, VOL 42, NO 2, 2003

24-INCH FORM FACTOR 5 MB (NOT SHOWN) 10.8-INCH FORM FACTOR 5.7 GB 14-INCH FORM FACTOR 3.8 GB 1.0-INCH FORM FACTOR 1 GB 8-INCH FORM FACTOR 65 MB 2.5-INCH FORM FACTOR 60 GB 3.25-INCH FORM FACTOR 84-MM DISKS/10000 RPM 146 GB 70-MM DISKS/15000 RPM 36 GB 3.25-INCH FORM FACTOR 120 GB

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Distributed Storage Networks and Computer Forensics Winter 2011/12 Computer Networks and Telematics University of Freiburg Christian Schindelhauer

Increase of Speed

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Technological impact of magnetic hard disk drives on storage systems, Grochowski, R. D. Halem IBM SYSTEMS JOURNAL, VOL 42, NO 2, 2003

TIME, MILLISECONDS 10 1 100 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 AVAILABILITY YEAR SEEKING ACCESSING ULTRASTAR XP ULTRASTAR 2XP ULTRASTAR 18XP ULTRASTAR 9ZX ULTRASTAR 36XP ULTRASTAR 18ZX ULTRASTAR 36ZX ULTRASTAR 73LZX ULTRASTAR 36LZX ULTRASTAR 36Z15 SEEK TIME ~ (ACTUATOR INERTIALPOWER)1/3 x (DATA BAND)2/3 ROTATIONAL TIME (LATENCY) ~ (RPM)-1 ACCESS TIME = SEEK TIME + LATENCY ~ ~

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Distributed Storage Networks and Computer Forensics Winter 2011/12 Computer Networks and Telematics University of Freiburg Christian Schindelhauer

Motivation Consumer Behavior

Algorithms and Methods for Distributed Storage Networks

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Distributed Storage Networks and Computer Forensics Winter 2011/12 Computer Networks and Telematics University of Freiburg Christian Schindelhauer

Consumer Usage

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Distributed Storage Networks and Computer Forensics Winter 2011/12 Computer Networks and Telematics University of Freiburg Christian Schindelhauer

Content Size

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Distributed Storage Networks and Computer Forensics Winter 2011/12 Computer Networks and Telematics University of Freiburg Christian Schindelhauer

Storage Hierarchy

  • Primary storage
  • Processors registers
  • Processor cache
  • RAM
  • Secondary storage
  • Hard disks
  • Solid state disks
  • CD, DVD
  • Tertiary storage
  • tape libraries
  • optical jukeboxes

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Distributed Storage Networks and Computer Forensics Winter 2011/12 Computer Networks and Telematics University of Freiburg Christian Schindelhauer

Characteristics of Storage

  • Volatile — non-volatile memory
  • non-volatile: dynamic or static
  • Read & write — Read only — Slow write, fast

read

  • Random access – Sequential access
  • Addressability
  • location addressable
  • file addressable
  • content addressable
  • Capacity
  • Performance
  • Latency
  • Throughput

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Distributed Storage Networks and Computer Forensics Winter 2011/12 Computer Networks and Telematics University of Freiburg Christian Schindelhauer

Non-volatile Storage Technologies

  • Punch cards (Hollerith) 1886-1950s
  • Magnetic tape data storage 1951-today
  • Hard disk drive 1956-today
  • Floppy disks 1970s-1990s
  • EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable

Read-Only Memory) 1980-today

  • Flash memory
  • Optical disc drive (read/write) 1997-today

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Distributed Storage Networks and Computer Forensics Winter 2011/12 Computer Networks and Telematics University of Freiburg Christian Schindelhauer

Network Storage Types

  • Direct attached storage (DAS)
  • traditional storage
  • Network attached storage (NAS)
  • storage attached to another computer accessible at file level
  • ver LAN or WAN
  • Storage area network (SAN)
  • specialized network providing other computers with storage

capacity with access on block-addressing level

  • File area network (FAN)
  • systematic approach to organize file-related storage systems
  • rganization wide high-level storage network

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University of Freiburg Technical Faculty Computer Networks and Telematics Winter Semester 2011/12

Distributed Storage Networks and Computer Forensics

  • 1. Organization & Overview

Christian Schindelhauer Amir Alsbih