different atom IV. Atoms are made up of 3 different particles called - - PDF document

Atoms & Periodic Table Notes Presentation.notebook 1

May 21­8:27 AM

Chapter 1:

Atomic Structure and the

Periodic Table

May 21­8:28 AM

Review from Matter and Energy Textbook:

• 1. All matter is made of tiny particles

called ___________________.

• 2. ______________________ are the

simplest form of a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by

• rdinary chemical means.

Atoms & Periodic Table Notes Presentation.notebook 2

May 21­8:28 AM

Review from Matter and Energy Textbook:

• 1. All matter is made of tiny particles

called ATOMS.

• 2. ELEMENTS are the simplest form of

a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary chemical means.

May 21­8:30 AM

Atoms are the Smallest Form of Elements

All matter is made of atoms…….

Atoms & Periodic Table Notes Presentation.notebook 3

May 21­8:31 AM

I.

All matter is made up of ATOMS of about 100

ELEMENTS or basic substances.

a.HYDROGEN is the most abundant element in the universe, while OXYGEN is the most abundant element in the earth’s crust.

• II. Every ELEMENT had a unique NAME and SYMBOL.

May 22­11:45 AM

• III. Atoms are made up of 3 subatomic particles:

protons, neutrons and electrons.

Atoms & Periodic Table Notes Presentation.notebook 4

May 21­8:47 AM

Each element is made of a

different atom……

• IV. Atoms are made up of 3 different particles called

SUBATOMIC PARTICLES

• V. Atoms are mostly made of EMPTY SPACE and a

dense center called the NUCLEUS.

May 21­8:47 AM

NUCLEUS: is the where the MASS of

an atom is located

Atomic Mass= PROTONS+NEUTRONS

Atoms & Periodic Table Notes Presentation.notebook 5

May 21­8:48 AM

• a. NEUTRONS: have NO charge and can be found

in the NUCLEUS of an atom

• i. Have a mass of 1 amu ﴾atomic mass unit﴿
• ii. # of neutrons = MASS ­ PROTONS.
• iii. Neutrons are made up of even tinier

particles called QUARKS.

May 21­8:50 AM

• b. PROTONS: have a POSITIVE charge and can be found

in the NUCLEUS of an atom

• i. Have a mass of 1 amu ﴾atomic mass unit﴿
• ii. ATOMIC NUMBER= the number of protons

that can be found in the NUCLEUS of an atom.

• iii. Protons are made up of even tinier particles

called QUARKS.

Atoms & Periodic Table Notes Presentation.notebook 6

May 21­8:52 AM

Surrounding the Nucleus ﴾empty space﴿

• c. ELECTRONS: have a NEGATIVE charge and can

be found in a CLOUD flying around the nucleus in

ENERGY LEVELS, ORBITALS, and shells.

• i. Electrons are very very very TINY; and have

very little MASS. Therefore their mass is not taken into consideration when

determining an atom’s mass.

• 1. Mass = protons + neutrons
• ii. VALENCE electrons are located in the

atom’s outermost energy level. There can only be a maximum number of 8.

May 21­8:54 AM

• IV. BOHR MODEL DRAWINGS OF ATOMS:

Instructions: draw the models of the atom and label the

nucleus

+ = protons n = neutrons e­ = electrons

Atoms & Periodic Table Notes Presentation.notebook 7

May 21­8:54 AM

• IV. BOHR MODEL DRAWINGS OF ATOMS:

Instructions: draw the models of the atom and label the

nucleus

+ = protons n = neutrons e­ = electrons

May 21­8:54 AM

• IV. BOHR MODEL DRAWINGS OF ATOMS:

Instructions: draw the models of the atom and label the

nucleus

+ = protons n = neutrons e­ = electrons

Atoms & Periodic Table Notes Presentation.notebook 8

May 21­8:58 AM

Ions and Isotopes……

May 21­8:58 AM

• VII. ISOTOPES: the same type of atom ﴾element﴿; they have

the same number of PROTONS, but a different number

• f NEUTRONS.

ISOTOPES......

Atoms & Periodic Table Notes Presentation.notebook 9

May 21­8:59 AM

• a. Because the number of NEUTRONS is different, the

atoms have the a different MASS.

• b. Examples:CARBON­12, CARBON­14, CARBON­16,

are all the same type of atom ﴾carbon﴿. They just have different mass numbers ﴾10, 12, and 14﴿. Because they are all carbon atoms, they must have 6 protons each.

ISOTOPES......

May 21­9:02 AM

IONS......

• VIII. IONS: the same type of atom ﴾element﴿; they have

the same number of PROTONS, but a different number of ELECTRONS.

Atoms & Periodic Table Notes Presentation.notebook 10

May 21­9:02 AM

IONS......

• a. Ions have a POSITIVE ﴾+﴿ or NEGATIVE ﴾­﴿ charge:
• i. Due to the fact that electrons have a NEGATIVE

charge, and protons have a POSITIVE charge, when their numbers are EQUAL, the atom is neutral.

When the number of ELECTRONS and PROTONS are not equal the atom is CHARGE.

May 21­9:02 AM

IONS......

b.When atoms LOSE e­ the atoms are POSITIVELY

charged

• c. When atoms GAIN e­ the atoms are NEGATIVELY

charged

Atoms & Periodic Table Notes Presentation.notebook 11

May 21­9:07 AM

• d. Examples:
• i. Mg+2 is a magnesium atom with a ___________ charge,

which means it has ____________electrons.

• 1. How many? ____________
• ii. O­2 is a oxygen atom with a ______________charge,

which means it has _____________electrons. 1.How many? ___________

IONS.....

May 21­9:10 AM

• iii. Na+ is a sodium atom with a ___________ charge,

which means it has _____________electrons.

• 1. How many? ___________
• iv. Cl­ is a chlorine atom with a _______________

charge, which means it has ___________electrons.

• 1. How many? ___________

IONS....

Atoms & Periodic Table Notes Presentation.notebook 12

May 21­9:12 AM

Review of 1.1

• 1. An ATOM is the smallest particle of matter.
• 2. Atoms are made up of 3 subatomic particles: PROTONS and NEURTONS

in the NUCLEUS of the atom and the ELECTRONS that fly around the

nucleus.

• 3. The NUCLEUS is the dense center of the atom containing an atom’s protons

and neutrons and makes up the atom’s MASS.

• 4. At atom is made up of mostly EMPTY SPACE.
• 5. Oxygen­16 and Oxygen­18 are ISOTOPES because they contain the same

number of protons but have a different number of neutrons and therefore a different mass.

• 6. Li+ is a lithium ION because it has a positive CHARGE due to the fact that

the lithium atom has LOST electrons.

7.H+ a hydrogen atom with a POSITIVE charge, which means it has LOST

electrons.

• 1. How many? 1

May 21­9:14 AM

• 8. Draw a Bohr diagram of a boron atom.

Atoms & Periodic Table Notes Presentation.notebook 13

May 21­9:14 AM

Elements Make up the Periodic Table

May 21­9:28 AM

Elements are organized by similarities

• I. Scientists believe they could organize elements

﴾different types of atoms﴿ into a chart by their similar properties

n

Atoms & Periodic Table Notes Presentation.notebook 14

May 21­9:29 AM

• a. Dmitri Mendeleev organized the chart by ATOMIC
• MASS. This placed the elements with similar properties

into the same row.

May 21­9:29 AM

• b. Today this chart is organized by increasing

ATOMIC NUMBER, which is the number of

protons in the element.

Atoms & Periodic Table Notes Presentation.notebook 15

May 21­9:30 AM

• c. We call this chart the

PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS.

May 21­12:34 PM

The Periodic Table organizes the atoms of the elements by properties and atomic number

Atoms & Periodic Table Notes Presentation.notebook 16

May 21­12:36 PM

• II. The modern periodic table is organized by increasing

ATOMIC NUMBER

n May 21­12:36 PM

• III. The periodic table tells the following information about

each type of atom on the table:

• a. Chemical Symbol
• b. Atomic Number: NUMBER OF PROTONS

IN NUCLEUS.

• c. Average Atomic Mass: NUMBER OF

PROTONS AND NEUTRONS

• d. Oxidation number: Tells if electrons have been

lost﴾+﴿ or gained ﴾­﴿

Atoms & Periodic Table Notes Presentation.notebook 17

May 21­12:39 PM

• IV. The periodic table is arranged into ROWS called

PERIODS and COLUMNS called FAMILIES or GROUPS.

May 21­12:40 PM

• a. A GROUP is a column of ELEMENTS. The

elements in a group have similar PROPERTIES.

Atoms & Periodic Table Notes Presentation.notebook 18

May 21­12:40 PM

• b. A PERIOD is a row of ELEMENTS. These elements

have chemical properties that tend to change the same way across the table. Properties like atomic size ﴾radii﴿ and density.

May 21­12:41 PM

• V. Thing to Remember: don’t forget
• a. Mass = PROTONS + NEUTRONS
• b. Neutrons = MASS ­ PROTONS
• c. # of Electrons = # of PROTONS in a

stable atom.

C

MASS Oxidation #

PROTONS

Atoms & Periodic Table Notes Presentation.notebook 19

May 21­12:42 PM

Reading Symbols......... Mass:_____ + ____ = ____ Protons: Electrons: Neutrons:___ ­ ___ = ____

C

12

C

MASS Oxidation #

PROTONS

May 21­12:42 PM

Reading Symbols......... Mass:_____ + ____ = ____ Protons: Electrons: Neutrons:___ ­ ___ = ____

O

16

C

MASS Oxidation #

PROTONS

Atoms & Periodic Table Notes Presentation.notebook 20

May 21­1:16 PM

Symbol

NAME

Mass Protons Neutrons Electrons

11B 7Li 4He

Be 5 10 10 25 13

May 21­1:22 PM

Review of 1.2

• 1. Atoms on the periodic table are organized by similar _________________.
• 2. The modern periodic table is organized by increasing __________________.
• 3. Columns on the periodic table are called _____________or ______________.
• 4. Rows on the periodic table are called ____________________.
• 5. The atomic number is the number of _________________in an atom.
• 6. The mass number is the number of ____________and ______________.

Atoms & Periodic Table Notes Presentation.notebook 21

May 21­1:22 PM

Review of 1.2

• 1. Atoms on the periodic table are organized by similar PROPERTIES.
• 2. The modern periodic table is organized by increasing ATOMIC #.
• 3. Columns on the periodic table are called GROUPS or FAMILIES_.
• 4. Rows on the periodic table are called PERIODS.
• 5. The atomic number is the number of PROTONS in an atom.
• 6. The mass number is the number of PROTONS and NEUTRONS.

May 21­1:24 PM

• 7. Complete the chart below:

Atoms & Periodic Table Notes Presentation.notebook 22

Feb 14­8:18 AM Feb 14­8:16 AM

Please connect a SMART Document Camera SMART Document Camera

Atoms & Periodic Table Notes Presentation.notebook 23

May 21­1:25 PM

The Periodic Table is a Map of the Elements

Jun 1­7:37 AM

Warm Up JUNE 1st!!!!!

• 1. Are Carbon-10 (10C) and Carbon 12 (12C)

Ions or isotopes? EXPLAIN how you know.

• 2. Is Li+ an ion? Explain how you know.
• 3. How many protons electrons and neutrons

are in one atom of 88Sr.

• 4. What are the rows of the periodic table

called? What are the columns called?

Atoms & Periodic Table Notes Presentation.notebook 24

May 21­1:26 PM

The periodic table has distinct regions

I.

An atom’s position on the periodic table reveals something about how REACTIVE and element is.

• a. REACTIVITY: likely to undergo change
• b. Groups 1 and 17 are the mostREACTIVE.
• i. Group 1 is called the alkali metals, Group 17 is

called the halogens

• c. Group 18 is the least REACTIVE. The atoms in

group 18 are often referred to as the NOBLE

﴾inert﴿ GASSES.

May 21­1:28 PM

• II. METALS are located on the LEFT side of the periodic

table, while NONMETALS are located on the RIGHT

sideof the periodic table. The METALLIODS surround

the ZIG ZAG LINE

The periodic table has distinct regions

Atoms & Periodic Table Notes Presentation.notebook 25

May 21­1:30 PM

Most elements are metals

May 21­1:31 PM

• I. Properties of Metals:
• a. SHINY HAVE LUSTER
• b. GOOD CONDUCTORS
• c. Malleable: CAN BE SHAPED AND BEND

EASILY

• d. Ductile: CAN BE PULLED INTO WIRES
• e. Metals tend to LOSE electrons

Atoms & Periodic Table Notes Presentation.notebook 26

May 21­1:33 PM

• II. Metals are located on the LEFT side of

the periodic table.

May 21­1:34 PM

• III. ALKALI metals are on the LEFT

side of the periodic table, located in group 1 and are the most REACTIVE

metals.

Atoms & Periodic Table Notes Presentation.notebook 27

May 21­1:35 PM

• IV. ALKALI EARTH metals are on the

LEFT side of the periodic table, located in

group 2 and are also very reactive.

May 21­1:36 PM

• V. TRANSITION metals are near the center
• f the periodic table and include: COPPER,

GOLD, SILVER, IRON The 2 bottom

rows are separated out to the bottom of the

chart to save space.

Atoms & Periodic Table Notes Presentation.notebook 28

May 21­1:37 PM

Non­metals and metalloids have a wide range of properties

May 21­1:37 PM

• I. Properties of Non­Metals:
• a. NOT SHINEY, DULL
• b. Poor Conductors
• c. BRITTLE
• i. Not Malleable: CAN’T SHAPE OR BEND
• iii. Not Ductile: CAN’T PULL INTO WIRES
• d. Non­Metals tend to GAIN electrons

Atoms & Periodic Table Notes Presentation.notebook 29

May 21­1:40 PM

• II. Nonmetals are located on the RIGHT

side of the periodic table.

May 21­1:41 PM

• III. The HALLOGENS are located in group17, on the

RIGHT side of the periodic table and are the most REACTIVE non­metals.

• a. List the elements that make up the halogen

family:

________________________________________________

Atoms & Periodic Table Notes Presentation.notebook 30

May 21­1:42 PM

• IV. The NOBEL GASES are located in group 18, on the

RIGHT side of the periodic table and they are the most NON­REACTIVE elements on the periodic table

because they have 8 VALENCE ELECTRONS

May 21­1:43 PM

• V. METALLOIDS are located between the metals and non­

metals and they surround the ZIG ZAG LINE

• a. They have characteristics of both metals and non­

metals.

• b. An important use of a metalloid is as a SEMI­

CONDUCTOR for electric devices.

• c. ﴾B﴿ Boron, ﴾Si﴿ Silicon, ﴾Ge﴿ Germanium, ﴾As﴿

Arsenic, ﴾Sb﴿ Antimony, ﴾Te﴿ Tellurium, ﴾At﴿ Astatine

Atoms & Periodic Table Notes Presentation.notebook 31

May 21­1:46 PM

Some atoms can change their identity

May 21­1:46 PM

• a. The atomic NUCLEUS is held together by

forces. Sometimes there are too many or too few NEUTRONS in the nucleus and the forces holding the nucleus together cannot hold it properly. To keep STABLE, the nucleus will eject ﴾remove﴿ particles from the nucleus. This is referred to as RADIOACTIVITY.

Atoms & Periodic Table Notes Presentation.notebook 32

May 21­2:04 PM

• b. RADIO ACTIVITY is the process by

which atoms produce energy and particles.

May 21­2:04 PM

• c. The nucleus emits particles called: ALPHA,

BETA, POSITRON, and GAMMA ﴾not a

particle just energy﴿

Atoms & Periodic Table Notes Presentation.notebook 33

May 21­2:05 PM May 21­2:05 PM

• II. Radioactive elements are often used in hospitals to treat

and diagnose people. Some forms of radiation are used to destroy harmful TUMORS. A patient can also be injected with a radioactive isotope monitor organs in the

• body. Even though radiation can be useful, in large

doses it can be DANGEROUS to living cells and kill cells, burn skin. Radiation exposure has also been linked

to CANCER and other health problems.

Atoms & Periodic Table Notes Presentation.notebook 34

May 21­2:07 PM

• III. RADIOACTIVE DECAY: When an atom is

radioactive the number of PROTONS in the nucleus can change and change the identity of the atom ﴾becomes a new element﴿. Over time, all of atoms of a

RADIOACTIVE isotope will change into atoms of

another element. This change occurs at a steady rate.

May 21­2:08 PM

RADIOACTIVE DECAY......

• a. HALF LIFE is the amount of time it

takes for one half of the nuclei of a

RADIOACTIVE isotope to decay.

Atoms & Periodic Table Notes Presentation.notebook 35

May 21­2:09 PM May 21­2:10 PM

Atoms & Periodic Table Notes Presentation.notebook 36

May 21­2:10 PM May 21­2:11 PM

Atoms & Periodic Table Notes Presentation.notebook 37

Jun 4­7:42 AM

Home Work: Final Exam Review Week FINAL EXAM: Wednesday afternoon Mon: pk pg 36-39 no extended response Tues: Matter and Energy Chapter 1 question packet Wed: Matter and Energy Chapter 2 question packet Thursday: Matter and Energy Chapter 3 question packet Friday: Matter and Energy Chapter 4 question packet

Jun 4­7:38 AM

Warm up: June 4th , 2012

• 1. Describe the charge and location of

protons, electrons and neutrons.

• 2. How many protons, neutrons, and

electrons, does an atom of 16O have?

• 3. Draw the Bohr model diagram of 16O.
• 4. Compare and contrast metals and

nonmetals and metalloids. Include their location on the periodic table.

Atoms & Periodic Table Notes Presentation.notebook 38

Jun 4­9:40 AM