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Development of Integrated Filtration System Development of - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Jan 26, 2023 47 likes •340 views

Development of Integrated Filtration System Development of Integrated Filtration System for Water Treatment and Wastewater Reclamation for Water Treatment and Wastewater Reclamation in Developing Countries in Developing Countries C.

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Development of Integrated Filtration System Development of Integrated Filtration System for Water Treatment and Wastewater Reclamation for Water Treatment and Wastewater Reclamation in Developing Countries in Developing Countries

  • C. Chiemchaisri
  • C. Chiemchaisri

Department of Environmental Engineering Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand

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Introduction

  • Bangkok, like other mega cities in developing

Bangkok, like other mega cities in developing countries, is suffering from the shortage of countries, is suffering from the shortage of water resources due to the deterioration of water resources due to the deterioration of natural water qualities. natural water qualities.

  • To overcome these problems, efficient water

To overcome these problems, efficient water treatment systems for producing good quality treatment systems for producing good quality water supply and treated wastewater for water supply and treated wastewater for reuse are needed. reuse are needed.

  • Integrated filtration system employing floating

Integrated filtration system employing floating media filter coupled with conventional sand/ media filter coupled with conventional sand/ zeolite filter or membrane filtration was zeolite filter or membrane filtration was developed for water treatment and developed for water treatment and wastewater reclamation purposes. wastewater reclamation purposes.

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SLIDE 3
  • Filtration is an essential unit for solid separation in conven

Filtration is an essential unit for solid separation in conventional tional water treatment and tertiary wastewater treatment processes. water treatment and tertiary wastewater treatment processes.

  • Its applications include direct filtration of low turbidity wa

Its applications include direct filtration of low turbidity water or ter or filtration of coagulated water for high turbidity water. filtration of coagulated water for high turbidity water.

  • In this study, floating media filtration system coupled with c

In this study, floating media filtration system coupled with coarse

  • arse

sand filter/ zeolite bed/ microfiltration membrane was applie sand filter/ zeolite bed/ microfiltration membrane was applied to the d to the treatment of surface water and secondary effluent. treatment of surface water and secondary effluent.

  • The advantages of system include smaller footprint comparing

The advantages of system include smaller footprint comparing to conventional water treatment processes, high treatment to conventional water treatment processes, high treatment efficiency and low operating cost. efficiency and low operating cost.

Integrated Filtration System Integrated Filtration System

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Floating media filter coupled with coarse sand filter or zeolite Floating media filter coupled with coarse sand filter or zeolite bed bed for surface water treatment and wastewater reclamation for surface water treatment and wastewater reclamation

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Floating media filter coupled with microfiltration membrane Floating media filter coupled with microfiltration membrane for surface water treatment for surface water treatment

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Laboratory scale experimental unit Laboratory scale experimental unit Polypropylene bead Polypropylene bead Hollow fiber membrane module Hollow fiber membrane module

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Floating media filter Floating media filter Microfiltration membrane unit Microfiltration membrane unit

Pilot scale testing at Bangkhen water treatment plant Pilot scale testing at Bangkhen water treatment plant

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SLIDE 8

Research series on Integrated Filtration System Research series on Integrated Filtration System

1. 1. Floating media/coarse sand filter for surface water treatmen Floating media/coarse sand filter for surface water treatment t (lab scale) (lab scale) -

  • turbidity removal

turbidity removal

  • 2. Floating media filter coupled/zeolite bed for wastewater
  • 2. Floating media filter coupled/zeolite bed for wastewater

reclamation (lab scale) reclamation (lab scale) -

  • turbidity, N, P removals

turbidity, N, P removals 3. 3. Floating media filter/MF membrane for surface water treatmen Floating media filter/MF membrane for surface water treatment t (lab scale) (lab scale) -

  • turbidity, NOM, microorganism removals

turbidity, NOM, microorganism removals 4. 4. Floating media filter/MF membrane for surface water treatmen Floating media filter/MF membrane for surface water treatment t (pilot scale) (pilot scale) -

  • turbidity, NOM removals

turbidity, NOM removals

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Floating media filter/coarse sand filter for Floating media filter/coarse sand filter for surface water treatment surface water treatment

  • Coagulants

Coagulants Alum, FeCl Alum, FeCl3

3, PACl, polymer

, PACl, polymer

  • Filtration rates

Filtration rates 5,8,12 m 5,8,12 m3

3/m

/m2

2.h

.h

  • Media depth

Media depth 60:20, 50:30, 40:40, 30:50, 20:60 cm 60:20, 50:30, 40:40, 30:50, 20:60 cm and 1.5 m of floating media filter alone and 1.5 m of floating media filter alone Key findings Key findings Appropriate filtration rate of the system was found to be 5 m3/m2.h, It was limited by the particle retention capacity of floating media filter and headloss development in coarse sand filter When only floating media filter of 1.5 m was used, the filtration rate

  • f 15 and 10 m3/m2.h could be maintained to obtain satisfied

effluent turbidity level in long term operation.

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20 40 60 80 100 120 2 4 6 8 Filtration time (h) H eadloss (D FF) (cm ) 5m/h 8m/h 12m/h

20 40 60 80 100 120 140 2 4 6 8

Filtration time (h) H eadloss (D FF+C SF) (cm ) 5 m/h 8 m/h 12 m/h 5 10 15 20 25 30 2 4 6 8 Filtration time (h) T urbidity (D FF) (N T U ) 5m/h 8m/h 12m/h

0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 2 4 6 8

Filtration time (h) Turbidity (DFF+CSF) (NTU) 5 m/h 8 m/h 12 m/h

Turbidity removal and headloss development: Effect of filtration Turbidity removal and headloss development: Effect of filtration rate rate

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SLIDE 11

0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 2 4 6 8

Filtration time (h) Turbidity (DFF) (NTU)

60:20 50:30 40:40 30:50 20:60

0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 2 4 6 8

Filtration time (h)

Turbidity (DFF+CSF) (NTU)

60:20 50:30 40:40 30:50 20:60 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 2 4 6 8

Filtration time (h) H eadloss (D F F) (cm ) 60:20 50:30 40:40 30:50 20:60 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 2 4 6 8

Filtration time (h) H eadloss (D FF+C SF) (cm ) 60:20 50:30 40:40 30:50 20:60

Turbidity removal and headloss development: Effect of bed depth Turbidity removal and headloss development: Effect of bed depth

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45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 275 300 bed depth:media size(L/d) Turbidity removal (%)

3 mm 6 mm 8 mm

Relationship between L/d and turbidity removal in plastic media pre-filter

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Floating media filter/ zeolite bed for Floating media filter/ zeolite bed for wastewater reclamation wastewater reclamation

  • Direction filtration of secondary effluent from sewage treatment

Direction filtration of secondary effluent from sewage treatment plant (particle removal) plant (particle removal)

  • Chemical precipitation (for P removal) using FeCl

Chemical precipitation (for P removal) using FeCl3

3 and zeolite bed

and zeolite bed (for N removal) (for N removal)

  • Filtration rates

Filtration rates 1,3,5 m 1,3,5 m3

3/m

/m2

2.h

.h

  • Media depth

Media depth 40:40 cm 40:40 cm Key findings Key findings A filtration rate of 5 m3/m2.h was proposed for direct filtration mode (only turbidity removal) whereas 1 m3/m2.h was recommended for N, P removal from secondary effluent.

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Treated water qualities for N, P removal and breakthrough period Treated water qualities for N, P removal and breakthrough period

Parameters

  • Std. Limit

1(m3/m2.h) 3 (m3/m2.h) 5 (m3/m2.h) Eff. Hours Eff. Hours Eff. Hours SS (mg/l) < 5 0.4 >12 7.0 9 10.0 3 Turbidity (NTU) < 5 0.2 >12 4.7 10 46.5 3 NH4

+ (mg N/l)

<5 0.9 >12 5.6 9 2.1 3 PO4

3- (mg P/l)

< 0.05 0.02 >12 0.13 8 1.18 3 Parameters Influent Effluent % Removal Range Average pH 7.3 5.6-6.4 6.0 SS (mg/l) 10.3 0-2.2 0.5 91.9 Turbidity (NTU)- DFF 6.8 0.1-1.5 0.7 90.0 Turbidity (NTU)- Overall 6.8 0.1-0.9 0.3 94.6 BOD (mg/l) 18.3 0.7-1.0 0.9 95.4 NH4

+ (mg N/l)

22.5 0-7.0 0.5 97.8 PO4

3- (mg P/l)

4.41 0-0.06 0.02 99.5

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  • Floating Media Filter

Floating Media Filter

  • Acrylic column of 10 cm. diameter and 180 cm. long

Acrylic column of 10 cm. diameter and 180 cm. long

  • Plastic media: Polypropylene (PP) bead of 3.6 mm diameter

Plastic media: Polypropylene (PP) bead of 3.6 mm diameter 1 m. bed depth 1 m. bed depth

  • Microfiltration Membrane Unit

Microfiltration Membrane Unit

  • Hollow filter membrane module with 0.1

Hollow filter membrane module with 0.1 μ μm pore size m pore size and 0.2 m and 0.2 m2

2 surface area

surface area

  • Filtration rate

Filtration rate 5, 10, 15 m 5, 10, 15 m3

3/m

/m2

2.h

.h

  • Coagulant

Coagulant Polyaluminum chloride (PACl) Polyaluminum chloride (PACl) at 25%, 50% and 100% of jar test at 25%, 50% and 100% of jar test

Floating media filter/MF membrane for Floating media filter/MF membrane for Surface water treatment Surface water treatment

Key findings Key findings

  • Floating media filter was effective in promoting flocculation a

Floating media filter was effective in promoting flocculation and removing nd removing solid particles from raw water solid particles from raw water

  • Low filtration rate (5 m

Low filtration rate (5 m3

3/m

/m2

2.h) was preferred to prevent breakthrough and

.h) was preferred to prevent breakthrough and reduce the solid particle loading to MF membrane reduce the solid particle loading to MF membrane

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10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360

PACl 8 mg/ l PACl 4 mg/ l PACl 2 mg/ l

Turbidity(NTU) Time(min)

V = 1 0 m/ hr

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360

PACl 8 mg/ l PACl 4 mg/ l PACl 2 mg/ l

Turbidity(NTU) Time(min)

V = 1 5 m/ hr

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360

PACl 8 mg/ l PACl 4 mg/ l PACl 2 mg/ l

Turbidity (NTU) Time(min)

V = 5 m/ hr

Particle removal in floating media filter Particle removal in floating media filter (RW turbidity 80 NTU) (RW turbidity 80 NTU)

  • Opt. dose 100%
  • Opt. dose
  • Opt. dose 50%

50%

Breakthrough of particles

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SLIDE 17

200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000

0.00 0.20 0.50 0.70 1.00 1.30 1.60

120 min 240 min 360 min

S S ( m g / l) Depth(m)

V = 5 m/ hr PACl 8 mg/ l

50 100 150 200

0.00 0.20 0.50 0.70 1.00 1.30 1.60

120 min 240 min 360 min

Floc Size( um ) Depth(m)

V = 5 m/ hr PACl 8 mg/ l

Accumulation of solid particles In floating media filter

2000 4000 6000 8000 10000

0.00 0.20 0.50 0.70 1.00 1.30 1.60

120 min 240 min 360 min

SS( m g/ l) Depth(m)

V = 1 0 m/ hr PACl 4 mg/ l

100 200 300 400

0.00 0.20 0.50 0.70 1.00 1.30 1.60

120 min 240 min 360 min

Floc Size( um) Depth(m)

V = 1 0 m/ hr PACl 4 mg/ l

Release of small particles from floating filter Deeper accumulation In the filter bed

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SLIDE 18

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

8 0 NTU

Transmembrane Pressure(kPa)

V=0.6 m/ d V=1.0 m/ d V=1.4 m/ d V=5 m/ hr V=10 m/ hr

Turbidity(NTU)

Effect of turbidity and particle size on Effect of turbidity and particle size on transmembrane transmembrane pressure pressure development of MF membrane development of MF membrane

DFF+MF

MF

5 10 15 20 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Transmembrane Pressure(kPa)

8 0 NTU

V=0.6 m/ d V=1.0 m/ d V=1.4 m/ d V=5 m/ hr V=10 m/ hr

Floc Size(um)

DFF+MF

MF

  • MF membrane removed the remaining turbidity in water yielding c

MF membrane removed the remaining turbidity in water yielding constant

  • nstant

effluent turbidity. effluent turbidity. Transmembrane Transmembrane pressure development was low pressure development was low following the pretreatment by floating media filter following the pretreatment by floating media filter

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NOM removal in floating media filter/MF system NOM removal in floating media filter/MF system

Key findings Key findings

  • High degree of NOM removal (>85%) was achieved in the system.

High degree of NOM removal (>85%) was achieved in the system.

  • Enhanced coagulation effect provided more than 80% of UV

Enhanced coagulation effect provided more than 80% of UV254

254 removal

removal in floating media filter. in floating media filter.

  • NOM removal results in significant reduction in chlorine demand

NOM removal results in significant reduction in chlorine demand and and THM formation. THM formation.

  • Both turbidity and NOM concentration affected the fouling of mem

Both turbidity and NOM concentration affected the fouling of membrane brane but TMP built up was mainly caused by particulate fouling but TMP built up was mainly caused by particulate fouling

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SLIDE 20

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

Coagulant dose (mg/l) UV removal (%) alum-medium turbidity PACl-medium turbidity FeCl3-medium turbidity alum-high turbidity PACl-high turbidity FeCl3-high turbidity

UV UV254

254 removal during coagulation of river water

removal during coagulation of river water

PACl was found to be the most PACl was found to be the most effective coagulant for NOM removal. effective coagulant for NOM removal. Optimum dose was 15 Optimum dose was 15-

  • 25 mg/l giving

25 mg/l giving 75 75-

  • 90% UV

90% UV254

254 removal.

removal.

y = 0.7213x R

2 = 0.95

y = 0.8969x R

2 = 0.9578

20 40 60 80 100 20 40 60 80 100 Turbidity removal (%) UV removal (%)

Relationship between turbidity Relationship between turbidity and UV and UV254

254 removal in floating

removal in floating media filter media filter

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Turbidity and NOM removal in floating media filter/MF system Turbidity and NOM removal in floating media filter/MF system

Condition Turbidity (NTU) UV254 (cm-1) Avg. %Removal Avg. %Removal

  • 1. PACl 100%

1.1 PP (7.5 m/h) MF (0.3 m/d) 1.2 PP [11 m/h) MF (0.45 m/d)

  • 2. PACl 50%

2.1 PP (7.5 m/h) MF (0.3 m/d) 2.2 PP (11 m/h) MF (0.45 m/d) 15.9 0.53 18.8 0.55 85.5 99.5 83.8 99.5 0.147 0.102 0.180 0.110 80.7 86.6 76.6 85.7 25.4 0.59 76.7 99.5 0.200 0.120 72.6 83.6 17.2 0.61 78.7 99.2 0.198 0.110 66.4 81.3 Parameters Parameters Value Value Range Range Avg. Avg. pH pH Turbidity (NTU) Turbidity (NTU) UV UV254

254 (cm

(cm-

  • 1

1)

) DOC (mg/l) DOC (mg/l) Color (TCU) Color (TCU) 7.65 7.65-

  • 7.84

7.84 0.51 0.51-

  • 0.68

0.68 0.06 0.06-

  • 0.11

0.11 2.78 2.78-

  • 2.99

2.99 2.8 2.8-

  • 3.6

3.6 7.73 7.73 0.60 0.60 0.08 0.08 2.88 2.88 3.2 3.2

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TMP development in MF TMP development in MF membrane unit membrane unit

5 10 15 20 25 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 Time (hours) TMP (kPa)

0.45 m/d-100% 0.3 m/d-100% 0.45 m/d-50% 0.3 m/d-50%

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

T0.6 U0.05 T1.3 U0.30 T66 U0.60 T16 U0.16 T66 U0.30 T16 U0.30

Raw water qualities TM P increase (kP a)

Effect of raw water qualities Effect of raw water qualities (Turbidity and UV (Turbidity and UV254

254)

)

  • n TMP development
  • n TMP development
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SLIDE 23

Reduction in Cl Reduction in Cl2

2 demand and THM formation

demand and THM formation

Sample Sample Cl Cl2

2 dose

dose (mg/l) (mg/l) CHLO CHLO ( (μ μg/l g/l) ) DCBM DCBM ( (μ μg/l g/l) ) DBCM DBCM ( (μ μg/l g/l) ) Sum of THM Sum of THM ratio ratio RW RW 2.0 2.0 2.5 2.5 71 71 138 138 6 6 9 9 0.45 0.45 0.44 0.44 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.8 3.0 3.0 3.5 3.5 5.0 5.0 129 129 145 145 175 175 9 9 9 9 11 11 0.47 0.47 0.54 0.54 0.55 0.55 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.1 TW TW 2.0 2.0 2.5 2.5 3.0 3.0 3.5 3.5 5.0 5.0 33 33 46 46 67 67 73 73 86 86 4 4 6 6 8 8 8 8 9 9 0.38 0.38 0.59 0.59 0.70 0.70 0.74 0.74 0.76 0.76 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6

0.5 to 1.0 mg/l reduction in chlorine demand was achieved after 0.5 to 1.0 mg/l reduction in chlorine demand was achieved after removing removing NOM from the water. THM formation was reduced by 40 NOM from the water. THM formation was reduced by 40-

  • 60%

60%

Sum of THM = C Sum of THM = CCHLO

CHLO/GV

/GVCHLO

CHLO + C

+ CDCBM

DCBM/GV

/GVDCBM

DCBM + C

+ CDBCM

DBCM/GV

/GVDBCM

DBCM + C

+ CBROMO

BROMO/GV

/GVBROMO

BROMO < 1

< 1 (WHO guideline) (WHO guideline)

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SLIDE 24

Water borne microorganism removal by floating media Water borne microorganism removal by floating media filter/MF membrane filter/MF membrane

Key findings Key findings

  • Freshwater algae was found partially removed by coagulation and

Freshwater algae was found partially removed by coagulation and entrapped entrapped in floating media filter but completely retained by MF memb in floating media filter but completely retained by MF membrane rane

  • Total coliform and Fecal coliform was effectively removed by c

Total coliform and Fecal coliform was effectively removed by coagulation and

  • agulation and

retained in floating media filter at low filtration rate (5 retained in floating media filter at low filtration rate (5 m/h) m/h)

  • At higher filtration rate, total and fecal coliform removal ef

At higher filtration rate, total and fecal coliform removal efficiencies were ficiencies were significantly reduced. Nevertheless, MF membrane helped rem significantly reduced. Nevertheless, MF membrane helped removing the

  • ving the

remaining TC and FC from water remaining TC and FC from water

  • Coliphage was removed better in floating media filter operated

Coliphage was removed better in floating media filter operated at higher at higher filtration rate but poorly retained by MF. filtration rate but poorly retained by MF.

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SLIDE 25

1 10 100 1000 10000 2 4 6 8 Operation Time (Hour) Microorganisms (x104 MPN/100ml, PFU/ml) 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 Turbidity (NTU) (a) 1 10 100 1000 10000 2 4 6 8 Operation Time (H

  • ur)

Microorganisms (MPN/100ml, PFU/ml) 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Turbidity (NTU) TC FC CP N TU (b)

penetration of CP Through MF

1 10 100 1000 10000 1 2 3 4 5 6 Microorganisms (MPN/100 ml, PFU/ml) TC FC CP No coagulant: 5 m/h 1 10 100 1000 10000 1 2 3 4 5 6 Operation Time (Hour) Microorganisms (MPN/100 ml, PFU/ml) with coagulant:5 m/h

1 10 100 1000 10000 1 2 3 4 5 6 No coagulant:15 m/h

improved CP removal Improved FC removal Floating filter MF Floating filter

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SLIDE 26

Future research needs Future research needs & possible collaboration & possible collaboration

  • Investigation of trace pollutants (e.g. pesticide, pharmaceuti

Investigation of trace pollutants (e.g. pesticide, pharmaceuticals) cals) contamination in surface water/treated wastewater in floating contamination in surface water/treated wastewater in floating media media and membrane filtration system and membrane filtration system

  • Enhancement of NOM removal by floating media bio

Enhancement of NOM removal by floating media bio-

  • filtration

filtration

  • r photo
  • r photo-
  • oxidation associated with MF membrane for polluted water
  • xidation associated with MF membrane for polluted water

treatment treatment

  • Detailed investigation of microorganism removal in floating

Detailed investigation of microorganism removal in floating media filter coupled with MF membrane treating actual river w media filter coupled with MF membrane treating actual river water. ater.

  • Implementation of full scale integrated filtration system at B

Implementation of full scale integrated filtration system at Bangkok angkok waterworks and sewage treatment plants waterworks and sewage treatment plants

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SLIDE 27

Other research collaborations Other research collaborations

  • Development of photosynthetic bacteria pond system for carbon

Development of photosynthetic bacteria pond system for carbon recovery from industrial wastewater (with UT) recovery from industrial wastewater (with UT)

  • Investigation of reverse osmosis (RO) membrane fouling during

Investigation of reverse osmosis (RO) membrane fouling during reclamation of textile wastewater (WRPC & UT) reclamation of textile wastewater (WRPC & UT)

  • Application of membrane bioreactor (MBR) and RO system to soli

Application of membrane bioreactor (MBR) and RO system to solid d waste leachate treatment (UT) waste leachate treatment (UT)

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SLIDE 28

Full scale application of advanced leachate treatment system Full scale application of advanced leachate treatment system (1000 m (1000 m3

3/d) in Thailand

/d) in Thailand

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SLIDE 29