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Apr 06, 2023 •5 likes •1.33k views

Development By The Numbers We Are Going To Measure Complexity Why Should We Care About Complexity? "The Central Enemy Of Reliability is Complexity" - Geer et al. Complexity And Quality Are Strongly Related Basic Metrics

  1. Development By The Numbers

  6. We Are Going To Measure Complexity

  7. Why Should We Care About Complexity?

  8. "The Central Enemy Of Reliability is Complexity" - Geer et al.

  9. Complexity And Quality Are Strongly Related

  11. Basic Metrics

  12. Cyclomatic Complexity

  13. Cyclomatic Complexity Number Of "Decision Points" In A Routine

  14. function foo ($a, $b) { $c = 0; if ($a) { $c = $a; } elseif ($b) { $c = $b; } if ($a && $b) { $c = $a + $b; } return $c; }

  15. function foo ($a, $b) { $c = 0; if ($a) { $c = $a; } elseif ($b) { $c = $b; } if ($a && $b) { $c = $a + $b; } return $c; }

  16. 4 function foo ($a, $b) { $c = 0; if ($a) { $c = $a; } elseif ($b) { $c = $b; } if ($a && $b) { $c = $a + $b; } return $c; }

  17. Simple Right?

  19. Cyclomatic Complexity (Single Method) 1 - 4 : Low Complexity 5 - 7 : Moderate Complexity 8 - 10 : High Complexity 11+ : Very High Complexity

  20. Cyclomatic Complexity (Average Per Method) 1 - 2 : Low Complexity 2 - 4 : Moderate Complexity 4 - 6 : High Complexity 6+ : Very High Complexity

  21. Compare: Average CC per Method Wordpress: 6.28 Drupal 7: 3.02 Drupal 8: 2.10 Symfony 2: 1.81 Zend Framework 2: 2.62 Laravel: 1.79

  22. Cyclomatic Complexity (Average Per Line Of Code) .01 - .05 : Low Complexity .05 - .10 : Moderate Complexity .10 - .15 : High Complexity .15+ : Very High Complexity

  23. Compare: Average CC per LOC Wordpress: 0.20 Drupal 7: 0.04 Drupal 8: 0.07 Symfony 2: 0.06 Zend Framework 2: 0.10 Laravel: 0.07

  25. N-Path Complexity

  26. N-Path Complexity Number Of "Unique Paths" In A Routine

  27. function foo ($a, $b) { $c = 0; if ($a) { $c = $a; } elseif ($b) { $c = $b; } if ($a && $b) { $c = $a + $b; } return $c; }

  28. function foo ($a, $b) { $c = 0; if ($a) { $c = $a; } elseif ($b) { $c = $b; } if ($a && $b) { $c = $a + $b; } return $c; }

  29. function foo ($a, $b) { $c = 0; if ($a) { $c = $a; } elseif ($b) { $c = $b; } if ($a && $b) { $c = $a + $b; } return $c; }

  30. function foo ($a, $b) { $c = 0; if ($a) { $c = $a; } elseif ($b) { $c = $b; } if ($a && $b) { $c = $a + $b; } return $c; }

  31. function foo ($a, $b) { $c = 0; if ($a) { $c = $a; } elseif ($b) { $c = $b; } if ($a && $b) { $c = $a + $b; } return $c; }

  32. 4 function foo ($a, $b) { $c = 0; if ($a) { $c = $a; } elseif ($b) { $c = $b; } if ($a && $b) { $c = $a + $b; } return $c; }

  33. They Are The Same?

  34. Not Generally!

  35. function foo2 ($a, $b, $c) { $d = 0; CC: if ($a) { $d += $a; NPath: } if ($b) { $d += $b; } if ($c) { $d += $c; } return $d; }

  36. function foo2 ($a, $b, $c) { $d = 0; CC: if ($a) { $d += $a; NPath: } if ($b) { $d += $b; } if ($c) { $d += $c; } return $d; }

  37. function foo2 ($a, $b, $c) { $d = 0; CC: 4 if ($a) { $d += $a; NPath: } if ($b) { $d += $b; } if ($c) { $d += $c; } return $d; }

  38. function foo2 ($a, $b, $c) { $d = 0; CC: 4 if ($a) { $d += $a; NPath: } if ($b) { $d += $b; } if ($c) { $d += $c; } return $d; }

  39. function foo2 ($a, $b, $c) { $d = 0; CC: 4 if ($a) { $d += $a; NPath: } if ($b) { $d += $b; } if ($c) { $d += $c; } return $d; }

  40. function foo2 ($a, $b, $c) { $d = 0; CC: 4 if ($a) { $d += $a; NPath: } if ($b) { $d += $b; } if ($c) { $d += $c; } return $d; }

  41. function foo2 ($a, $b, $c) { $d = 0; CC: 4 if ($a) { $d += $a; NPath: } if ($b) { $d += $b; } if ($c) { $d += $c; } return $d; }

  42. function foo2 ($a, $b, $c) { $d = 0; CC: 4 if ($a) { $d += $a; NPath: } if ($b) { $d += $b; } if ($c) { $d += $c; } return $d; }

  43. function foo2 ($a, $b, $c) { $d = 0; CC: 4 if ($a) { $d += $a; NPath: } if ($b) { $d += $b; } if ($c) { $d += $c; } return $d; }

  44. function foo2 ($a, $b, $c) { $d = 0; CC: 4 if ($a) { $d += $a; NPath: } if ($b) { $d += $b; } if ($c) { $d += $c; } return $d; }

  45. function foo2 ($a, $b, $c) { $d = 0; CC: 4 if ($a) { $d += $a; NPath: } if ($b) { $d += $b; } if ($c) { $d += $c; } return $d; }

  46. function foo2 ($a, $b, $c) { $d = 0; CC: 4 if ($a) { $d += $a; NPath: 8 } if ($b) { $d += $b; } if ($c) { $d += $c; } return $d; }

  47. function foo2 ($a, $b, $c) { $d = 0; CC: 4 if ($a) { $d += $a; NPath: 8 } if ($b) { 2^(CC-1) $d += $b; } if ($c) { $d += $c; } return $d; }

  48. N-Path Complexity <16 : Low Complexity 17-128 : Moderate Complexity 129-1024 : High Complexity 1025+ : Very High Complexity

  50. N-Path Complexity Minimum Number Of Tests Required To Completely Test A Routine

  53. N-Path Complexity entity_load() CC: N-Path:

  54. N-Path Complexity entity_load() CC: 2 N-Path:

  55. Cyclomatic Complexity 1 - 4 : Low Complexity 5 - 7 : Moderate Complexity 8 - 10 : High Complexity 11+ : Very High Complexity

  56. N-Path Complexity entity_load() CC: 2 N-Path: 2

  58. N-Path Complexity drupal_http_request() CC: N-Path:

  63. N-Path Complexity drupal_http_request() CC: 41 N-Path:

  64. Cyclomatic Complexity 1 - 4 : Low Complexity 5 - 7 : Moderate Complexity 8 - 10 : High Complexity 11+ : Very High Complexity

  65. N-Path Complexity drupal_http_request() CC: 41 N-Path: 25,303,344,960

  67. To Completely Test drupal_http_request() At 1 Line Of Code Per Test Would Require 2 Terabytes Worth Of Tests

  68. To Completely Test drupal_http_request() At 1 Line Of Code Per Test Would Require 412 DVD's Worth Of Tests

  69. To Completely Test drupal_http_request() At 1 Line Of Code Per Test Would Require 670k Drupals Worth Of Tests

  70. And That's Not The Worst One!

  72. N-Path Complexity _date_repeat_rrule_process() CC: N-Path:

  73. N-Path Complexity _date_repeat_rrule_process() CC: 81 N-Path:

  74. N-Path Complexity _date_repeat_rrule_process() CC: 81 N-Path: 19,781,719,256

  75. N-Path Complexity _date_repeat_rrule_process() CC: 81 N-Path: 19,781,719,256 ,250,000,000,000

  76. N-Path Complexity _date_repeat_rrule_process() CC: 81 N-Path: 19,781,719,256 ,250,000,000,000 ,000,000,000

  77. To Completely Test _date_repeat_rrule_process() At 1 Line Of Code Per Test Would Require 336T 2009's Worth Of Tests

  78. To Completely Test _date_repeat_rrule_process() At 1 Line Of Code Per Test Would Require 1 Greenland Ice Cap of microSD cards Worth Of Tests

  80. CRAP

  82. CRAP (Change Risk Analysis Predictions)

  83. CC = Cyclomatic Complexity (method) COV = Test Coverage (percent) CRAP = CC + (CC^2 * (1 - COV)^3)

  85. CRAP Relates Complexity And Test Coverage

  86. CRAP Increasing Test Coverage Lowers CRAP Decreasing Complexity Lowers CRAP

  87. CRAP A Low Complexity Method With No Tests Is Good

  88. CRAP A Low Complexity Method With Good Tests Is Great

  89. CRAP A Moderate Complexity Method With Good Tests Is OK

  90. CRAP A Moderate Complexity Method With No Tests Is CRAP

  91. CRAP < 5 : GREAT Code 5 - 15 : Acceptable Code 15-30 : Eih... Code 30+ : CRAPpy Code

  93. How Do We Apply These Metrics?

  97. Sebastian Bergmann PHPUnit DbUnit www.phpqatools.org PHPLOC www.jenkins-php.org PHPCPD PHPCOV hphpa

  98. PHPLOC

  99. PHPLOC By Sebastian Bergmann

  100. PHPLOC By Sebastian Bergmann Command Line Tool

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