Designing All Electric Ships CAPT Norbert Doerry CAPT Norbert - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

▶
designing all electric ships
SMART_READER_LITE
LIVE PREVIEW

Designing All Electric Ships CAPT Norbert Doerry CAPT Norbert - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Sep 26, 2023 273 likes •539 views

NINTH INTERNATIONAL MARINE DESIGN CONFERENCE 2006 Designing All Electric Ships CAPT Norbert Doerry CAPT Norbert Doerry Howard Fireman Naval Sea Systems Command Ann Arbor, Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan May 16 - 19, 2006 University of

slide-1
SLIDE 1

NINTH INTERNATIONAL MARINE DESIGN CONFERENCE 2006

Designing All Electric Ships

CAPT Norbert Doerry CAPT Norbert Doerry Howard Fireman Naval Sea Systems Command

Ann Arbor, Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan May 16 - 19, 2006

May 16-19, 2006

University of Michigan, Dept. NA&ME Designing All Electric Ships

1

slide-2
SLIDE 2

NINTH INTERNATIONAL MARINE DESIGN CONFERENCE 2006

AGENDA

  • Integrated Power System (IPS) Introduction

g y ( )

  • IPS Design Opportunities
  • IPS Design Considerations
  • IPS Design Watch Items

IPS Design Watch Items

  • Conclusions

– The Integrated Power System provides the naval architect with many opportunities to optimize ship design.

  • It’s important that the Naval Architect take advantage of these
  • pportunities, otherwise a sub-optimized IPS ship design may not
  • utperform an optimized conventional mechanical drive ship design.

– Improving the efficiency of prime movers and propulsors (along with drag reduction) can compensate for lower transmission efficiency of electric drive.

May 16-19, 2006

University of Michigan, Dept. NA&ME Designing All Electric Ships

2

slide-3
SLIDE 3

NINTH INTERNATIONAL MARINE DESIGN CONFERENCE 2006

Integrated Power System (IPS)

IPS consists of an architecture and a set of modules which together provide g p the basis for designing, procuring, and supporting marine power systems applicable over a broad range of ship types: yp

– Power Generation Module (PGM) – Propulsion Motor Module (PMM) – Power Distribution Module (PDM) – Power Conversion Module (PCM) Power Conversion Module (PCM) – Power Control (PCON) – Energy Storage Module (ESM) – Load (PLM) May 16-19, 2006

University of Michigan, Dept. NA&ME Designing All Electric Ships

3

slide-4
SLIDE 4

NINTH INTERNATIONAL MARINE DESIGN CONFERENCE 2006

IPS Architecture I t t d P

  • Integrated Power

– Propulsion and Ship Service Loads provided power from same prime movers

  • Zonal Distribution

– Longitudinal Distribution buses connect prime movers to loads via zonal distribution nodes (switchboards or load loads via zonal distribution nodes (switchboards or load centers).

May 16-19, 2006

University of Michigan, Dept. NA&ME Designing All Electric Ships

4

slide-5
SLIDE 5

NINTH INTERNATIONAL MARINE DESIGN CONFERENCE 2006

IPS M di

V lt

AC D i IPS: Medium Voltage AC Design

Xformer

4160 V

Xformer

4160 V

Xformer

4160 V

Xformer

4160 V

SP PDM - PCM PDM - PCM PDM - PCM PDM - PCM PGM PGM M PDM PDM SP SP PMM PMM PGM PGM PGM PDM PDM PDM PDM SP PMM PMM PGM Xformer

4160 V

Xformer

4160 V

Xformer

4160 V

Xformer

4160 V

PDM - PCM PDM - PCM PDM - PCM PDM - PCM PGM PGM

May 16-19, 2006

University of Michigan, Dept. NA&ME Designing All Electric Ships

5

Zone 4 Zone 5 Zone 7 Zone 1 Zone 2 Zone 6 Zone 3 SP = Shore Power

slide-6
SLIDE 6

NINTH INTERNATIONAL MARINE DESIGN CONFERENCE 2006

IPS with DC Zonal Electrical Distribution: IPS with DC Zonal Electrical Distribution: Medium Voltage AC Distribution System

To DC ZEDS PGM PGM To DC ZEDS Motor Motor Drive PMM Motor Motor Drive PMM PGM PGM To DC ZEDS May 16-19, 2006

University of Michigan, Dept. NA&ME Designing All Electric Ships

6

slide-7
SLIDE 7

NINTH INTERNATIONAL MARINE DESIGN CONFERENCE 2006

DC Z l El t i l Di t ib ti S t DC Zonal Electrical Distribution System

PCM-1 DC PCM-1 PCM-1 PCM-1 DC DC AN ELECTRICAL ZONE AN ELECTRICAL ZONE AN ELECTRICAL ZONE AN ELECTRICAL ZONE PCM-4 DC DC DC AC INPUT PCM-2 PCM- 4 PCM- 2 AC LOADS DC LOADS AC LOADS PCM-4 AC INPUT DC DC DC PCM- 2 AC LOADS AC INPUT AC LOADS PCM- 2 PCM-1 PCM-1 DC PCM-1 PCM-1 D D DC DC

May 16-19, 2006

University of Michigan, Dept. NA&ME Designing All Electric Ships

7

slide-8
SLIDE 8

NINTH INTERNATIONAL MARINE DESIGN CONFERENCE 2006

IPS Design Opportunities S t Hi h P Mi i S t

  • Support High Power Mission Systems
  • Reduce Number of Prime Movers
  • Improve System Efficiency
  • Improve System Efficiency
  • Provide General Arrangements Flexibility
  • Improve Ship Producibility

Improve Ship Producibility

  • Support Zonal Survivability
  • Facilitate Fuel Cell Integration

May 16-19, 2006

University of Michigan, Dept. NA&ME Designing All Electric Ships

8

slide-9
SLIDE 9

NINTH INTERNATIONAL MARINE DESIGN CONFERENCE 2006

S t Hi h P Mi i S t

Organic Surveillance Drone

High Altitude B P t Ai ft

Support High Power Mission Systems

Electromagnetic Gun Electromagnetic Gun

More than 10 MJ on Target Beam Power to Aircraft Minimal Handling - No Refueling

High Powered Sensor

Combination Sensor and Weapon High Powered Microwave More than 10 MJ on Target Megawatt Range

High Energy Laser High Energy Laser

E h d S lf D f High Powered Laser Enhanced Self Defense Precision Engagement No Collateral Damage Megawatt Class Laser

Integrated Power System Integrated Power System

Affordable Power for Weapons and Propulsion Power Dense, Fuel Efficient Propulsion Reduced Signatures Power Conversion Flexibility

All Electric Auxiliaries

No Hydraulics

NO ENERGETICS NO ENERGETICS ABOARD SHIP! ABOARD SHIP!

May 16-19, 2006

University of Michigan, Dept. NA&ME Designing All Electric Ships

9 Power Conversion Flexibility No HP Gas Systems Reduced Sailor Workload

slide-10
SLIDE 10

NINTH INTERNATIONAL MARINE DESIGN CONFERENCE 2006

Reduce Number of Prime Movers Ship’s Power Propulsion

P i

Reduce Number of Prime Movers

Prime

Traditional

GEN Prime Mover GEN

Power Conversion and Di t ib ti

Reduction Gear

Prime Mover Prime Mover Mover GEN

Distribution

Prime Mover Prime Mover Prime Mover

Reduction Gear

Electric Drive

GEN GEN Prime Prime Mover

Power Conversion and Distribution

Mover

Drive with Integrated

GEN GEN

Mtr MD Mtr MD

Prime Mover Mover

Distribution

May 16-19, 2006

University of Michigan, Dept. NA&ME Designing All Electric Ships

10

Power

GEN Prime Mover

slide-11
SLIDE 11

NINTH INTERNATIONAL MARINE DESIGN CONFERENCE 2006

Improve System Efficiency

  • A generator, motor drive and

motor will generally be less efficient than a reduction

Mechanical Drive Electric Drive Gas Turbine 30% 35% Reduction Gear 99%

gear ….

  • But electric drive enables the

prime mover and propulsor

Generator 96% Drive 95% Motor 98%

to be more efficient, as well as reducing drag.

Propeller 70% 75% Relative Drag Coefficient 100% 97% Total 21% 24% Ratio 116%

Representative values: not universally true

TRADE TRANSMISSION EFFICIENCY TO REDUCE DRAG TRADE TRANSMISSION EFFICIENCY TO REDUCE DRAG

May 16-19, 2006

University of Michigan, Dept. NA&ME Designing All Electric Ships

11

TRADE TRANSMISSION EFFICIENCY TO REDUCE DRAG AND IMPROVE PRIME MOVER AND PROPELLER EFFICIENCY TRADE TRANSMISSION EFFICIENCY TO REDUCE DRAG AND IMPROVE PRIME MOVER AND PROPELLER EFFICIENCY

slide-12
SLIDE 12

NINTH INTERNATIONAL MARINE DESIGN CONFERENCE 2006

S ff Improve System Efficiency: Contra-Rotating Propellers

  • Increased Efficiency

– Recover Swirl Flow – 10 – 15% improvement

R i i l b i f

  • Requires special bearings for

inner shaft if using common shaft line

Anders Backlund and Jukka Kuuskoski, “The Contra Rotating Propeller (CRP) Concept with a Podded Drive”

  • Recent examples feature

Pod for aft propeller

May 16-19, 2006

University of Michigan, Dept. NA&ME Designing All Electric Ships

12

http://www.mhi.co.jp/ship/english/htm/crp01.htm

slide-13
SLIDE 13

NINTH INTERNATIONAL MARINE DESIGN CONFERENCE 2006

General Arrangements Flexibility Improve Ship Producibility

  • Vertical Stacking of

Propulsion Components

Di l M h i l S t

Propulsion Components

  • Pods
  • Athwart ship Engine

M ti

Diesel Mechanical System

Mounting

  • Horizontal Engine

Foundation E i i

Propulsion / Electrical Power Machinery Space

  • Engines in

Superstructure

  • Distributed Propulsion

Integrated Power System

Intakes/Uptakes Zones Without Propulsion / Electrical Power Spaces Shaft Lin e

  • Small Engineering

Spaces

May 16-19, 2006

University of Michigan, Dept. NA&ME Designing All Electric Ships

13

12APR94G. CDR NH D : S E A 0 3R 2 Rev 1 28 MAR 9 5

slide-14
SLIDE 14

NINTH INTERNATIONAL MARINE DESIGN CONFERENCE 2006

Support Zonal Survivability

  • Zonal Survivability is the

ability of a distributed y system, when experiencing internal faults, to ensure loads in undamaged zones do not experience a service p interruption.

– Sometimes applied to only Vital Loads. – Usually requires one Usua y equ es o e longitudinal bus to survive damage.

  • Limits damage propagation

to the fewest number of to the fewest number of zones.

– Enables concentration of Damage Control / Recoverability Efforts.

May 16-19, 2006

University of Michigan, Dept. NA&ME Designing All Electric Ships

14

y

slide-15
SLIDE 15

NINTH INTERNATIONAL MARINE DESIGN CONFERENCE 2006

Facilitate Fuel Cell Integration

  • Many Advantages

– Highly Efficient (35-60%) – Highly Efficient (35-60%) – No Dedicated intakes- uptakes; use ventilation

  • Challenges

g

– Reforming Fuel into Hydrogen – Onboard Chemical Plant. Eliminating Sulfur from – Eliminating Sulfur from fuels. – Slow Dynamic Response – Requires Energy storage to b l ti d balance generation and load – Slow Startup – Best used for base-loads

May 16-19, 2006

University of Michigan, Dept. NA&ME Designing All Electric Ships

15

slide-16
SLIDE 16

NINTH INTERNATIONAL MARINE DESIGN CONFERENCE 2006

IPS Design Considerations

  • Selection of High Voltage Bus Voltage
  • Number and Type of Power Generation

M d l Modules

  • Propulsion Motor Module Technology
  • Propulsor Architecture
  • AC or DC Zonal Electrical Distribution

May 16-19, 2006

University of Michigan, Dept. NA&ME Designing All Electric Ships

16

slide-17
SLIDE 17

NINTH INTERNATIONAL MARINE DESIGN CONFERENCE 2006

Selection of High Voltage Bus Voltage

  • Higher Voltages Desired

Higher Voltages Desired

– Circuit Breaker Rating – Reduced Cable Weight – Generator Reactance

40 110 40

  • Lower Voltage Desired

– Reduce risk for corona – Possible elimination of

0 14 7 80 40 110

transformer for propulsion motor module – Insulation and Thermal design of Generator

50 100 150 200 250 Total Generation Power Required (MW) 450 VAC 4 16 kV 6 9kV 13 8kV

Generator

  • Shore Power

– 450 V, 4.16 kV or 13.8 kV desired

450 VAC 4.16 kV 6.9kV 13.8kV

May 16-19, 2006

University of Michigan, Dept. NA&ME Designing All Electric Ships

17

Selecting the bus voltage is a compromise Selecting the bus voltage is a compromise

slide-18
SLIDE 18

NINTH INTERNATIONAL MARINE DESIGN CONFERENCE 2006

Number and Type of Power Generation Modules

Past studies have shown that 4 to 6 power generation

  • Past studies have shown that 4 to 6 power generation

modules generally provide the most cost effective solutions.

– Typically have at least 2 larger “Main generators” and 2 smaller “auxiliary generators”

  • Auxiliary Generators sized to be efficient between the

minimum operating conditions (with 2 online) and the point where the main generators are efficient.

– Often Diesel Generators – Should be self-starting

  • Main Generators sized to provide maximum power

requirements along with auxiliary generator sets

Often Gas Turbine Generators – Often Gas Turbine Generators – An even number simplifies bus architecture

  • May also need small emergency generators for dark-ship start

May 16-19, 2006

University of Michigan, Dept. NA&ME Designing All Electric Ships

18

slide-19
SLIDE 19

NINTH INTERNATIONAL MARINE DESIGN CONFERENCE 2006

Propulsion Motors: Propulsion Motors:

General Observations

  • Propulsion Motors are typically custom designed for the

application based on standard “Frame Sizes” application based on standard Frame Sizes .

– Frame size determines rotor diameter. – Variables are length and shaft speed.

  • The Motor Drive has a large impact on both the Propulsion

M t d th Hi h V lt Di t ib ti S t Motor and the High Voltage Distribution System.

– Harmonics and Power Quality – Part Load Efficiency – Number of Motor Phases Number of Motor Phases – Need for Propulsion Transformer

  • Motor Designs have changed significantly in past 15 years to

take advantage of new high voltage and current power electronics electronics.

– Permanent Magnet (PM) and Advanced Induction Motors (AIM) have largely displaced DC and Synchronous Motors for high power applications. Homopolar Motors and Superconducting Motors are still being

May 16-19, 2006

University of Michigan, Dept. NA&ME Designing All Electric Ships

19

– Homopolar Motors and Superconducting Motors are still being developed.

slide-20
SLIDE 20

NINTH INTERNATIONAL MARINE DESIGN CONFERENCE 2006

Motors: Basic Scaling Law HP  D2 L A B RPM HP  D2 · L · A · B · RPM HP Power Rating D R t Di t D Rotor Diameter L Rotor Active Length A Surface Current Density (C d t M t i l & C li M th d) (Conductor Material & Cooling Method) B Rotor Flux Density (Saturation of Magnetic Material) RPM Shaft Speed

May 16-19, 2006

University of Michigan, Dept. NA&ME Designing All Electric Ships

20

slide-21
SLIDE 21

NINTH INTERNATIONAL MARINE DESIGN CONFERENCE 2006

Propulsion Motor Thumb Rules

  • For a given technology, cost is

roughly proportional to Torque roughly proportional to Torque.

  • Maximum Rotor Diameter is

limited by shaft rake considerations, manufacturability and

Representative Efficiency Curves

manufacturability, and transportability.

  • Motor efficiencies at design

power typically fall in range f 90 98%

  • f 90-98%.
  • Below about 15-35% rated

power, the efficiency of a conventional motor drops p rapidly.

– Can be improved through advanced motor design and proper integration with motor

http://www.amsuper.com/products/library/HTS_efficiency_advantage.pdf

May 16-19, 2006

University of Michigan, Dept. NA&ME Designing All Electric Ships

21

g drive

slide-22
SLIDE 22

NINTH INTERNATIONAL MARINE DESIGN CONFERENCE 2006

Propulsor Architecture

  • Improve Efficiency
  • Improve Efficiency

– Fixed Pitch vs. CPP – Contra-rotating – Pods – Tandem Motors

  • Maneuverability

– Trainable Pods Thrusters – Thrusters

  • Survivability

– Distributed Propulsion

  • Support innovative Hull

Suppo t

  • at e

u Design

– SWATH – Multi-Hulls

May 16-19, 2006

University of Michigan, Dept. NA&ME Designing All Electric Ships

22

slide-23
SLIDE 23

NINTH INTERNATIONAL MARINE DESIGN CONFERENCE 2006

AC or DC Zonal Electrical Distribution AC Z l El t i l Di t ib ti i f d h

  • AC Zonal Electrical Distribution is preferred when

– Power Quality of the high voltage bus is good enough such that ship service loads receive power meeting MIL-STD- 1399 section 300A Interface standards.

  • Depends on Motor Drive Technology
  • Depends on Harmonic Filtering on high voltage bus

– The number of un-interruptible loads is small.

  • Otherwise, DC Zonal Electrical Distribution (or

Integrated Fight Through Power – IFTP) is generally Integrated Fight Through Power – IFTP) is generally preferred

May 16-19, 2006

University of Michigan, Dept. NA&ME Designing All Electric Ships

23

slide-24
SLIDE 24

NINTH INTERNATIONAL MARINE DESIGN CONFERENCE 2006

IPS Design Watch Items P t L d Effi i i

  • Part Load Efficiencies
  • Dark-Ship Starts
  • Shore Power
  • Shore Power
  • Power Generation Module Start Time
  • Component Reliability

Component Reliability

  • Common Mode Failure
  • Transformer In-Rush Current

May 16-19, 2006

University of Michigan, Dept. NA&ME Designing All Electric Ships

24

slide-25
SLIDE 25

NINTH INTERNATIONAL MARINE DESIGN CONFERENCE 2006

Conclusions Th I t t d P S t id th l

  • The Integrated Power System provides the naval

architect with many opportunities to optimize ship design. g

– It’s important that the Naval Architect take advantage of these opportunities, otherwise a sub-optimized IPS ship design may not outperform an optimized conventional g y p p mechanical drive ship design.

  • Improving the efficiency of prime movers and

propulsors (along with drag reduction) can propulsors (along with drag reduction) can compensate for lower transmission efficiency of electric drive.

May 16-19, 2006

University of Michigan, Dept. NA&ME Designing All Electric Ships

25

Core Hubs:
All Converters PDF Hub Video Hub Audio Hub Image Hub File Compressor