NINTH INTERNATIONAL MARINE DESIGN CONFERENCE 2006 Designing All Electric Ships CAPT Norbert Doerry CAPT Norbert Doerry Howard Fireman Naval Sea Systems Command Ann Arbor, Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan May 16 - 19, 2006 University of Michigan, Dept. NA&ME May 16-19, 2006 1 Designing All Electric Ships
NINTH INTERNATIONAL MARINE DESIGN CONFERENCE 2006 AGENDA • Integrated Power System (IPS) Introduction g y ( ) • IPS Design Opportunities • IPS Design Considerations • IPS Design Watch Items IPS Design Watch Items • Conclusions – The Integrated Power System provides the naval architect with many opportunities to optimize ship design. • It’s important that the Naval Architect take advantage of these opportunities, otherwise a sub-optimized IPS ship design may not outperform an optimized conventional mechanical drive ship design. – Improving the efficiency of prime movers and propulsors (along with drag reduction) can compensate for lower transmission efficiency of electric drive. University of Michigan, Dept. NA&ME May 16-19, 2006 2 Designing All Electric Ships
NINTH INTERNATIONAL MARINE DESIGN CONFERENCE 2006 Integrated Power System (IPS) IPS consists of an architecture and a set of modules which together provide g p the basis for designing, procuring, and supporting marine power systems applicable over a broad range of ship types: yp – Power Generation Module (PGM) – Propulsion Motor Module (PMM) – Power Distribution Module (PDM) – Power Conversion Module (PCM) Power Conversion Module (PCM) – Power Control (PCON) – Energy Storage Module (ESM) – Load (PLM) University of Michigan, Dept. NA&ME May 16-19, 2006 3 Designing All Electric Ships
NINTH INTERNATIONAL MARINE DESIGN CONFERENCE 2006 IPS Architecture • Integrated Power I t t d P – Propulsion and Ship Service Loads provided power from same prime movers • Zonal Distribution – Longitudinal Distribution buses connect prime movers to loads via zonal distribution nodes (switchboards or load loads via zonal distribution nodes (switchboards or load centers). University of Michigan, Dept. NA&ME May 16-19, 2006 4 Designing All Electric Ships
NINTH INTERNATIONAL MARINE DESIGN CONFERENCE 2006 IPS: Medium Voltage AC Design V lt IPS M di AC D i PDM - PCM PDM - PCM PDM - PCM PDM - PCM Xformer Xformer Xformer Xformer 4160 V 4160 V 4160 V 4160 V PGM PGM PGM PGM SP SP PDM PDM PGM SP PDM M PMM PMM PMM PMM PDM SP PDM PGM PDM PGM PGM Xformer Xformer Xformer Xformer 4160 V 4160 V 4160 V 4160 V PDM - PCM PDM - PCM PDM - PCM PDM - PCM Zone 1 Zone 2 Zone 3 Zone 4 Zone 5 Zone 6 Zone 7 SP = Shore Power University of Michigan, Dept. NA&ME May 16-19, 2006 5 Designing All Electric Ships
NINTH INTERNATIONAL MARINE DESIGN CONFERENCE 2006 IPS with DC Zonal Electrical Distribution: IPS with DC Zonal Electrical Distribution: Medium Voltage AC Distribution System To DC ZEDS PGM PGM To DC ZEDS PMM Motor Motor Drive Motor Motor Drive PMM To DC ZEDS PGM PGM University of Michigan, Dept. NA&ME May 16-19, 2006 6 Designing All Electric Ships
NINTH INTERNATIONAL MARINE DESIGN CONFERENCE 2006 DC Zonal Electrical Distribution System DC Z l El t i l Di t ib ti S t AN ELECTRICAL AN ELECTRICAL AN ELECTRICAL AN ELECTRICAL ZONE ZONE ZONE ZONE DC DC DC PCM-1 PCM-1 PCM-1 PCM-1 AC DC DC DC LOADS LOADS INPUT PCM- PCM-2 AC AC LOADS 2 DC PCM-4 PCM- 4 LOADS PCM-4 AC PCM- AC PCM- 2 LOADS 2 AC INPUT DC INPUT AC DC DC D D DC PCM-1 PCM-1 PCM-1 PCM-1 DC DC University of Michigan, Dept. NA&ME May 16-19, 2006 7 Designing All Electric Ships
NINTH INTERNATIONAL MARINE DESIGN CONFERENCE 2006 IPS Design Opportunities • Support High Power Mission Systems S t Hi h P Mi i S t • Reduce Number of Prime Movers • Improve System Efficiency • Improve System Efficiency • Provide General Arrangements Flexibility • Improve Ship Producibility Improve Ship Producibility • Support Zonal Survivability • Facilitate Fuel Cell Integration University of Michigan, Dept. NA&ME May 16-19, 2006 8 Designing All Electric Ships
NINTH INTERNATIONAL MARINE DESIGN CONFERENCE 2006 Support High Power Mission Systems S t Hi h P Mi i S t Organic Surveillance Drone High Altitude B Beam Power to Aircraft P t Ai ft Minimal Handling - No Refueling High Powered Sensor Combination Sensor and Weapon Electromagnetic Gun Electromagnetic Gun High Powered Microwave More than 10 MJ on Target More than 10 MJ on Target High Powered Laser Megawatt Range High Energy Laser High Energy Laser Enhanced Self Defense E h d S lf D f Precision Engagement No Collateral Damage Megawatt Class Laser Integrated Power System Integrated Power System NO ENERGETICS NO ENERGETICS Affordable Power for Weapons and Propulsion Power Dense, Fuel Efficient Propulsion All Electric Auxiliaries ABOARD SHIP! ABOARD SHIP! Reduced Signatures No Hydraulics Power Conversion Flexibility Power Conversion Flexibility No HP Gas Systems Reduced Sailor Workload University of Michigan, Dept. NA&ME May 16-19, 2006 9 Designing All Electric Ships
NINTH INTERNATIONAL MARINE DESIGN CONFERENCE 2006 Reduce Number of Prime Movers Reduce Number of Prime Movers Ship’s Power Propulsion Prime P i Prime Mover GEN Reduction Mover Power Gear Traditional Prime Conversion Prime Mover GEN Mover and Distribution Di t ib ti Prime GEN Prime Mover Mover Reduction Gear Prime Mover Mover Power Prime GEN Mover Conversion Electric and Prime Drive Drive GEN GEN Distribution Distribution Mover Mtr MD with Prime GEN Mover Integrated MD Mtr Power Prime GEN Mover University of Michigan, Dept. NA&ME May 16-19, 2006 10 Designing All Electric Ships
NINTH INTERNATIONAL MARINE DESIGN CONFERENCE 2006 Improve System Efficiency Mechanical Electric • A generator, motor drive and Drive Drive motor will generally be less Gas Turbine 30% 35% efficient than a reduction Reduction Gear 99% gear …. Generator 96% • But electric drive enables the Drive 95% prime mover and propulsor Motor 98% to be more efficient, as well Propeller 70% 75% as reducing drag. Relative Drag Coefficient 100% 97% Total 21% 24% Ratio 116% Representative values: not universally true TRADE TRANSMISSION EFFICIENCY TO REDUCE DRAG TRADE TRANSMISSION EFFICIENCY TO REDUCE DRAG TRADE TRANSMISSION EFFICIENCY TO REDUCE DRAG TRADE TRANSMISSION EFFICIENCY TO REDUCE DRAG AND IMPROVE PRIME MOVER AND PROPELLER EFFICIENCY AND IMPROVE PRIME MOVER AND PROPELLER EFFICIENCY University of Michigan, Dept. NA&ME May 16-19, 2006 11 Designing All Electric Ships
NINTH INTERNATIONAL MARINE DESIGN CONFERENCE 2006 Improve System Efficiency: S ff Contra-Rotating Propellers • Increased Efficiency – Recover Swirl Flow – 10 – 15% improvement • Requires special bearings for R i i l b i f inner shaft if using common Anders Backlund and Jukka Kuuskoski, “The Contra Rotating Propeller (CRP) shaft line Concept with a Podded Drive” • Recent examples feature Pod for aft propeller http://www.mhi.co.jp/ship/english/htm/crp01.htm University of Michigan, Dept. NA&ME May 16-19, 2006 12 Designing All Electric Ships
NINTH INTERNATIONAL MARINE DESIGN CONFERENCE 2006 General Arrangements Flexibility Improve Ship Producibility • Vertical Stacking of Propulsion Components Propulsion Components Diesel Mechanical System Di l M h i l S t • Pods • Athwart ship Engine M Mounting ti • Horizontal Engine Foundation Propulsion / Electrical Power Machinery Space • Engines in E i i Intakes/Uptakes Zones Without Propulsion / Superstructure Electrical Power Spaces Shaft Lin e Integrated Power System • Distributed Propulsion • Small Engineering Spaces 12APR94G. CDR NH D : S E A 0 3R 2 Rev 1 28 MAR 9 5 University of Michigan, Dept. NA&ME May 16-19, 2006 13 Designing All Electric Ships
NINTH INTERNATIONAL MARINE DESIGN CONFERENCE 2006 Support Zonal Survivability • Zonal Survivability is the ability of a distributed y system, when experiencing internal faults, to ensure loads in undamaged zones do not experience a service p interruption. – Sometimes applied to only Vital Loads. – Usually requires one Usua y equ es o e longitudinal bus to survive damage. • Limits damage propagation to the fewest number of to the fewest number of zones. – Enables concentration of Damage Control / Recoverability Efforts. y University of Michigan, Dept. NA&ME May 16-19, 2006 14 Designing All Electric Ships
NINTH INTERNATIONAL MARINE DESIGN CONFERENCE 2006 Facilitate Fuel Cell Integration • Many Advantages – Highly Efficient (35-60%) – Highly Efficient (35-60%) – No Dedicated intakes- uptakes; use ventilation • Challenges g – Reforming Fuel into Hydrogen – Onboard Chemical Plant. – Eliminating Sulfur from Eliminating Sulfur from fuels. – Slow Dynamic Response – Requires Energy storage to b l balance generation and ti d load – Slow Startup – Best used for base-loads University of Michigan, Dept. NA&ME May 16-19, 2006 15 Designing All Electric Ships
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