Design and Establishment of Groundwater Monitoring Network in Sri - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Design and Establishment of Groundwater Monitoring Network in Sri Lanka

Component – 02 (subcomponent ) Dam Safety and Water Resources Planning Project (DSWRPP)

• R. R.G.R. Rajapakse (Senior Hydrogeologist)

Water Resources Board 18th Dec 2013

Objectives

• Establishment of a long term monitoring network
• Systematic monitoring
• Determination of hydrogeological and geochemical status
• Knowledge dissemination

Importance

• No established groundwater monitoring network in Sri Lanka
• Potential threats and impacts on aquifers are not known
• Uses of spatio-temporal hydrogeological & geochemical condition of

the aquifers for management practices

Pilot areas

Pilot area Issues

Area 1 Bacteriological and Extensive Agriculture Area 2 Extensive Agriculture Area 3 Over extraction of water from Agro wells Area 4 Kidney disease Area 5 Industrial pollution Area 6 Salinity Area 7 Extensive Agriculture Area 8 WQ assessment

Desk Study/Literature Survey Preliminary Awareness Preparation of Base Maps Selection of Initial Monitoring Points GWL Monitoring Preparation of Groundwater Flow Direction Maps Establishment of Monitoring Network Further Studies for Consolidation Final Establishment of Monitoring Network DEM Map Preparation Water Sampling Deep Aquifer Wet Dry Shallow Aquifer Wet Dry Laboratory Analysis Interpretations and Data Analysis Water Quality Maps Preparation

Methodology

Activities completed in Pilot areas

• 1. Data collection and base maps preparation

• 2. Preliminary Awareness

1st Awareness Program - Jaffna Meeting with Jaffna University A Workshop organized by WRB in collaboration with DSWRPP & SLWP - Jaffna

Preliminary Awareness programs & interim awareness programs conducted in each Pilot areas

a.) In-situ Chemical Testing

Assessment of basic groundwater chemistry for selection initial sampling points

• 3. Field Activities

• Chemical
• Heavy Metal
• Bacteriological

Upgraded Laboratory

Assessment of spatio-temporal water quality maps of the pilot areas

• Spatio-temporal analysis of water chemistry with head variations
• Study of head variations with respect to climatic changes

Automated Datalogger Installation

High resolution automated groundwater head level monitoring in groundwater sensitive areas

Objective: Assessment of aquifer sensitivity, recharge or discharge behaviors of the aquifer and groundwater trend analysis for forecasting

0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 Water level(mbgl)

Groundwater Head fluctuations at Gampaha Sand aquifer

FCL05985 FCL05988/87

Interpret the subsurface aquifer formations, hydrogeology & sea water intrusion etc.

Irrakkamam Karativu

Study the flow behaviors of the areas in basin levels

Determine the aquifer properties and the sustainability of the aquifers

Gampaha Pilot Area

Low pH High NO3

Study Outputs

Water type - Ca/Mg(CO3/HCO3) type

TW0 5 Wattala Wahatiyagoda TW0 6 Wattala Parana Ambalama TW0 7 Katana Ambalammulla TW0 8 Katana Muruthena TW0 9 Wattala Wella palliya

Sea Water encroachment

High NO3 & EC levels High levels of Phosphate

Puttalam Pilot Area

Stiff diagram signatures Na-K-Cl Water type

Water Chemistry

Jaffna Pilot Area

• Elevated levels of NO3 and some

localities indicated high levels

• High potential fresh groundwater

bearing zone at Iyyakachchi area

PO4 DISTRIBUTION OF AMPARA PILOT AREA –Wet period

21

Ampara Pilot Area

• Vulnerable areas of high Mn & Cd
• High NO3 levels at Sammanthurai,

Central Camp Urbanized Areas

• High PO4 levels

PO4 DISTRIBUTION OF AMPARA PILOT AREA –Dry period

Output - Pilot areas

Pilot area Identified Issue/information Zone(area) Reason Gampaha NO3 pollution Katana, Biyagama Poor sanitation Acidity of water Katana, Biyagama, Ja-Ela, Gampaha inherited soil characteristics and Industrial pollution Mn pollution Biyagama, Ja-Ela Industrial pollution? High groundwater potential zones Katana(Ambalammulla) Associates with 2 fault zones Ampara NO3 pollution Sammanthurai, Irakkamam, Addalachchena, Malwatta, Ninthvur Poor sanitation and excessive usage of NO3 containing furtilizers F pollution Central camp, Addalachchena, Malwatta, Ninthvur country rock weathering PO4 pollution All over the pilot area Exessive agricultural activities? Salinity Chavalakudai, Navithanveli, Sea water intrution Geological conditions of the area Mn pollution Navithanveli, Sammanthurai, Deeghawapi Usage of pestisides? Cd pollution Navithanveli, Sammanthurai, Deeghawapi Usage of pestisides? Anuradhapura Fl pollution Kebithigollewa, Kahatagasdigiliya, Padawiya, Galenbidunuwewa rock weathering / Inherited soil characteristics Total alkalinity high hardness Dumping sites at the quartzite ridges No3 pollution some localized areas poor sanitation

Output - Pilot areas (Contd..)

Pilot area Identified Issue/information Zone(area) Reason Jaffna NO3 pollution Kopai, Thirunalveli, Nallur, Kaithadi excessive agricutural practices No Bacterialogical contamination identified Jaffna, Nallur High Salinity Ariyalai sea water intrusion? Fresh groundwater zones Iyakkathchi to Kadeikadu Associates with isolated sand lenses Puttalam NO3 pollution Kalpitiya, Puttalam town area Poor sanitation and excessive Use of agrochemicals PO4 pollution Vanathavillu Excessive agricultural activities High yielding area Aruwakkaru Not yet identified Salinity Aruwakkaru Sea water/ lagoon influence Mathale Groundwater depletion should be confirmed through consistant GWL monitoring since no previous records High Fl Dewahuwa, Digampathaha rock weathering / Inherited soil characteristics

The established long term Groundwater monitoring networks

Gampaha Pilot Area Puttalam Pilot Area

The established long term Groundwater monitoring networks

Badulla Pilot Area Ampara Pilot Area

Monitoring Network

The establish long term Groundwater monitoring network

Mathale Pilot Area Jaffna Pilot Area A’pura Pilot Area

Implementation of Monitoring activities

The continuous monitoring on the established networks is scheduled for two years period (2014-2015) and this is proposed in the extension phase of DSWRPP.

In progress: Obtaining Accreditation – WRB Laboratory

Activities

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

Preliminary activities a b Submission of 1st Draft application a b c d Organize Laboratory according to the 17025 standard. e Submission of application with necessary documents Submission of 2nd Draft application a b Correction of 1 st draft and submission to SLAB 4 Submission of 3rd Draft application b Correction of 1 st draft and submission to SLAB 5 Submission of Final application

Planned Actual SLAB processing time Oct

Months and Weeks - 2013

June July August 9 May Feb March

Study & collect necessary information regarding testing Laboratory Accreditation through SLS Accreditation Board in Sri Lanka (SLAB) & Searching Internet. Submission of a fresh application with necessary documents for accreditation certificate a Appointment of lead assessor by SLAB to advise to correct the 2nd draft if necessary

April

Collecting the 17021 standard from Sri Lanka Standard Institution. Collecting and filling an application form & supporting documents (questionnaire, the Laboratory quality manual and associated documents referred in the application & questionnaires). Associated documentation should include Procedures, work instruction, quality records etc.. Prepare procedure manual. & quality manual according to the guidelines of SLAB. 1 2

Sept

Sl No

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

3 Appointment of lead assessor by SLAB to advise to correct the 1st draft if necessary

The objectives of the programs were to:

• Aware the present status of the groundwater resources in the respective

areas

• Discuss on the issues and solutions for implementing of a mitigatory

approach

• Formulate an action committee at DSD levels
• to aware the grass root level community on the present status of

groundwater resources in the study areas

• Put directives and guidance towards the farming community to

minimize the impact on groundwater while post auditing by WRB through consistent water quality monitoring

• During these programs, the awareness posters were distributed among

the participants to be displayed at their working place and other public gathering places.

Follow up Awareness programs

Jul Au Sep Oct NovDec Jan Feb MarApr Ma Jun Jul Au Se Oc No Dec Jan Item Activity 1 Awareness

Institutions Public Farmer community

2

District secretary Divisional secretaries Grama niladari Farmer organizations Water resources Board Agriculture and agrarian

3

WRB

4

Committee

2015

Groundwater Protection Program - Activity plan

Reporting and Progress

2014

Environmental and planning officers Formation

• f action

committees Monitoring program

Follow up Awareness programs (Contd..)

• In progress for conducting grass root level awareness at DSD

levels (for farmer community, GN officers, other Institutional

• fficers who engaged with the community in the areas )
• Carried out programs at Anuradhapura, Galenbindunuwewa,

Puttalam, Kalpitiya DSDs and Ampara & Jaffna are scheduled in January 2014.

Follow up Awareness programs (Contd..)

Awareness program held at Puttalam DSD

Awareness program held at Kalpitiya DSD

Awareness program held at Galenbindunuwewa DSD

Action Committee elected for the protection plan at Galenbindunuwewa DSD

Some of the posters distributed among the pilot areas

Proposed Extension Programme

Objectives

 Establishment of seawater monitoring surveillance lines  Strengthening of monitoring network with additional areas identified  Continuation of the long term water quality monitoring through the established monitoring networks  Minimize the impact on groundwater through grass root level awareness with groundwater quality monitoring.

A.) Puttalam and Kalpitiya - Artesian well head structures for head level monitoring

• Extensive 2D geophysics along the coastal

stretch to identify/demarcate the seawater intrusion

Additional Work considered:

B.) Anuradhapura

• Addition of Sri Pura and other DS

divisions that have recorded highest number of CKD patients.

C.) Ampara district

• Addition of Dehiattakandiya, Padiyathalawa and

Maha oya DS Divisions to the existing network due to CKD issues identified

• Extensive 2D surveys along the coastal stretch to

identify/demarcate the seawater intrusion D.) Gampaha

• Addition of new DS Divisions(Mahara,

Kadawatha, Kelaniya) and identify new locations for the existing monitoring network

• Geophysics to identify the seawater interface for

long term monitoring E.) Jaffna

• 2D surveys along the coastal zones of the

district and adding of new DS divisions.

F.) Mathale

• Continue of GW level monitoring for another two

years for trend analysis and identify the impact levels

• Identification of the areas affected by CKD

G.) Badulla

• Water quality analysis with special emphasis on

heavy metal anlaysis (As,Cd,Mn,Pb) Training

Software training 2D resistivity survey Groundwater modeling

Tentative Work plan ( for the proposed extension program)

Activity Items Cost(Rs. Mn) Procurement Data loggers - 6 5.40 Drilling rigs with supporting truck (including accessories) 90.00 Test pumping units - 2 49.98 Geophysical equipment - 2 Mobilization crew cab - 1 10.00 7.00 Laboratory equipment 15.00 Software 0.10 Artesian well head structures 0.80 Activities Geophysical investigations 4.85 Construction of bore wells 20.00 Water quality monitoring, awareness, continuation

• f monitoring network

11.02 Training Software, Modeling, Geophysics, Hydrogeology 6.10 Capacity build up (Institutional ) Improvement of WRB head office building 40.00 Total 265.70

Estimated Budget

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