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Design and Development of Support Systems for Future Human Extravehicular Activity Presenter: Matthew J. Miller Thursday, Jan 12 th , 2017 AIAA SciTech 2017 Session EXPL-01; Habitation Systems Open-ended Questions: What are the necessary

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Design and Development of Support Systems for Future Human Extravehicular Activity

Presenter: Matthew J. Miller Thursday, Jan 12th, 2017 AIAA SciTech 2017 Session EXPL-01; Habitation Systems

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2 AIAA SciTech - 1/12/2017

Open-ended Questions:

  • What are the necessary support systems future

crew will need and what will functions will they support?

  • How can we answer the envisioned world problem

facing the human spaceflight community? Study Objectives: 1. Compare present-day and envisioned EVA concept of operations 2. Discuss key work functions inherent to the EVA work domain 3. Illustrate prototype support system designs and development efforts

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Historical EVA Operations & Studies

3 AIAA SciTech - 1/12/2017 ‘61-’66 ‘73-’79

1960’s 1970’s 1980’s 1990’s 2000’s 2010’s 2020’s 2030’s

1998-Present (2024) 1981-2011 ‘61-’75

Records provide details as to What was performed with limited insight into How EVA was performed As of 7/27/2016, NASA performed 391 EVAs, 110 (28%) experienced significant incidents

  • Crew injury (12)
  • Early Termination (14)
  • System Issue (52)
  • Operational Issue (36)

Thinking about the future…

  • Central to the success of EVA

execution is the relationship between in-flight crew and ground support personnel

  • However, existing data is

saturated with in-flight crew perspectives

  • Additionally, deep-space
  • perations imposes a multitude
  • f new operational constraints

to consider

  • Delayed communication
  • E.g.4-20 min one way

between Earth and Mars

Packham and Stockton, 2016

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Inventory management Archiving Life support monitoring Life support Timeline (task) execution Timeline tracking & alteration Translation,

  • rientation

and stabilization Egress & ingress Shelter & resource supply Anomaly response & resolution Generating signals Receiving signals

Understanding what is necessary to conduct EVA today

4 AIAA SciTech - 1/12/2017

Motivating Questions

  • What structure and functions

exist in the current EVA work domain?

  • What shifts are likely to occur

for future operations?

Information Flow Model

**Processes of EVA preparation and post-processing not included

Timeline (task) execution Life support monitoring Timeline tracking & alteration

What functions are required to ensure successful EVA execution? How is the current EVA work domain structured? Assumptions for the future

  • IV operator will take on more

functions that MCC currently provides

  • Timeline and life support

system management are highest priority to transition

Miller, McGuire, & Feigh (2016, 2015a)

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Year

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Time-delay

None 50 sec 5 min 10 min 15 min 20 min

Envisioning future EVA operations

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Pavilion Lake Research Project (PLRP) Desert Technology and Research Program (D-RATS) NASA Extreme Environment Mission Operations project (NEEMO) Biologic Analog Science Associated with Lava Terrains (BASALT)

Assumptions for the future

  • Analog environments provide a

representative means to explore what exploration teams will contend with at various destinations (e.g. NEOs, Moons or Mars, Mars surface)

  • Provide a means to situate operators

under envisioned physical and cognitive problem spaces In 2016, 3 simulation campaigns we leveraged to explored the design considerations of the IV

  • perator and workstation
  • NEEMO 21 (10+ EVAs)
  • BASALT-1 (10+ EVAs)
  • GT Laboratory (18+ EVAs)

**Graph only includes recent field deployments with published reports

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Supporting Envisioned Work

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Timeline Management

  • Timeline articulates the intended pathway of actions (minute by minute) that lead to

the completion of the a priori specified objectives

  • Constituent IV workstation elements include:

Life Support System Management

  • Life support system is composed of soft goods and the portable life support system

(PLSS). The PLSS generates various data streams that are monitored during execution

  • Constituent IV workstation elements include:

Summary Timeline Detailed Procedures Flight Notepad Map/Geospatial Tracking Display

Assumption: Time-delayed communication will necessitate the IV operator to support the moment by moment (tactical) operations of EVA execution that include the following functions:

Numerical Telemetry Displays Graphical Telemetry Displays

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Supporting Envisioned Work

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Communication Management

  • EVA operations depends on the ability to exchange information among the various

members of the team

  • Modes of communication include:

Science Operations Management

  • Future EVA objectives will contain science-driven objectives, which introduces a

spectrum of new data products to the EVA work domain

  • Constituent IV workstation elements include:

Physiological Data Management

  • Medical professionals (e.g. Flight Surgeon) currently manages crew physiological data.

Future operations will likely require IV operator to manage this data in addition to traditional EVA variables.

  • Constituent IV workstation elements include:

Video Audio Text Science Data Display Science Notepad Physiological Data Display Imagery

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IV Workstation Configurations – Analog Environments

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Work Function Support System Element Analog Timeline management Summary Timeline Detailed Procedures Flight Notepad Map/Geospatial Tracking Display Life support system management Numerical Telemetry Display Graphical Telemetry Display Communication Management Video Display Audio Text Client Physiological data management Physiological Data Display Science operations management Science Data Display Science Notepad

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NEEMO 21 EVA Operations

Conceptualizing the Operational Layout

9 AIAA SciTech - 1/12/2017

ISS EVA Operations Laboratory EVA Operations BASALT-1 EVA Operations

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IV Workstation Configurations - Laboratory

10 AIAA SciTech - 1/12/2017 Laboratory EVA Operations

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IV Workstation Configuration: NEEMO 21

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NEEMO 21 EVA Operations

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IV Workstation Configurations: BASALT-1

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BASALT-1 EVA Operations

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Summary of Insights

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Objective #1: Compare present-day and envisioned EVA ConOps

Framed EVA operations in terms of inherent work domain features to facilitate the extension of present-day ops into the future

Objective #2: Discuss key work functions inherent to the EVA work domain

Articulated five aspects of EVA work we expect future IV crew to perform

Objective #3: Illustrate prototype system designs and development efforts

Linked envisioned work capacities with various prototyped workstation software components to guide future development efforts

Each Prototype acts as a hypothesis about how to best enable IV operator work

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Study Implications and Future Work

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Open Research Questions

  • What does it mean to have situation awareness from the perspective of the

IV operator?

  • What is the appropriate distribution of responsibility and authority among

the entire flight team? This research is the first attempt to understanding the representations and responsibilities necessary for the IV operator enable future EVA

Future Work

  • Examine how we can better design both the surface

(interface) and internal (software structure) representations to facilitate desired IV work responsibilities

  • Extend similar rationale to examining other members of the

EVA flight team to understand system-wide implications from support system design

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Questions?

Acknowledgements

  • This work is sponsored by NASA Space Technology

Research Fellowship - Grant # NNX13AL32H.

  • Many thanks to the NASA Analog research personnel

for their support and encouragement of this work

15 AIAA SciTech - 1/12/2017

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References

  • Miller, M. J., McGuire, K. M., and Feigh, K. M., “Information Flow Model of Human Extravehicular Activity,” In Proceedings of the IEEE Aerospace

Conference, Big Sky, MT, March 2015.

  • Miller, M. J., McGuire, K. M., and Feigh, K. M., “Preliminary Work Domain Analysis for Human Extravehicular Activity,” Proceedings of the Human Factors

and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, Sept. 2015, pp. 11–15.

  • Miller, M. J., McGuire, K. M., and Feigh, K. M., “Decision Support System Requirements Definition for Human Ex-travehicular Activity Based on Cognitive

Work Analysis,” Journal of Cognitive Engineering and Decision Making, 2016.

  • Miller, M. J., Claybrook, A., Greenlund, S., and Feigh, K. M., “Operational Assessment of Apollo Lunar Surface Ex-travehicular Activity Timeline Execution,”

AIAA SPACE 2016, Sept. 2016.

  • Packham, N., & Stockton, B. (2016). Significant Incidents and Close Calls in Human SpacefIight: EVA Operations (No. JS-2016-028) (pp. 1–3). JSC S&MA

FLIGHT SAFETY OFFICE.

  • See manuscript for full reference list

Upcoming BASALT and NEEMO publications:

  • Deans, M., Marquez, J., Cohen, T., Miller, M. J., Deliz, I., Hillenius, S., et al. (2017). Minerva: User-Centered Science Operations Software Capability for

Future Human Exploration. Presented at the IEEE Aerospace Conference, Big Sky, MT.

  • Beaton, K., Chappell, Steven, Miller, M., Lim, D., & Abercromby, A. (2017). Extravehicular Activity Operations Concepts under Communication Latency and

Bandwidth Constraints. Presented at the IEEE Aerospace Conference, Big Sky, MT.

  • Chappell, Steven, Beaton, K., Graff, T., Newton, C., Abercromby, A., & Gernhardt, M. L. (2017). Integration of an Earth-Based Science Team during Human

Exploration of Mars. Presented at the IEEE Aerospace Conference, Big Sky, MT.

16 AIAA SPACE - 9/14/2016

Image References https://www.hq.nasa.gov/