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Feb 24, 2024 21 likes •273 views

2016 NASA Program September 20, 2016 Elliot Tardif Department of Environmental Quality Presentation Outline PAST Clean Air Act Amendments, State Rules, Court Cases and the evolution of North Carolina Air Quality. PRESENT

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Department of Environmental Quality

2016 NASA Program September 20, 2016 Elliot Tardif

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Presentation Outline

PAST
Clean Air Act Amendments, State Rules, Court Cases and the evolution of

North Carolina Air Quality.

PRESENT
Electric Generating Unit shutdowns, Attainment of Air Quality Standards and

State Rule Streamlining

FUTURE
Pollution transport to other states, Clean Power Plan, Tier 3 engine and fuel

standards and Regional Haze Rule compliance

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About NC

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Past

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PAST

North Carolina had very polluted

air into the 1990’s

State was facing many

nonattainment areas for both

zone and fine particulate matter

(PM2.5)

Growing concern over impacts of

pollution on the mountains

Two North Carolina counties with

highest toxic releases in the country.

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PAST

State and Federal measures

implemented to reduce pollution.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

enacted the NOx SIP Call in 1998.

First effort to reduce point-source

NOx on a regional scale.

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From: https://archive.epa.gov/ttn/ozone/web/pdf/otagfs.pdf

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PAST

State and Federal measures

implemented to reduce pollution.

State of NC changed & expanded

vehicle Inspection and Maintenance program.

From idle tailpipe test to On Board

Diagnostic program.

From 9 counties to 48 counties.
Phased in spatially from 2002 to

2006.

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PAST

State and Federal measures

implemented to reduce pollution.

State of NC implemented the Clean

Smokestacks Act in 2002.

Set a statewide cap of NOx and

SO2 emissions from coal-fired Electric Generating Units (EGUs).

Reduce NOx emissions from 245,000 tpy in 1998 to:

60,000 tpy by 2007 (76% reduction), 56,000 tpy by 2009 (78% reduction).

Reduce SO2 emissions from 489,000 tpy in 1998 to:

250,000 tpy by 2009 (49% reduction), 130,000 tpy by 2013 (74% reduction).

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PAST

State and Federal measures

implemented to reduce pollution.

North Carolina sued Tennessee Valley

Authority (TVA) in 2006.

Ozone & ozone precursor transport

from TVA facilities constitute a “public nuisance.”

TVA, EPA and NC settled suit via

consent decree in 2011.

Reduce NOx emissions by over

50,000 tpy by 2018.

Reduce SO2 emissions by 175,000

tpy by 2018.

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http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=6417740

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Present

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PRESENT

North Carolina currently attains all

NAAQS for the first time in over 20 years.

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PRESENT

Better-than-expected NOx and

SO2 reductions resulting from the Clean Smokestacks Act

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PRESENT

Better-than-expected NOx and

SO2 reductions resulting from the Clean Smokestacks Act

Many electric facilities converting

from coal to natural gas.

Older, inefficient coal plants shut

down.

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Jan. 2014

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PRESENT

Semi-anticipated CSA consequences
Compliance with new federal Mercury

Air Toxics Rule.

Compliance with Ozone Transport Rule

(CSAPR).

Compliance with Regional Haze rule.
Mountain sites well ahead of

targets.

Lower cost and longer time window for

utilities to implement under CSA than under federal rules.

Reduction in carbon dioxide emissions.
Public health benefits documented in

peer-reviewed journal papers.

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Jan. 2014

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PRESENT

Streamlining state rules
Redundant to federal rules.
Don’t achieve intended environmental benefit.
Needlessly cost money.
Gasoline Reid Vapor Pressure (RVP) rules
Rule was initially enacted to reduce VOC

emissions, NOx reductions negligible.

EPA approved NC’s proposal to remove RVP

rules in greater Winston-Salem, Raleigh, then Charlotte areas.

Uniform fuel standards statewide, saves NC

motorists millions of dollars per year.

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http://www.wral.com/nc-denr-triangle-triad-motorists-saved-about-18m-in-gas-costs-this-summer/14034049/

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Future

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FUTURE

Federal Tier 3 fuel and engine

standards for vehicles to be enacted nationwide in 2017.

Reduce light-duty vehicle tailpipe

emissions standards by 80% compared to existing Tier 2 fuel and

engine standards.

Reduce SO2 emissions by 56%

starting in 2017.

Reduce mobile NOx emissions by 10%

by 2018, 25% by 2030.

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https://www3.epa.gov/otaq/images/tier3.pdf

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FUTURE

Clean Power Plan
Proposed by the Obama Administration in 2015
Reduce CO2 emissions nationwide.
State-specific CO2 emissions targets by

2030.

Promptly litigated by 27 states and private

industry groups.

North Carolina concerned that the Clean Power

Plan does not account for CO2 emissions reductions already enacted under the CSA.

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https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2015-08/documents/fs-cpp-overview.pdf

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FUTURE

Updated Ozone Transport Rule
Current Ozone Transport Rule based on the

2008 8-hour ozone NAAQS.

Future year: 2017.
Future Ozone Transport Rule will be based on

the 2015 8-hour ozone NAAQS.

Future year: 2023.
NC received appropriate outcome in latest

modeling results.

Concerns remain with some technical details
f the modeling analysis.

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https://www.epa.gov/airmarkets/final-cross-state-air-pollution-rule-update-benefits-information-and-maps

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FUTURE

Regional Haze Rule
Next 10-year planning cycle coming up
2018-2028.
North Carolina’s mountain sites are well ahead of

visibility targets for 2028.

Swanquarter National Wildlife Refuge, on North

Carolina’s coast, is ahead of 2018 visibility targets but not yet ahead of 2028.

Where do the emissions reductions come

from?

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https://www.epa.gov/airmarkets/final-cross-state-air-pollution-rule-update-benefits-information-and-maps

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