Decision Support for Geo- Enabled Battle Command Eric Nielsen U.S. - - PDF document

▶
decision support for geo enabled battle command
SMART_READER_LITE
LIVE PREVIEW

Decision Support for Geo- Enabled Battle Command Eric Nielsen U.S. - - PDF document

Jul 18, 2023 271 likes •392 views

2/4/09 Decision Support for Geo- Enabled Battle Command Eric Nielsen U.S. Army Topographic Engineering Center 4 February 2009 Definitions Command and Control The exercise of authority and directionover assigned and attached

slide-1
SLIDE 1

2/4/09 1

Decision Support for Geo- Enabled Battle Command

Eric Nielsen U.S. Army Topographic Engineering Center

4 February 2009

Definitions

  • Command and Control –

“The exercise of authority and direction…over assigned and attached forces in the accomplishment of a mission” (FM 1-02)

  • Mission –

“The task, together with the purpose, that clearly indicates the action to be taken and the reason therefore” (FM 1-02)

  • Task –

“A clearly defined and measurable action, activity, or event…” (FM 7-15)

  • The 5 W’s
slide-2
SLIDE 2

2/4/09 2

Geo-Centric View of C2

Beliefs and Assumptions

  • Ubiquitous across C2
  • Terrain and weather are fundamental enablers/constraints to

force, system, sensor and soldier performance

  • Military operations and behaviors are not random
  • Warfighting Value: Knowledge > Information > Data
  • Deserves the same rigor of “explicit, quality, consistency of

representation” applied to other battlefield information

E

SPT

x

HHC MI

x x

HHC HQ

SNIPER

HQ

MGS

SNIPER

41 723 989 48 373 285 28 284 821 430 487 41 115 108 102 64 108 190 51 32 856+ 3537 3921

Tasks for every different unit type & echelon

106

Tasks – Engineered Knowledge

slide-3
SLIDE 3

2/4/09 3

Task-To-Terrain - GeoBML

  • Tier 1 - foundation products
  • Pre-computed for large Areas of Analysis
  • Answer OAKOC questions
  • Tier 2 - mission or task specific
  • Based on Tier 1 Product(s)
  • Cover smaller Areas of Analysis
  • Consider additional factors of METT-TC
  • Tier 3 – represent Command Decision
  • Informed by Tier 2 Product
  • Generally have an associated Graphic

Control Measure (GCM)

coarse fine general / reusable mission specific primarily static more dynamic Tiered TSO Structure

Tac$cal Spa$al Objects (TSOs) provide the specific set of geospa$al informa$on necessary to support the decision maker

Tactical Spatial Objects

data Information Tier 1 Tier 2 Tier 3

slide-4
SLIDE 4

2/4/09 4

Terrain Reasoning Informs Tac$cs and Opera$ons

Observa(on & Fields of Fire Concealment Cover & Concealment Mobility Corridors Avenues of Approach Co & Bn Chokepoints Maneuver Network Network and complex data informs the development of more tac$cally focused and mission specific terrain products II

CCP

AA DOG

An Example - 2/3 SBCT

2d Bn Commander wants to aKack to defeat enemy forces in OBJ O2. He assigns OBJ D1, E1 and F1 to companies D, E and F respec$vely. He wants F company to aKack by fire enemy on OBJ F1 so he requests BTRA to ini$ate the ABF engine. OBJ O2 OBJ D1 OBJ E1 OBJ F1

slide-5
SLIDE 5

2/4/09 5

2/3 SBCT ABF TSO Request Example of TSO use (Attack by Fire)

  • Engine calculates potential

positions for ABF

  • Considers

– LOS (Elevation/curvature) – Target/Observer Height

  • Sample points within Objective

area (OBJ F1)

  • Relatively flat terrain provides

limited LOS

  • Concealment values

evaluated, but not heavily weighted

  • Areas with no value as ABF

show as clear

ABF Engine result Objective F1 ~1000m ~ 1 5 m

slide-6
SLIDE 6

2/4/09 6

Example of TSO use – Planning for F/2/3

  • Engine calculates potential

positions for Attack By Fire (ABF)

  • Considers

– LOS (elevation/curvature) – Target/Observer height

  • Sample points within objective

area (OBJ F1)

  • Relatively flat terrain provides

limited LOS

  • Concealment values

evaluated, but not heavily weighted

  • Areas with no value as ABF

displayed as clear

ABF Engine result Objective F1 ~1000m ~ 1 5 m

Tier 2 to Tier 3 – Graphic Control Measure

  • Examine ABF Engine result
  • Eliminate inappropriate

locations/areas

– User decision based on actionable information

  • C2 application to designate

actual position

  • Consider approach/ingress

ABF Graphic Control Measure

slide-7
SLIDE 7

2/4/09 7

CCP TSO generation Casualty Collection Point for F/2/3

  • Initial placement at ABF

– 900 m circle for CCP analysis

  • Consult Complex for –

– Concealment – Reverse slope

900 m Initial CCP Location

TSO Enabled Reasoning Movement Planner generates route

  • F Company route from

Assembly Area to ABF position

– Use Maneuver Network – Most concealed route – Avoid roads in urban areas

slide-8
SLIDE 8

2/4/09 8

TSO Enabled Reasoning Route informs decision

  • Concealment for CCP

paramount – to include ingress/egress

  • March order
  • Tradeoff: Change location

– Simplicity – easier to implement from march – Security – concealment is equal to original position

  • Multiple, related TSOs =

Better, terrain informed decisions

This is good, but… Require additional functionality to dramatically increase speed and quality of command and control.

Geospatially Aware Battlefield Object (GABO)

  • Robust data structure for geospatial reasoning with

military objects – – Location – Time – Parentage/Order of Battle/Task Organization – Capabilities of units/weapons – Interaction(s) with control measures, organizations, and forces

  • Under development – Initial capability 4th Qtr, FY09
  • Integrate BML tasks to govern behavior of objects
  • Implement JC3IEDM compatibility
slide-9
SLIDE 9

2/4/09 9

BTRA Battle Engine (BBE)

  • Fast COA development based on

– Abstracted battlespace – Friendly/Enemy order of battle – Dupuy-derived combat model – Genetic algorithm

  • Delivers abstract COAs, requires:

– BML to generate comprehensive task (what) – GeoBML for precise location (where) – GABO to manage & display interactions (who/when)

  • Styker Co. ordered to attack to seize

OBJ

  • C2 App generates route
  • Minefield reported – intersects route
  • C2 app determines additional

movement cost

  • Alerts user of route/time constraint

Task will not be completed in time

  • required. Do you want to:

Re-generate Route Ignore Change Task

  • Styker Company Continues to OBJ

GABO-BML C2 Use Case

Route re-generated. Do you want to:

Re-generate Route Accept Route

slide-10
SLIDE 10

2/4/09 10

  • Minefield reported – intersects route
  • C2 app determines additional

movement cost

  • Alerts user of route/time constraint

Task will not be completed in time

  • required. Do you want to:

Re-generate Route Ignore Change Task

Change Task - Do you want to change:

Time to complete Add Task Task Organization

User Adds “Breach Minefield” task Recalculate time cost to OBJ

Attack Defend Move Breach Withdraw Delay Occupy AA

Symbol updated when unit completes Breach task Stryker Company Continues to OBJ

Use Case – Task Change (add)

  • Minefield reported – intersects route
  • C2 app determines additional

movement cost

  • Alerts user of route/time constraint

Change Task - Do you want to change:

Time to complete Add Task Task Organization

  • User queries for units with mine plows
  • Application identifies nearest unit,

generates route

Route re-generated. Do you want to:

Re-generate Route Accept Route

Define Command Relationship:

Attach TACON OPCON

  • Engineer Platoon symbol disappears
  • nce co-located with the Company it’s

attached to

  • Minefield breached, Stryker

Company continues to OBJ

Use Case – Task Org change (add)

slide-11
SLIDE 11

2/4/09 11

BML-GABO-BBE

  • Order-to-task
  • Task-to-terrain
  • Terrain-to-Abstract COAs
  • Abstract-to-Refined COAs

– Context-specific TSOs – 5 W’s

  • COA-to-Order
  • Order-to-Subordinates

BML GeoBML BBE GABO BML Result: Very rapid analysis, development and dissemination of plans and orders that exhaustively consider the full range of METT-T*.

* Civil Considerations – not yet implemented

Decision Support for Geo- Enabled Battle Command

Eric Nielsen U.S. Army Topographic Engineering Center

4 February 2009

Questions?