Decentralized cooperation and urban services management in southern countries: an application on water supply in Senegal. Arona Cissé é, , PhD student PhD student Arona Ciss University Toulouse 1 Toulouse 1 University WWW-YES, Paris 13-16 May 2008
Introduction Water scarcity: a Water scarcity : a contemporary contemporary global issue, global issue, especially especially for for developing developing countries (facing facing important population important population growth and weak financing growth and weak financing countries ( capacities for network services: for network services: water water, , sanitation sanitation, , electrecity electrecity, , capacities transport… … transport According to UNDP more According to UNDP more than than 1 billion people are 1 billion people are denied denied to clean to clean water access worlwide. . water access worlwide This situation slow down economic growth and This situation slow down economic growth and social social development development in in developing countries countries… … developing And hit more hit more vulnerable vulnerable people: slow people: slow income income population population who who And pays highest prices highest prices for for less quality and quantity water less quality and quantity water. . pays After slow slow performence performence of of the the 80 80’ ’ and and 90 90’ ’ programmes, programmes, is is MDG MDG’ ’s s After target to target to halve the halve the proportion of people proportion of people without access without access to a to a safe safe drinkable water by 2015 by 2015 feasible feasible? ? drinkable water Or new strategies strategies must must be held be held or or reinforced reinforced by by the the means means of of Or new decentralized cooperation to to favour favour local social local social development development? ? decentralized cooperation WWW-YES, Paris 13-16 May 2008
Outline of the presentation 1. Problematic Problematic 1. 2. Urban water Urban water management in management in Senegal Senegal 2. 3. Decentralized cooperation Decentralized cooperation a a response response to to water water 3. issues? issues? 4. Theorical framework and method Theorical framework and method 4. 6. Challenges Challenges and and issues for issues for the the future future 6. WWW-YES, Paris 13-16 May 2008
Problematic In the international strategies against water scarcity, how In the international strategies against water scarcity, how decentralized cooperation can modify developing countries cities decentralized cooperation can modify developing countries cities organization in the frame of new service delivery strategies and organization in the frame of new service delivery strategies and financial devices in water sector? financial devices in water sector? This question includes two others : This question includes two others : Decentralized cooperation: opportunity to improve local territories ies Decentralized cooperation: opportunity to improve local territor organization’ ’s or a way to increase territorial disparities in s or a way to increase territorial disparities in organization developing countries? developing countries? Decentralized cooperation: a way to improve local actors Decentralized cooperation: a way to improve local actors participation linked to central state by a “ participation linked to central state by a “bottom up bottom up” ” model and local model and local governments capabilities? governments capabilities? WWW-YES, Paris 13-16 May 2008
Urban water delivery in Senegal State State PLAN CONTRACT LEASING CONTRACT CONCESSION CONTRACT SONES SDE SONES SDE PERFORMANCE CONTRACT NGOs ASSOCIATIONS COMITE LOCAL STANDPIPE OWNER OTHER PRIVATE OPERATORS USERS USERS WWW-YES, Paris 13-16 May 2008
Decentralized cooperation a response to water issue? DC: local governments partnerships in a North South or South DC: local governments partnerships in a North South or South South relationship in various field (economic, cultural… …) ) South relationship in various field (economic, cultural It emerge by the late 1980s and early 1990s and legally It emerge by the late 1980s and early 1990s and legally established by 1992 in France, 1993 in UK and 1996 in established by 1992 in France, 1993 in UK and 1996 in Senegal… Senegal … … follows the growing importance of an institutions approach to follows the growing importance of an institutions approach to … development development Idea: resource transfers must be accompanied by political and Idea: resource transfers must be accompanied by political and institutional reform to reach equitable development. institutional reform to reach equitable development. WWW-YES, Paris 13-16 May 2008
Decentralized cooperation a response to water issue? Key principles: Key principles: � focus on participation of actors as development beneficiaries; � focus on participation of actors as development beneficiaries; � dialogue between complementary actors in diverse scales � dialogue between complementary actors in diverse scales � capacity building to key actors and institutional development. � capacity building to key actors and institutional development. 2003: World Water Water Forum (Kyoto) Forum (Kyoto) identified decentralized identified decentralized 2003: World cooperation and public assistance as solutions to public assistance as solutions to water water crises in crises in cooperation and developing countries countries… … developing 2005, Oudin law 2005, Oudin law in France: 1% of in France: 1% of water syndicate water syndicate budget budget can be can be mobilised in international mobilised in international solidarities solidarities actions. actions. The globalization globalization of of this this french initiative: a solution to french initiative: a solution to water water crisis? crisis? The WWW-YES, Paris 13-16 May 2008
Theorical framework and method Two main main ideologies ideologies: : privatization privatization defenders defenders and their opponents and their opponents Two For openents openents of of private sector participation private sector participation’ ’s s (PSP), (PSP), these these For mechanisms are not are not reliable reliable to to supply water supply water services to services to the poor the poor mechanisms (Shiva, 2003; Patrella Patrella, 2004 , 2004… …) )… … (Shiva, 2003; … and their … and their contribution for contribution for reaching reaching UN MDG UN MDG’ ’s s limited limited For PSP’ ’s defenders, s defenders, privatization is privatization is a a way way to to reach effeciency reach effeciency in in For PSP water management management and gather and gather more more funds funds to assume to assume water infractructures’ ’ renewal and renewal and extension ( extension (Camedussus Camedussus, 2003; , 2003; infractructures World Bank Bank, 2003 , 2003… …) ) World For us, an alternative model, based on decentralized cooperation For us, an alternative model, based on decentralized cooperation and a strengthening of local authorities capabilities may widen and a strengthening of local authorities capabilities may widen quality water access in low prices, especially for poor citizens quality water access in low prices, especially for poor citizens WWW-YES, Paris 13-16 May 2008
Theorical framework and method � Method Method � Bibliographic review, to analyse , to analyse the evolution the evolution of speeches of speeches around around Bibliographic review water issue issue and urban and urban management management these twenty these twenty last last years years : : water scientific literature, reports, case , reports, case studies studies… … scientific literature interviews and questionnaires; interviews and questionnaires; � to decentralized actors � to decentralized actors in in partnership partnership: France/ : France/Senegal Senegal � to NGOs � to NGOs and intervening and intervening in in water sector water sector (Enda, (Enda, � Household survey � Household survey in Dakar in Dakar and and Saint Saint- -Louis to analyse Louis to analyse their their perception on participation programmes. perception on participation programmes. Elements within whom we will realise case case studies studies � � Elements within whom we will realise WWW-YES, Paris 13-16 May 2008
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