Decentral drinking w ater and w astew ater treatm ent at 'De - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

decentral drinking w ater and w astew ater treatm ent at
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Decentral drinking w ater and w astew ater treatm ent at 'De - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Decentral drinking w ater and w astew ater treatm ent at 'De Ceuvel' in Am sterdam Enna Klaversm a 15 september 2016 This image cannot currently be displayed. I ntroduction Contents Grey water treatment Composting toilets


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15 september 2016

Decentral drinking w ater and w astew ater treatm ent at 'De Ceuvel' in Am sterdam

Enna Klaversm a

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I ntroduction

Contents

  • Grey water treatment
  • Composting toilets
  • Local drinking water production
  • LCA
  • QMRA
  • Conclusion
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( concentrations in m g/ L)

COD Total N Total P TSS Grey w ater influent 401 14 1.9 43 Grey w ater effluent 122 6.8 1.6 37 Guideline 200 60 6 60

Grey w ater treatm ent 5 L/ person/ day

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Com posting toilets

Advantages Disadvantages No sewer needed (+ no flushing water) 11 Months of composting 

  • nly Log 1.9 removal of

Streptococci (WHO norm: Log 6 removal) Possibility of reuse compost Complaints by users (smell, discomfort with handling human waste)

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Life Cycle Assessm ent

  • Goal: compare environmental impact
  • f 1 m 3 drinking water; centrally

(conventional) and locally (at De Ceuvel)

  • SimaPro software – EcoInvent 3.0

database – ReCiPe Endpoint method

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SLIDE 6

LCA: results (Ecopoints/ m 3 drinking water)

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Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessm ent

  • QMRA: risk below 1 per 10,000

persons per year  norm

Risk ( inf/ p* y) Surface water

(in communal system)

Grey water

(in individual home system)

Enterovirus 8.0 per 109 5 .0 per 1 0 3 Campylobacter 2.6 per 106 8 .8 per 1 0 4 Cryptosporidium 7.1 per 105 2 .7 per 1 0 4 Giardia 4.0 per 105 2.7 per 105

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Conclusions

  • Local loop closure hard to realize

– Local grey water treatment is possible  not to drinking water production – Not safe, higher environmental impact, high costs for monitoring – Composting toilets are no option, unless site without sewer

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Questions? Discussion?

ACKNOW LEDGEMENTS This research is co-financed with funding from the Topconsortia for Knowledge & Innovation (TKI) of the Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs