dealing with IBA from EfW Latest regulatory changes 28 February - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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dealing with IBA from EfW Latest regulatory changes 28 February - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Mar 02, 2024 344 likes •615 views

Future directions for dealing with IBA from EfW Latest regulatory changes 28 February 2019 Patrick Clerens ESWET Secretary General European Suppliers of Waste-to-Energy Technology Agenda 1. General considerations 2. Metals recovery 3.

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European Suppliers of Waste-to-Energy Technology

Future directions for dealing with IBA from EfW

Latest regulatory changes

28 February 2019 Patrick Clerens ESWET Secretary General

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European Suppliers of Waste-to-Energy Technology

Agenda

2 Future directions for dealing with IBA from EfW 28.02.2019

  • 1. General considerations
  • 2. Metals recovery
  • 3. Minerals recovery
  • 4. Outlook
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European Suppliers of Waste-to-Energy Technology

Members

3 28.02.2019 Future directions for dealing with IBA from EfW

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European Suppliers of Waste-to-Energy Technology

  • 1. General considerations

4 28.02.2019

Approximately 1.3 million tonnes of IBA come out of EfW plants in England and Wales each year (source: UK Environment Agency) Ferrous metals account for 7-15% of ashes (source: ISWA) Non-ferrous metals account for 1-2% of ashes (source: ISWA) Rest consists of minerals which can be entirely utilised, mostly for construction purposes

= In a low carbon, circular economy everyone must contribute IBA is huge potential barely tapped

Future directions for dealing with IBA from EfW

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European Suppliers of Waste-to-Energy Technology

  • 1. General considerations

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The fate of IBA is usually a result of legislation (ISWA)

Future directions for dealing with IBA from EfW

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European Suppliers of Waste-to-Energy Technology

  • 1. General considerations

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Metals Minerals Incinerator Bottom Ash (IBA)

Future directions for dealing with IBA from EfW

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European Suppliers of Waste-to-Energy Technology

  • 2. Metals recovery

7 28.02.2019 Future directions for dealing with IBA from EfW

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European Suppliers of Waste-to-Energy Technology

  • 2. Metals recovery

General recycling principles

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In principle, under Art. 11a(2) of the revised Waste Framework Directive (WFD): Recycling targets are assessed at the point where municipal waste enters the recycling operation (derogations are possible)

Future directions for dealing with IBA from EfW

Definition of Municipal Waste (a) mixed waste and separately collected waste from households, including paper and cardboard, glass, metals, plastics, bio-waste, wood, textiles, packaging, waste electrical and electronic equipment, waste batteries and accumulators, and bulky waste, including mattresses and furniture; (b) mixed waste and separately collected waste from other sources, where such waste is similar in nature and composition to waste from households; […]

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European Suppliers of Waste-to-Energy Technology

  • For the purpose of calculating the 2025, 2030 and 2035 targets for

preparing for re-use and recycling of municipal waste, Member States may take into account the recycling of metals separated after incineration of municipal waste.

  • The Commission is in the process of adopting a methodology for

calculating the weight of recycled metals separated from incineration bottom ash (to be published by 31 March 2019)

  • 2. Metals recovery

Recycling of metals from bottom ashes

9 28.02.2019 Future directions for dealing with IBA from EfW

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European Suppliers of Waste-to-Energy Technology

  • 2. Metals recovery

Methodology for calculating the weight of recycled metals

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Recycled metals Metals with minerals Minerals

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European Suppliers of Waste-to-Energy Technology

  • 2. Metals recovery

Methodology for calculating the weight of recycled metals

11 28.02.2019 Future directions for dealing with IBA from EfW

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European Suppliers of Waste-to-Energy Technology

  • 2. Metals recovery

Methodology for calculating the weight of recycled metals

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share of municipal waste in all incinerated waste is above 75%

Future directions for dealing with IBA from EfW

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European Suppliers of Waste-to-Energy Technology

  • 2. Metals recovery

Methodology for calculating the weight of recycled metals

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IF municipal waste is less than 75%

Carry out a survey: 1) at least every five years 2) significantly changed waste composition

Future directions for dealing with IBA from EfW

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European Suppliers of Waste-to-Energy Technology

  • 3. Minerals recovery

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European Suppliers of Waste-to-Energy Technology

  • 3. Minerals recovery: the HP14 issue

General principles of hazardous waste classification

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Hazardous Properties

HP1 Explosive HP2 Oxidising HP3 Flammable HP4 Irritant — skin irritation and eye damage HP5 Specific Target Organ Toxicity (STOT)/Aspiration Toxicity HP6 Acute Toxicity HP7 Carcinogenic HP8 Corrosive HP9 Infectious HP10 Toxic for reproduction HP11 Mutagenic HP12 Release of an acute toxic gas HP13 Sensitising HP14 Ecotoxic HP15 Waste capable of exhibiting a hazardous property listed above not directly displayed by the original waste

Future directions for dealing with IBA from EfW

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European Suppliers of Waste-to-Energy Technology

  • 3. Minerals recovery: the HP14 issue

General principles of hazardous waste classification

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Definition of Hazardous Property ‘HP14’ (or ‘Ecotoxic’): Waste which present or may present immediate or delayed risks for one or more sectors of the environment (Annex III WFD)

Future directions for dealing with IBA from EfW

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European Suppliers of Waste-to-Energy Technology

  • 3. Minerals recovery: the HP14 issue

General principles of hazardous waste classification

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The European List of Waste (LoW) (2000/532/EC) is the key document for classification of waste. A Member State may consider waste as hazardous where, even though it does not appear as such on the LoW, it displays one or more of the properties listed in Annex III (Art. 7(2) WFD) Conversely, where a Member State has evidence that specific waste that appears on the LoW as hazardous waste does not display any of the properties listed in Annex III, it may consider that waste as non-hazardous waste (Art. 7(3) WFD)

Future directions for dealing with IBA from EfW

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European Suppliers of Waste-to-Energy Technology

  • 3. Minerals recovery: the HP14 issue

General principles of hazardous waste classification

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Waste which fall under the definition of a hazardous waste should:

  • Be channeled into appropriate waste treatment systems (Art.

17-20 WFD)

  • Be labelled in accordance with International and Community

standards

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European Suppliers of Waste-to-Energy Technology

  • 3. Minerals recovery: the HP14 issue

General principles of hazardous waste classification

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EU level: Annex III WFD Spain Germany Austria Etc.

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Testing Calculation methodology for assessing Ecotoxicity

Future directions for dealing with IBA from EfW

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European Suppliers of Waste-to-Energy Technology

  • 3. Minerals recovery: the HP14 issue

The problem raised by the calculation methodology

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  • Total heavy metals (>5 g/cm3) content estimation

Above threshold => Ecotoxic

Future directions for dealing with IBA from EfW

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European Suppliers of Waste-to-Energy Technology

  • 3. Minerals recovery: the HP14 issue

A proposed assessment method

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European Suppliers of Waste-to-Energy Technology

  • 3. Minerals recovery: the HP14 issue

A proposed assessment method

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Basis for assessing HP14 property

  • Check for solid/bound metals
  • Make eluate check

bifa Umweltinstitut GmbH, ITM (University of Duisburg-Essen) and GKS (WtE plant in Schweinfurt)

Future directions for dealing with IBA from EfW

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European Suppliers of Waste-to-Energy Technology

  • 3. Minerals recovery: the HP14 issue

A proposed assessment method

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Four groups of metals

  • Group 0: solid metals or alloying metals
  • Group 1: “non-H410 substances” ions (“solid solution”) firmly embedded in

the basic structure of the mineral, bound in a very stable manner; spinels (e.g. magnetite); silicates with layer, band or chain structure (pyroxene group, melilite group)

  • Group 2: “releasable substances” oxides, hydroxides or carbonates that are

sparingly soluble in water, acid soluble, soluble in strong complexing agents (EDTA)

  • Group 3: “water-soluble salts” subordinate salts (partly react to hydroxides);
  • xo complexes (anions with Cu, Zn, Pb)

Only group 2 and 3 relevant for classification, leading bottom ash to be generally classified as non-hazardous

Future directions for dealing with IBA from EfW

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European Suppliers of Waste-to-Energy Technology

  • 4. Outlook

How will Brexit benefit IBA in the UK?

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  • Use possibility opened by EU legislation to

recycle metals from IBA

  • Develop a realistic assessment method for

material recycling

  • If not in the single market:

 Difficult import and export  of waste  Difficult export  of secondary raw material  Increased need of self sufficiency

Future directions for dealing with IBA from EfW

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European Suppliers of Waste-to-Energy Technology

Thank you for your attention!