De-extinction March 2015 What is it The process of creating an - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

▶
de extinction
SMART_READER_LITE
LIVE PREVIEW

De-extinction March 2015 What is it The process of creating an - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Nov 30, 2023 111 likes •229 views

De-extinction March 2015 What is it The process of creating an organism, which is a member of or resembling an extinct species. Extract DNA from fossils, parts of animals or other articles. By using their DNA and

slide-1
SLIDE 1

March 2015

De-extinction

slide-2
SLIDE 2

What is it

  • The process of creating an organism, which is a member of or resembling an extinct species.
  • Extract DNA from fossils, parts of animals or other articles.
  • By using their DNA and selectively breeding, or cloning.
  • De-extinction, resurrection biology, species revivalism.
slide-3
SLIDE 3

Methods

Cloning: create genetically identical organisms

Finn-Dorset (Nuclear Donor) Scottish Blackface (Cytoplasmic Donor) Mammary Cells Direct Current Pulse Enucleation Dolly Surrogate ewe Blastocyst

Selective breeding

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_breeding http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloning

slide-4
SLIDE 4

Some ongoing projects using cloning

passenger pigeon (extinct beginning 20th century) Extracting DNA fragments from preserved specimens, and later, using band-tailed pigeons or rock pigeons as surrogate parents Pyrenaen Ibex (extinct 2000) First animal that survived de-extinction by cloning (2009), but died of lung defect

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passenger_pigeon

slide-5
SLIDE 5

Some ongoing projects using cloning

woolly mammoth (extinct 10000 years ago) Large amounts of well-preserved mammoth tissue found in Siberia.

  • Clone woolly mammoth using elephant as surrogate mother.
  • Introduce mammoths in Pleistocene Park, wildlife reserve in Siberia.
  • Planning stage as of 2013.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woolly_mammoth

slide-6
SLIDE 6

An ongoing project using selective breeding

aurochs (extinct in 1600’s) Use DNA samples from bone and teeth fragments in museums to recreate its full genome.

  • Compare to DNA of modern European cattle to determine which breeds still carry aurochs genes.
  • Undertake a selective breeding program to reverse the evolutionary process, in several generations.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurochs

slide-7
SLIDE 7

Candidate species for de-extinction and de-extinction criteria http://longnow.org/revive/species/

slide-8
SLIDE 8

Controversy

  • Increased bio-diversity, potential new resources
  • Compensate for human responsibility on extinction
  • No access to the epigenetics, which has a central importance in modulating DNA expression
  • Different behaviours than predecessors, since raised by parents of different species
  • Habitat necessary for formerly extinct species to survive is too limited to warrant de-extinction
  • Potential serious impact on existing ecosystem by disruption of food chain
  • Efforts would be better spent conserving existing species
  • …
slide-9
SLIDE 9

Further information

  • http://longnow.org/
  • http://longnow.org/revive/events/tedxdeextinction/
  • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De-extinction
slide-10
SLIDE 10

…

…